Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials, and Structures - B: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 18, Issue 4

761 Pages·1997·20.697 MB·English

Ceramic
Engineering
& Science
Proceedings
Volume 18, Issue 4, 1997
Proceedings of the
21 st Annual Conference on
Composites, Advanced Ceramics,
Materials, and Structures-B
January 12-16, 1997
Cocoa, FL
J.P Singh
Program Chair
Published by
The American Ceramic Society
735 Ceramic Place
Westerville, OH 43081 -613 6
Copyright 0 1997
The American Ceramic Society
ISSN 0 1 96-62 1 9
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CESPDK Vol. 18, No. 4, 1997
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Each issue of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, ISSN 0196-6219 , includes a
collection of technical articles in a general area of interest. These articles are of practical
value for the ceramic industries and the general public. The issues are based on the
proceedings of a conference. Both American Ceramic Society and non-Society conferences
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presentors. There is no other review prior to publication.
Foreword
The 21st Annual Conference and Exposition on Composites, Advanced
Ceramics, Materials, and Structures was held January 12-16, 1997, in Cocoa
Beach, Florida. The meeting was open to all (that is, totally nonrestricted), inte-
grating an international audience of more than 450 that represented all sectors of
the materials community. This conference featured an International Symposium
on Advanced Synthesis and Processing, chaired by Kathryn V. Logan, Zuhair A.
Munir, and Richard M. Spriggs, which was jointly sponsored by the U.S. Army
Research Office, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific
Research, the Engineering Ceramics Division, and the National Institute of
Ceramic Engineers. Two hundred fifty-five papers, including invited talks, oral
presentations, and posters, were presented by conference attendees from 15
countries. The speakers represented universities, industry, government, and
research laboratories. In the proceedings, their papers are organized by the ses-
sion topics as they appeared in the program.
The James I. Mueller Lecture on “High Temperature Structural Silicides” was pre-
sented by John J. Petrovic of Los Alamos National Laboratory. This lecture was fol-
lowed by a plenary session that featured presentations from the U.S. Army Research
Office, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research, the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Kyocera Industrial Ceramics
Corporation. A panel discussion titled “Global Commercialization of Advanced
Ceramics: Industry Perspective on Commercialization, Current and Future,” and a
highly successful industrial exposition also were featured during the conference.
The NICE Student Congress, chaired by Holly H.utchason, took place at Cocoa
Beach immediately preceding the conference. The student members contributed sig-
nificantly to the conference’s success with their enthusiastic participation.
I would like to express my gratitude to all participants, session chairs, and student
pages for their time and effort, to authors for their timely submissions and revisions of
manuscripts, and to reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. Thanks
also are due to the many people who contributed to the success of the 2Ist Annual
Cocoa Beach Conference. The 1997 Cocoa Beach Program Committee included
Victor Greenhut (Plenary Session and Division Chair), Donald J. Bray (Division Vice
Chairmreasurer), Jane W. Adams (Division Secretary, Poster Session Chair), WOOY .
Lee (Awards Chair), Kathryn V. Logan (Division Counselor, International Symposium
Chair), Glenn N. Pfendt (Division Counselor), and John J. Petrovic (Division
Trustee). My thanks are also to the American Ceramic Society staff Paul Holbrook
(Executive Director), Bill Douglas (Director of Meetings and Exposition Services),
Jackie Davis (meeting administration), Nadeen Askew (exposition), Sarah Godby
(manuscript review and proceedings), Mary Cassells (product manager), and Janie
Diebler (award certificates). Finally, special thanks are extended to Katie Pierucci,
Manish Sutaria, N. Vasanthamohan, and Sylvia Hagamann for their invaluable help
during the organization of this conference and preparation of the proceedings.
J.P. Singh
Program Chair, Engineering Ceramics Division
...
111

Table of Contents
21 st Annual Conference on Composites,
Advanced Ceramics, Materials, and Structures-B
Foreword .............................................. iii
Monolithic Ceramics: Processing and Properties
Hot Pressing Analysis of Ceramic Powders with Green
Density Gradients ............................................ .3
S. Bhattacharya, K Jakus, and I. Grosse
Micro-Gas Turbine Engine Materials and Structures .................1.1
S.M. Spearing and K.S. Chen
Superplasticity in Silicon Nitride ................................. 19
J.A. Schneider and A.K. Mukherjee
Synthetic Low-Shrinkage Oxide-Matrices From Filled
Polymeric Siloxanes ......................................... .27
D. Suttor, H.-J. Kleebe, and G. Ziegler
Fabrication and Properties of Erbium Oxide ....................... .37
A. Neuman, M. Platero, R. Romero, K.J. McClellan, and J.J. Petrovic
Tensile Creep Performance of a Developmental, in situ
Reinforced Silicon Nitride ..................................... .45
A.A. Wereszczak, T.P. Kirkland, H.-T. Lin, M.K. Ferber, C.-W. Li,
and J.A. Goldacker
Interstitial Chemistry Effects on Sintering of Ti&. .................. 57
A.J. Thom and M. Akinc
Viscous Slip at Grain Boundaries in Highly Covalent Ceramics. .........6 7
G. Pezzotti, K. Maruyama, K. Ota, H.-J. Kleebe, and T. Nishida
Characterization of lnnovatively Synthesized Low
Cost NZP Powders .......................................... .75
J.A. Curtis, R. Nageswaran, S.Y. Lirnaye, C.R. Hubbard,
W.D. Porter, and S.T. Misture
Characterizing the Performance of Advanced Rolling
Element Materials ........................................... .85
D.J. Mitchell, R. Sabia, E.D. Whitney, and J.H. Adair
V
Characterization of Machining Induced Subsurface Damage of a High-
Strength Silicon Nitride. ...................................... .93
R.D. Ott, K. Breder, T.R. Watkins, M.K. Ferber, and J.M. Rigsbee
Synthesis and Microsturcture of Powder and Porous Zr02 from
Hydrolysis Process ......................................... .lo5
M. Ozawa, S. Suzuki, C.-K. Loong, and P. Thiyagarajan
Commercialization, New Products, and Applications
Laminated Object Manufacturing, a New Process for the Direct
Manufacture of Monolithic Ceramics and Continuous Fiber CMCs ......1 13
D. Klosterman, R. Chartoff, N. Osborne, and G. Graves
The Sintering Effects of Time, Temperature, and ZNO Additions on
CMZP Ceramics ........................................... .121
J.R Clarke and D.A. Hirschfield
Microstructure and Mechanical Evaluation of Yttrium Phosphate-
Containing and Lanthanum Phosphate-Containing Zirconia Laminates . . 129
D.-H. Kuo and W. M. Kriven
Brazing of Heat Sink Attachment for New Electronic
Ceramic Substrates ......................................... .137
W.B. Hanson, J.A. Fernie, and N.R. Stockham
Mechanical Test Methods and Nondestructive Evaluation
The Use of Compact Tension Specimens to Measure Slow Crack
Growth in Continuous-Fiber Composites at Elevated Temperatures .....1 47
C.A. Lewinsohn, C.H. Henager, Jr., and R.H. Jones
Fracture Toughness of Ceramics Using the SEVNB Method:
Preliminary Results. ........................................ .155
J. Kubler
Fracture Toughness by the Surface Crack in Flexure (SCF)
Method: New Test Results. ................................... ,163
G.D. Quinn, J.J. Swab, and M.D. Hill
Investigation of “Halos” Associated with Fracture
Toughness Precracks ....................................... .173
J.J. Swab and G.D. Quinn
Micro-Strength Evaluation of Alumina Using Biaxial Flexure Technique . . 183
A. Okada, H. Kawamoto, and H. Usarni
v1
Use of Indentation Technique to Measure Elastic Modulus of
Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coating .............. 191
J.P. Singh, M. Sutaria, and M. Ferber
Gas Evolution from Advanced Ceramics During Fracture
Under Ultra High Vacuum. ................................ 201
S. Kitaoka, H. Matsubara, H. Kawarnoto, H. Yanagida,
M. Matsurnoto, and M. Kanno
Stress-Rupture of NicalonTM/SiCa t Intermediate Temperatures .... 209
E. Lara-Curzio, P.F. Tortorelli, and K.L. More
Application of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide
Matrix Composites to a Ceramic Gas Turbine Model for Automobiles 221
Y. Sanokawa, Y. Ido, Y. Sohda, N. Nakazawa, and H. Kaya
Testing of Monolithic Ceramics and Fiber Reinforced Ceramic
Composites for Gas Turbine Combustor. ..................... 229
J.F. Sirnpson, V.M. Parthasarathy, and A. Fahme
Shear Strength and Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermally
Shocked CFCCs. ........................................ ....2 37
J.E. Webb, R.N. Singh, P.B. Nagy, and R.A. Lowden
Piezoelectric Composite Oscillator Method for Modulus and
Internal Friction Evaluation of Ceramic ........................... 245
M. Ozawa, S. Suzuki, and M. lnagaki
A Correlation of Air-Coupled Ultrasonic and Thermal Diffusivity Data
for CFCC Materials ......................................... .251
T.A.K. Pillai, W.A. Ellingson, J.G. Sun, TI. Easler, and A. Szweda
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gel-Cast Ceramic Composites. ....... 259
S.L. Dieckrnan, K.M. Balss, L.G. Waterfield,
J. A. Jendrzejczyk ,and A.C. Raptis
Three New Nondestructive Evaluation Tools Based on High-Flux
Neutron Sources. .......................................... .265
C.R. Hubbard, D. Raine, R. Peasco, M. Wright, P.M. Whaley, and P. Koehler
Laser-Based Optical Scatter Detection of Surface and Subsurface
Defects in Machined Si3N4 Components. ........................ .273
J.G. Sun, M. Shirber, and W.A. Ellingson
Ultrashort Laser Pulse Scattering by Optmechanical Composites
for Analysis of Light-Transmission ............................. .281
H. Iba and Y. Kagawa
vii
Nondestructive Evaluation of Nicalon/SiC Composites by Ultrasonics
and X-ray Computed Tomography ............................. .287
J. Kim, P.K. Liaw, D.K. Hsu, and D.J. McGuire
-
Me c ha ni s m Ba se d D e s ig n of Hi g h- Te m p e r a t u re
Composite Structures
Mechanism-Based Design of Composite Strictures Program
Overview and Accomplishments. .............................. .299
G.J. Dvorak
Software Framework for Mechanism-Based Design of
Composite Structures ....................................... .307
R. Wentorf, M.S. Shephard, G.J. Dvorak, J. Fish, M.W. Beall,
R. Collar, and K.-L. Shek
Modeling and Adaptive Numerical Technique for Oxidation of Ceramic
Composites. .............................................. .315
S. Adjerid, M. Aiffa, J.E. Flaherty, J.B. Hudson, and M.S. Shephard
Modeling and Simulation of Failure Processes in Composites ........ .323
J. Fish, K. Shek, S. Gomaa, M.S. Shephard, G.J. Dvorak, W.E. Bachrach,
and A.M. Wafa
Dynamic and Transient Characterization of Ceramic Fibers at Elevated
Temperatures ............................................. .331
S.S. Sternstein and R. Warren
Improved Properties of Silicide Matrix Composites .................3 39
S. Augustin, M. Broglio, P. Lipetzky, N.S. Stoloff, and M. Nazmy
Multi-Axial Response of Woven Continuous-Fiber Composites ........3 47
P. Lipetzky, G.J. Dvorak, and N.S. Stoloff
Atmospheric Effects on High-Temperature Lifetime of
Ceramic Composites. ....................................... .355
P. Lipetzky, N.S. Stoloff, and G.J. Dvorak
Effect of Salt Corrosion on Mechanical Properties of a SIC-SIC
Composite in Dry and Moist High-Temperature Environment. .........3 63
P. Lipetzky, M. Lieblich, W. Hillig, and D. Duquette
Behavior of SiC-Fiber/AI2O3 Composite with Na-Based Salts in Dry
and Moist Oxidizing Environments ............................. .371
P. Lipetzky, M. Lieblich, W. Hillig, and D. Duquette
viii
DARPAs Low-Cost Ceramic Composite (LC3) Program
The Use of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) in the
Analysis of Alumina-Boria-Silica Ceramic ........................ .381
E.A. Leone and S.S. Campbell
The Effect of Processing Parameters on the Surface Nitridation of
NextelTM 31 2 Ceramic ....................................... .391
S.S. Campbell, E.A. Leone, and M. McNallan
Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Nitrogen-Containing
BlackglasTM Ceramic ........................................ .399
R.Y. Leung, M. Glazier, and M.A. Meador
Development of Mechanistic Model for BlackglasTM Pyrolysis:
Comparison of Theory and Experiment. ......................... .407
W.N. Gill, A. Kulkarni, F. Wang, Y.W. Lee, J. Madsen,
A. Tobin, and T. Donnellan
Characterization of BlackglasTM/BN/NicalonTM Composites. ...........4 17
G. Qi, W.R. Cannon, S.C. Danforth, and S.S. Campbell
Thermal Wave Nondestructive Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix
Composite Components ..................................... .425
P. Khandelwal, S.M. Shepard, and T. Ahmed
Monolithic Ceramics: Microstructure and Properties
Effect of Powder Characteristics on the cx-to-p Si3N4
Transformation Kinetics ..................................... .437
T.N. Tiegs, F.C. Montgomery, J.L. Schroeder, D.L. Barker,
and P.A. Menchhofer
Phase Transformation and Microstructure in the Mixed
Cations of dP-SiAION Composite. ............................. .449
T.4. Sheu
Optimization of Sintering Aids in Silicon Nitrides for Cutting
Tool Application ........................................... ,457
R.D. Nixon and P.K. Mehrotra
Porous Silicon Nitride with Oriented Anisotropic Pores .............. 465
Y. Shigegaki, M.E. Brito, K. Hirao, M. Toriyama, and S. Kanzaki
The Influence of Carbon on the Structure of Preceramic
Polymer Derived Sic. ....................................... .473
L.E. Kolaya and N. Lewis
ix
High-Temperature Characteristics of Si3N4/BN Fibrous
Monolithic Ceramics ........................................ .481
S.W. Lee and D.K. Kim
Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on the Microstructure Evolution
and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide Ceramics ..............4 87
H.W. Jun, H.W. Lee, G.H. Kim, H.S. Song, and B.H. Kim
Novel Microstucture of Microwave-Sintered Silicon Nitride Doped
with A1203 and Y203. ....................................... ,505
Y.C. Kim, D.K. Kim, C.H. Kim, K. Bai, and J.W. Yang
Correlation between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in
Silicon Nitride Ceramics ..................................... .511
H. Hohjo, N. Kamiya, and T. Miyata
Modeling of the Sintering Behavior of A1203 with a Neural Network, .... 519
H. Hofmann
International Symposium on Advanced Synthesis
and Processing
Preface .................................................. .529
Developments in Microwave Processing Technologies. .............. 531
D.E. Clark and D.C. Folz
Microwave Joining and Repair of Ceramics and Ceramic Composites ...5 43
K.-Y. Lee, E.D. Case, and D. Reinhard
Microwave Heating Rates of Silicon Carbide/Alumina
Cement Susceptors. ........................................ .551
K.S. Leiser, R.R. Di Fiore, A.D. Cozzi, and D.E. Clark
Microwave Induced Reduction/Oxidation of Powders to Form
Ceramic-Metal Composites. .................................. .557
R.R. Di Fiore and D.E. Clark
Shock Synthesis of Materials: Effects of Starting Materials and
Shock Conditions .......................................... .563
T. Sekine
Shock Reactive Synthesis of Refractory Metal Aluminides
and Silicides .............................................. .573
T. Aizawa
X