Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials, Part 1 of 2: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 14, Issue 7/8

688 Pages·1993·57.373 MB·English

Cemmic
Engineering
& Science
Proceedings
JULY-AUGUST 1993
Proceedings of the
17th Annual Conference on
Composites and Advanced
Ceramic Materials
David C. Cranmer
Program Chair
January 10-15 ,1993
Cocoa Beach, FL
Published by
The American Ceramic Society
735 Ceramic Place
Westerville, OH 4308 1-6 136
Copyright 0 1993
The American Ceramic Society
ISSN 0 19 6-62 19
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officio; John Mum, ex officio, William Hammetter, ex officio.
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CESPDK Vol. 14, NO.7 -8, pp. 1-690, 1993
The American Ceramic Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and
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Each issue of Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings includes a
collection of technical articles in a general area of interest. These articles are of
practical value for the ceramic industries and the general public. The issues are
based on the proceedings of a conference. Both American Ceramic Society and
non-Society conferences provide these technical articles. Each issue is
organized by an editor who selects and edits material from the conference
proceedings. The opinions expressed are entirely those of the presentors. There
is no other review prior to publication.
The 17th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramics, held January
10-15, 1993, in Cocoa Beach, FL, was another in a series of successful meetings. One
hundred seventy-three papers and 33 posters were presented during the week-long
meeting, which had 561 registered attendees. This is a significant increase in attendance
over last year. One hundred thirty papers are presented in this proceedings, and another
27 are included in a separate volume published by ASTM, which cosponsored the
Symposium on Life Prediction Methodologies and Data for Ceramic Materials in
Advanced Applications-A Basis for Standards, a first for the Cocoa Beach conference.
The symposium was ably organized by Chuck Brinkman and Steve Duffy. The remaining
technical sessions primarily covered aspects of ceramic matrix composites. Another new
feature was the joint ECD/NICE/Florida Section symposium on "Industrial Perspectives
on Advanced Ceramics," organized by Diane Folz, which we hope to continue next year.
Professor David E. Clark presented the James I. Mueller Memorial Lecture, an excellent
review of "Microwave Processing-Present Status and Future Promise," which is
included in this proceedings. The lecture was followed by the plenary session, which
included presentations from the Department of Defense, NASA, DARPA, U.S. Army,
U.S. Air Force, and the Institute for Defense Analysis. The business panel session was
again organized by Ron Barks, and covered "The Business of Technology: Valuing
Ceramic Technology as an Asset." Thanks to Ron and his panelists for an excellent job.
ECD continued its best paper awards program. The winners are listed on the following
page. Victor Greenhut deserves a special thanks, along with all of the judges, for their
work in making the best paper competition a reality.
Finally, I would like to thank the session chairs for their efforts in making this a well-run
meeting, the student pages without whom it would not have been possible, all of the
reviewers (on and off site) for their efforts in helping pull this proceedings together, and
the many staff members of the American Ceramic Society (especially Bill Douglas, Jan
Graham, and Lori Kozey) without whom it would not have happened.
David C. Cranmer
Program Chair, Engineering Ceramics Division
...
111
Best Paper, Student Category:
First prize:
"Crack-Particle Interactions in Alumina-Iron Composites"
P.A. Trusty and J.A. Yeomans-University of Surrey
Second prize:
"Effect of Fiber Surface Cleaning Procedures on Tensile Strength of Sapphire Fibers"
E.R. Trumbauer, J.R. Hellmann, D.A. Koss, and D.A. Shelleman-Pennsylvania State University
Third prize:
"High-Temperature Compressive Test Methodology for Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composites"
P.D. Miller, T. Erturk, J. Fitz-Gerald, and W. Catron-University of Massachusetts at Lowell
Best Paper, Nonstudent Category:
First prize:
"Mechanism of Cu-AI2O3/Cu-AlNG as-Metal Eutetic Direct Bonding"
W.-L. Chiang, V.L. Greenhut, and D.J. Shanefield-Rutgers University
Second prize:
"Sic-Based Fibrous Monolithic Ceramics"
S. Baskaran, D. Popovic, and J.W. Halloran-University of Michigan
Third prize:
"Improved Fiber Coatings for NicalodSiC Composites"
R.A. Lowden, O.J. Schwarz, and K.L. More-Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Best Poster, Student Category:
First prize:
"Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites in ZrO and A1203-Based Systems"
C.J. Russo, H.M. Chan, M.P. Harmer, and G.A. Miller-Lhigh University
Second prize:
"Nucleation and Crystallization of Li20-2SiO in a 2.45-GHz Microwave Field"
A.D. Cozzi, Z. Fathi, R.L. Schulz, and D.E. dark-University of Florida
Third prize:
"Method for Obtaining Thermal Expansion Values for Low-Expansion Fibers Using a DuPont TMA"
T.L. Starr, D.P. Piotrowski, and G.R. Villalobos-Georgia Institute of Technology
Best Poster, Nonstudent Category:
First prize:
"Nondestructive Residual Stress Mapping in Ceramic-to-Metal Joints"
C.R. Hubbard, S.A. David, X.-L. Wang, and S. Spooner4akR idge National Laboratory
Second prize:
"Evaluation of Matrix Properties in Continuous-Fiber-ReinforcedC eramic Composites"
K.L. More and R.A. Lowden-Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Third prize:
"Topography Characterization of Ceramic Fibers"
P.D. Jero and J.L. Brown-Wright Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB
The titles given here are taken from the pmentations themselves as listed in the program. The final
NOTE:
submissions to the proceedings may have different titles, and may contain more, less, or different
information than the original presentations.
iv
~
17th Annual Conference on Composites and
Advanced Ceramic Materials
The James I. Mueller Memorial Lecture
...............
Microwave Processing: Present Status and Future Promise
3
D.E. Clark
Industrial Perspectives on Advanced Ceramics
Current Markets for Advanced Ceramics and Projections for
U.S. ................................................
FutureGrowth 25
Thomas Abraham
..........
Promising State-of-the-Art Technologies in Advanced Ceramics
.36
ReneB G. Ford
.............................
Critical Issues in Technology Transfer
.40
Vaidyanathan
P.N.
A Government Perspective on the Advanced Materials and Processing
..............................................
Program(AMPP)
46
David C. Cranmer
Testinp Methodologv and Standards
An Analytical Framework for Assessing the Enabling Opportunity of
............................................
Advanced Materials
.63
Jim F. Lemons, Jr., and Earle B. h e y
Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced
...........................................
Structural Ceramics .75
Jeffrey J. Swab, Michael J. Slavin, and George D. Quinn
An Axial/Torsional Test Method for Ceramic Matrix Composite
..............................................
Tubular Specimens
K Liao, J.J. Lesko, W.W. Stinchcomb, K.L. Reifsnider, and T.J. Dunyak
Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Room Temperature:
........................................
A VAMAS Round Robin .92
George D. Quinn
V
Fracture Toughness (& and ywor)o f a HIPed Si3N, at
.........................................
Elevated Temperatures 101
kk Wereszczak, M.K. Ferber, R.R. Sanders, M.G. Jenkins, and P. Khandelwal
Creep Behavior of Flexure Beam Specimens of Sic Whisker-Reinforced
..........................
Composite and Monolithic Silicon Nitrides 113
Sung R. Choi, Jonathan k Salem, and William A. Sanders
High-Temperature Compression Test Apparatus for Fiber-Reinforced
...........................................
Ceramic Composites 122
J.M. Fitz-Gerald, P.D. Miller, T. Ertiirk, W. Catron, and J. Milstein
Measurement of Interfacial Micromechanics in Fiber-Reinforced
.....................................
Ceramic Matrix Composites 131
A.M. Daniel and M.H.
Lewis
......
Interfacial Frictional Shear Stresses in Ceramic Matrix Composites
139
C.W. Lawrence and B. Derby
...........
A Comparison of Single- and Multi-Fiber Pushout Techniques
147
P.D. Jero, T.A. Parthasarathy, and Kerans
R.J.
Development of an Interfacial Test System for the Determination of
..........
Interfacial Properties in Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composites 156
A.A. Wereszczak, M.K. Ferber, and Lowden
R.A.
Evaluation of the Interfacial Mechanical Properties in Fiber-Reinforced
...........................................
Ceramic Composites 168
Ferber, A.k Wereszczak, Riester, R.k Lowden, and Chawla
M.K. L. K.K.
Evaluation of Thermal Residual Stresses in SiC/MLAS and SiC/SiC
..................
Composites by the Microindentation Push-Down Test
180
0. Sudre, B. Passilly, and M. Parlier
Evaluation of the Elastic and Plastic Properties of Si3N,
.........................b.y. ...........
Depth-Sensing Indentation 188
R. Berriche and Holt
R.T.
................
Shear Test and Shear Strength of Ceramic Composites
198
Carl Cm. Wu, Barry A. Bender, and Todd L. Jensen
...
Fiber Twist Test Apparatus To Measure Composite Interface Properties 206
William Chepolis and Turgay Ertiirk
vi
Method for Obtaining Thermal Expansion Values for Low-Expansion
.....................................
Fibers Using a DuPont TMA 213
D.P. Piotrowski, G.R. Villalobos, and T.L. Starr
Loading Effect on Interfacial Properties of Fiber-Reinforced
...................................
Borosilicate Glass Composites 221
M. Enoki, H. Tsuda, and T. Kishi
High-Temperature Interfacial Shear Strength Testing of Ceramic Matrix
..................................................
Composites 229
S. Kooner, C.W. Lawrence, and B. Derby
.................
Fatigue Crack Growth in Advanced Ceramic Materials 237
Raghuraman and J.F. Stubbins
S.
Desien, Lifetime. and Reliabilitv of Comwsites
Rough Fiber Pullout in Brittle Matrix Composites: Experiments and
..................................................
Simulations 249
Ckdric K Bhihe and Anthony G. Evans
Interfacial Sliding Stress Transfer Mechanism of Fiber-Reinforced
.....................................
Ceramic Matrix Composites 257
K. Sekine and Y. Kagawa
Fatigue and Fracture of an SiC/CAS Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced Glass-
.......
Ceramic Matrix Composite at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures 265
R.F. Allen and P. Bowen
..............................
Fracture Process Zone in SiC,/AI,O, 273
C.T. Yu and Kobayashi
AS.
.........................
Room Temperature Tensile Strength of AIN 282
R.N. Katz, G. Wechsler, H. Toutanji, D. Friel, Leatherman,
G.L.
T. El-Korchi, and W. Rafaniello
Thermomechanical Fatigue of NicalonKAS Under In-Phase and
....................................
Out-of-Phase Cyclic Loadings 292
D.W. Worthem and J. Rodney Ellis
vii
Li€e Prediction Methodologies and Data for Ceramic Materials
in Advanced Auulication+A for Standards
Basis
Silicon Nitride Tensile Strength Database from CTP Processing for
.............................................
Reliability Project
303
Michael R. Foley, Vimal K Pujari, Lenny C. Sales, and Dennis M. Tracey
Elevated Temperature Behavior of Sintered Silicon Nitride Under Pure
.....................................
Tension, Creep, and Fatigue 304
J. Sankar, S. Krishnaraj, R. Vaidyanathan, and AD. Kelkar
............
Structural Reliability of Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
305
George D. Quinn and Sheldon M. Wiederhorn
Predicting Creep Behavior of Silicon Nitride Components Using Finite
...........................................
Element Techniques
306
Jonathan A. Wade, Charles S. White, and Francisco J. Wu
Prediction of Creep Deformation of Ceramic Materials Based on the
.....................
Properties of Grain Boundary Amorphous Phase
307
J.L. Ding, KC. Liu, and C.R. Brinkman
Comparison of Tension and Flexure to Determine Fatigue Life Prediction
..............................
Parameters at Elevated Temperatures
308
Sung R. Choi, Jonathan A. Salem, and Joseph L. Palko
Mechanical Properties Data Requirements for Life Prediction
....................
Methodologies of Ceramic Materials Under Creep
309
KC. Liu, C.O. Stevens, and C.R. Brinkman
.......
The Numerical Evaluation of Failure Theories for Brittle Materials
310
J. Smart and
S.L. Fok
High-Temperature Life Prediction of Monolithic Silicon Carbide
........................................
Heat Exchanger Tubes
.312
M.J. Edwards, J.B. Sandifer, S.F. Duffy, and Brown 111
T.S.
.............
Monotonic and Cyclic Rupture of a Silicon Nitride Ceramic
314
Franpis Hild and Didier Marquis
Creep Lifetime Predictions on Continuous-Fiber-Reinforced
...........................................
Ceramic Composites
315
Tze-jer Chuang
...
Vlll
Methodology To Predict Delayed Failure Due To Slow Crack Growth in
.................
Ceramic Tubular Components from Simple Specimens
316
0. Jadaan
....
Designing for Brittle Materials: Accounting for Crack-Face Interaction
317
JAM. Boulet
Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Monolithic Ceramic Components
...................
Using the CARESLIFE Integrated Design Program
318
Noel N. Nemeth, Lynn M. Powers, and Lesley A. Janosik
........................
Weibull Estimators for Pooled Fracture Data
320
Curtis Johnson and William T. Tucker
A.
.......................
The Multiaxial Equivalent of Stressed Volume
321
William T. Tucker and Curtis A. Johnson
..............
Stress Analysis in Engineering Ceramics and Refractories
323
S. Sinnema, W.G.T. Kranendonk, and J. de Boer
WELFEP Results from a Round Robin for Weakest-Link Finite
.........................................
Element Postprocessors
324
L. Dortmans
Time-Dependent Strength Degradation and Reliability of an Alumina
..............................
Ceramic Subjected To Biaxial Flexure
325
Luen-Yuan Chao and Dinesh K Shetty
Probabilistic Failure Predictions in Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix
....................................
Fiber-Reinforced Composites
326
J. Lamon
Application of Mixed-Mode Fracture Criteria for Weakest-Link Failure
.................................
Prediction for Ceramic Materials
327
H.F. Scholten, L.J.M.G. Dortmans, and G. de With
...........
Life Prediction Methodology for Ceramic Engine Components
328
Pramod Khandelwal
Lifetime Prediction Under Constant and Cyclic Loading for
.............................................
Ceramic Materials
329
The0 Fett and Dietrich Munz
ix
Determination of Multimodal Defect Distributions for Use in Probabilistic
........................
Failure Theories of Load-Bearing Ceramics
,330
J. Margetson
Evaluation of Failure Probabilities of Multiaxially Loaded Components
...................................
Using the STAU Postprocessor
331
A. Briickner-Foit, A. Heger, and D. Mum
Environmental Effects on Composites
Role of Interfacial Gaseous Heat Transfer and Percolation in the
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Two Uniaxial Carbon-Fiber-
..............................
Reinforced Glass Matrix Composites
335
Kimberly Y. Donaldson, Hemanshu D. Bhatt, D.P.H. Hasselman,
K Chyung, and M.P. Taylor
The Effect of Sodium Sulfate the Room-Temperature Strength of an
on .................................
Yttria-Containing Silicon Nitride
341
G.L. Leatherman, R.N. Katz, G. Bartkowski, T. Chadwick, and D. King
....
Oxidation and Retained Strength of In Situ O'-p' SiAlON Composites 350
M.H. O'Brien, C.M. Huang, and D.N. Coon
Influence of Fiber Coatings on the Oxidation of Fiber-Reinforced Sic
..................................................
Composites
358
Tortorelli, S. Nijhawan, L. Riester, and R.A Lowden
P.F.
...............
Cyclic Oxidation of Monolithic Sic and Si,N, Materials
367
Elizabeth J. Opila, Dennis S. Fox, and Charles k Barrett
..................
Improved Fiber Coatings for NicalodSiC Composites
375
Richard A. Lowden, Otto J. Schwarz, and Karren L. More
Hot Corrosion of Two Nicalon-Fiber-Reinforced Glass-Ceramic
............................................
Matrix Composites
385
S-W. Wang, R.W. Kowalik, and R. Sands
Evaluation of a Candidate Material for a Coal-Fired Magnetohydrodynamic
...................
(MHD) High-Temperature Recuperative Air Heater
399
Winkler, N.B. Dahorte, and W. Boss
J.
Effects of Varying PO, on Subcritical Crack Growth in Continuous-Fiber-
..................................
Reinforced Ceramic Composites
408
C.H. Henager, Jr., and R.H. Jones
X