Proceedings of Electronics New Zealand Conference 2010

158 Pages·2010·23.01 MB·English

ENZCon 2010
Conference Proceedings
22nd - 23rd November
University of Waikato
Hamilton, New Zealand
Published by:
School of Engineering
The University of Waikato
http://eng.waikato.ac.nz/enzcon10/
Edited by:
Adrian Dorrington and Andrew Payne
School of Engineering
The University of Waikato
Private Bag 3105
Hamilton 3240
New Zealand
ISSN 1175-2351 (Print)
ISSN 1177-6951 (CD-ROM)
ISSN 2230-2239 (Online)
Copyright remains with the author(s) of each paper contained in these Proceedings. Please contact the
authors if you wish to reproduce their work. Responsibility for the contents of these articles rests upon the
authors and not the editors nor ENZCon Inc.
Sponsors:
RF Test Solutions
Nichecom Limited
ElectroTest Ltd
Hoare Research Software Ltb
Wireless Design
WaikatoLink Ltd.
Credits:
Cover photo: PMD3k Time-of-Flight Sensor, taken by Richard Conroy.
LaTeX editor: Refael Whyte
LateX scripting: Michael Cree
Printed by Waikato Print - November 2010
Copyright ⃝c 2010 Electronics New Zealand Conference
Welcome from Adrian Dorrington, Conference Chair
Welcome to the seventeenth Electronics New Zealand Conference, The University of Waikato,
and to Hamilton. We are delighted to host academics, students, and industry; and to provide
the opportunity for sharing knowledge, developing and maintaining contacts and collaborations,
and, of course, engaging in social activities.
We are pleased that the conference has returned to its home town for only the second time
since the inaugural event here in 1994. I’m sure that those who attended that first ENZCon can
attest to the progress that has been made. The University, Hamilton, and the Conference have
changed and matured greatly in the intervening sixteen years.
This year we are privileged to hear keynote presentations from two accomplished individuals
with experience both in academia and industry. Professors Jonathan Scott from the School of
Engineering at The University of Waikato and Ian Graham from Endace Limited. We also have
fifteen oral paper presentations and nine poster presentations submitted from eight institutions
country wide.
I wish to sincerely thank the conference organising committee, the reviewing committee, and
our trade exhibitors and sponsors. In particular, the conference would not have been possible
without the day-to-day organisational support from Andrew Payne, Richard Conroy, Robert
Larkins, Refael Whyte, and Stefanie Edler; or the financial support of our trade exhibitors RF
Test Solutions, Nichecom Limited, ElectroTest Limited, Wireless Design, and WaikatoLink Lim-
ited, as well as our sponsor Hoare Research Software Limited; and administration support from
various groups at The University of Waikato.
Adrian Dorrington
Convenor, ENZCon’10
i
Organising Committee
Adrian Dorrington (Chairman)
Richard Conroy
Michael Cree
Stefanie Edler
John Godbaz
Howell Round
Rainer Ku¨nnemeyer
Andrew Payne
Howell Round
Sadhana Talele
Refael Whyte
Programme Committee
Fakhrul Alam (Massey)
Donald Bailey (Massey)
Morteza Biglari-Abhari (Auckland)
Richard Blaikie (Canterbury)
Dale Carnegie (Victoria)
George Coghill (Auckland)
Dejan Djukic (Massey)
Pawel Dmochowski (Victoria)
Robin Dykstra (Victoria)
Colin Fox (Otago)
Gourab Sen Gupta (Massey)
Richard Harris (Massey)
Michael Hayes (Canterbury)
Patrick Hu (Auckland)
Nihal Kularatna (Waikato)
Rainer Knnemeyer (Waikato)
John Morris (Auckland)
Wyatt Page (Massey)
Howell Round (Waikato)
Jonathan Scott (Waikato)
Liqiong Tang (Massey)
Steve Weddell (Canterbury)
ii
Contents
Keynote 1 - Prof. Jonathan Scott
Electronics: A Potted History and a Glimpse of the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
J. Scott
Oral Session 1 - Applications
Analysis of Lighting System in an Educational Facility for Efficient Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
S. Kancherla, N. Yadla, D. Kacprazk
Communication System for Satellite Ground Station Using Software Defined Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
M. Abrar, X. Gui
Bus Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
H. Gulati
Oral Session 2 - Mechatronics
Quadrotor Helicopters for Visual Flight Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
J. Stowers, M. Hayes, A. Bainbridge-Smith
Embedded Linux Controlled Quadrotor Helicopter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A. Millane, M. Hayes, J. Stowers
Autonomous Anthropomorphic Robotic Arm using Vision and Colour to Monitor Plant Growth
in a Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
M. Seelye, G. Sen Gupta, J. Seelye
Simulation and Optimisation of a 2-DOF Parallel Planar Manipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B. P. Haughey, D. A. Carnegie
Oral Session 3 - Electronics
Design of a True 3D Digital Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
B. Vercoelen, C. Hollitt, R. Dykstra
Design of XOR gates in VLSI implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
N. Ahmad, R. Hasan
Scalable inductively coupled power transfer platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
D. Kacprzak, A. P. Hu, P. Raval
Design and Simulation of Biosensor for DNA Detection By CMOS Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
M. Alipour, R. Hasan
Oral Session 4 - Sensors & Instrumentation
Optimising antenna locations in large radio telescopes using iterative projection algorithms . . . . . . . 69
J. Chen, V. Elser, R. P. Millane
Cytometer: A Low Cost Approach Using an HD DVD Optical Pickup Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
R. P. Dayal, R. Ku¨nnemeyer
iii
Crack detection of eggshells using self-mixing phase locked interferometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
P. Shrestha, R. Ku¨nnemeyer
Tree Disk Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
S. Knopp, M. Hayes
Poster Session
A Flexible, Low-Power, Programmable Unsupervised Neural Network Based on Microcontrollers
for Medical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
R. D�lugosz, T. Tala´ska, P. Przedwojski, P. Dmochowski
Humanoid Service Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
P. Barlow, G. Sen Gupta, S. David
Parameter Tuned Digital Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
I. R. Scott, T. C. A. Molteno
Volume Measurement Using 3D Range Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
V. Shrivastava, M. J. Cree, A. A. Dorrington
Proof of Concept of Diffuse Optical Tomography Using Time-of-Flight Range Imaging Cameras . . . 115
A. Hassan, R. Ku¨nnemeyer, A. A. Dorrington, A. Payne
Performance Analysis of Microstrip Line Matching Network for 866 MHz UHF LNA . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
J. Li, R. Hasan
Intelligent Wireless Greenhouse Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
V. M. Quan, G. Sen Gupta, S. Mukhopadhyay
Mobile Traceable Robot for Large Area Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
M. B. Hitchings, G. Sen Gupta
Radio Astronomy and eVLBI using KAREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
S. D. Weston, T. Natusch, S. Gulyaev
iv
J. Scott, ‘Electronics: A Potted History and a Glimpse of the Future’, Proceedings of Electronics New Zealand
Conference 2010, pp. 1–2, Hamilton, New Zealand, December 2010.
Electronics: A Potted History and a Glimpse of the Future
⋆
Professor Jonathan B. Scott
⋆
School of Engineering, The University of Waikato
Hamilton, New Zealand.
Email:
2
1904
Diode Tube
1907 Triode Tube
Radio broadcasts
1919
FET patented
1934
1937 1st TV transmission
1946 Regular TV broadcast
1947 BJT invented (Germanium)
st
1961 1 IC (Germanium)
1965
Si overtakes Ge
st
1971 1 IC microprocessor
1980 GaAs transistors fastest
1985 Cray-2 Supercomputer
1990 Germanium vanishes
1997 InP ICs on sale
2000 Gallium-Nitride FETs
2008 Gallium-Nitride ICs
Vacuum
Germaniumum
Silicon
GaAs
InP
GaN
HAND MACHINE LITHOGRAPHIC
HAND LITHOGRAPHIC FOUNDRY
LITHO FOUNDRY
FOUNDRY
S. Kancherla, N. Yadla, D. Kacprazk, ‘Analysis of Lighting System in an Educational Facility for Efficient Light-
ing’, Proceedings of Electronics New Zealand Conference 2010, pp. 3–8, Hamilton, New Zealand, November 2010.
Analysis of Lighting System in an Educational Facility for Efficient Lighting

Spandana Kancherla, Neelima Yadla, Dariusz Kacprazk
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
The University of Auckland
Auckland, New Zealand
cial purposes. They come in various sizes as shown in curve for a luminaire that fits a 28W, T-5 fluorescent
Fig. 1 [4]. lamp.

38mm

26mm

16mm

[2]
Figure 1: Diameters of fluorescents lamps

T-5 lamps have higher efficacy and also higher main-
[7]
Figure 2: Candlepower distribution curve
tenance factor than T-8 lamps. This means that T-8’s
need to be more regularly replaced than T-5’s and there-
The candlepower distribution curve is a graph that shows
fore increases maintenance costs.
how the luminous intensity of a source from a luminaire
3.2 Ballast varies with direction. Luminous intensity is the concen-
tration of luminous flux emitted in a specific direction
Ballast is a control device that is used to start a lamp and [8]. The centre of the chart is the location of the light
control the electrical current during its operation. Fluo- source, the concentric circles indicate the light intensity
rescent lamps and HID lamps require ballast to operate. in candelas and the radiating lines are the angles at
They are available in two types, magnetic and electronic. which light is distributed. Important design decisions are
Magnetic ballasts are heavy and noisy. Electronic bal- made using the photometric data provided keeping the
lasts on the other hand are quieter, weigh less and some end users of the place in mind.
operate on high frequency power to improve the effi-
ciency of the lamp-ballast system [5]. 4 LIGHTING STANDARDS
3.3 Luminaire Regulations followed to design lighting systems are
called lighting standards. The lighting standards are offi-
A luminaire or a luminary is a lighting fitting that com- cial documents that set out the minimum electric lighting
prises of a light source (lamp) and connects the lamp to requirements for various places and various tasks. This
the power supply. The primary function of a luminaire is particular project followed Standards Australia, Stan-
to protect the lamps and ballast from dirt build-up and dards New Zealand and a specific European Standard
mechanical damage and to direct light to appropriate (EN12464). It was important to comply with the stan-
locations [6]. Depending on the type of interior they dards in the project to ensure that a safe and quality envi-
need to be used in and the lighting required for a task, a ronment was being designed. The standards are de-
luminaire with the appropriate distribution should be signed to acquire practical results as the work environ-
selected. Since the ECE department is an education fa- ment and user’s needs are taken into consideration. The
cility, most of the tasks are screen based and usually lighting system designed was based on the minimum
requires task lighting, i.e. direct form of light that lighting requirement values for offices and educational
enables its users to see the critical details of an activity. facilities, hence usage of surplus amount of illumination
was prevented and energy savings were obtained.
An important parameter to be considered when choosing
luminaries is the LOR of a luminaire. The Light Output The sections of the standards most relevant to the project
Ratio (LOR) takes the loss of light energy by the lumi- were interior and workplace lighting for specific applica-
naire into account. It is expressed as: tions, maintenance of lighting systems for indoor appli-
cations and safety standards. Table 1 adapted from dif-
Light output of luminaire
LOR = × 100 (1) ferent sections in the standards shows the minimum
Light output of lamp maintained illuminance values for different types of inte-
riors and activities.
From the above equation, it can be deduced that the
higher the LOR rating for a luminaire, the more efficient
it is. LOR ratings are provided by the luminaire manu-
factures as part of the photometric data of a luminaire.
This data is necessary because it is used to select lumi-
naries to use, specifies candlepower distribution curves
and other important parameters used to perform calcula-
tions and provide maintenance recommendations to
clients [3].Fig. 2 shows the candlepower distribution
4