Proceedings International Symposium on Marine Positioning: U.S. Geological Survey Reston, VA 22092 October 14–17,1986

463 Pages·1987·17.755 MB·English

by  Muneendra Kumar, George A. Maul (auth.)

PROCEEDINGS
International Symposium on
Marine Positioning
PROCEEDINGS
International Symposium
Marine Positioning
Symposium Directors:
Muneendra Kumar
Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
and
George A. Maul
AOMLlNOAA, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.
U.S. Geological Survey
Reston, VA 22092
October 14-17, 1986
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHTI BOSTON I LANCASTER I TOKYO
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Marine Positioning (1986: U.S. Geological Survey)
Proceedings.
1. Marine geodesy-Congresses. 2. Oceanographic instruments
Congresses. I. Kumar, Muneendra. II. Maul, George A. III. Title.
OB275.1587 1986 681'.755 87-9592
ISBN-13:978-94-010-8226-6 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-3885-4
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-3885-4
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland.
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In all other countries, sold and distributed
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All Rights Reserved
© 1987 by the Marine Technology Society
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
fncludina ohotocoovina. recordina or bv any information storaae and
PREFACE
The International Symposium on Marine Positioning (INSMAP) was conceived by the
Marine Geodesy Committee at OCEANS 84, Washington, DC. It became clear at that
time, that timing is appropriate to focus attention on individual specific problem
areas under the broad umbrella of Marine Geodesy. After scheduling INSMAP 86 by
the Marine Technology Society, we were fortunate to generate strong support from
our co-sponsor s. All their assis tance and support are gra tefully acknowledged.
Our special thanks are expressed to the U.S. Geological Survey; Charting and
Geodetic Services, NOS/NOAA; Office of Naval Research, and Naval Ocean Research
and Development Activity for their support through financial grants (ONR
No. N00014-86-G-0107, NOS/NOAA No. 40AANC601637, and USGS No. 14-08-0001-G1207) as
par tial funding to the INS MAP 86. We are al so gra teful to the U.S. Geological
Survey for providing the auditorium and other logistic support in making the
symposium a success.
A total of 165 persons attended INSMAP 86, of which 20 percent were from outside
the United States. Nine technical sessions and five special workshops were held
wi thin a four-day forma t.
Invited speakers included Dr. Alan Berman, Dean, Rosensteil School of Marine
and Atmospheric Sciences; RADM J. R. Seeshol tz, Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy;
RADM John D. Bossler, Director of Charting and Geodetic Services, NOS/NOAA;
Mr. Chris von Al t, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute; and RADM L. H. van Opstal,
Hydrographer of the Royal Dutch Navy.
These proceedings contain the written versions of the talks, presentations, and
the reports as submitted by the authors or workshop chairpersons. A few papers
have also been included (with appropria te footnotes) which were submitted but
could not be presented at the INSMAP 86 due to last minute exigencies.
We acknowledge with gratitude the support of all of the committee members,
advisors, authors, chairpersons, and participants of INSMAP 86, and are very
grateful to the National Geodetic Survey's editor, Mrs. Eleanor Andree, for her
effort in organizing these proceedings.
George A. Maul
Muneendra Kumar
Symposium Co-Directors
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
General Chairperson Publicity Coordinator
RADM John D. Bossler CDR Max Ethridge
Symposium Directors Audio/Visual Coordinator
Dr. Muneendra Kumar Dr. Robert Rowland
Dr. George A. Maul
Hospitality Coordinator
Tech. Prog. Coordinator
Mr. John G. Gergen
Dr. George A. Maul
Publication Coordinator
Registration Coordinators
Mr. Stanislaw Grzeda
Dr. Roop Malhotra
Mr. James McNamara Proceedings Editor
Budge t Direc tor Ms. Eleanor Andree
CAPT Scott E. Drummond Exhibi ts Coord ina tor
Admin. Coordinators Mr. Morris Glenn
Dr. Bonnie McGrego
MAJ Mark Breach
ADVISORS
USA In terna tional
Mr. O. W. Williams Prof. D. E. Wells
Dr. W. J. Klepczynski Prof. Gunter Seeber
Mr. R. J. Beaton Dr. J. C. Blankenburgh
CAPT N. H. Keeler Prof. A. Stolz
Dr. Richard Swim Pro f. D. M. Fuba ra
Dr. N. A. Renzetti Dr. J. Rais
Dr. Ross Stein Prof. F. Fajemirokun
Dr. George DuPont Dr. Minoru Sasaki
Dr. Don Perkins Prof. Su-yen Chain
Mr. Carl Savit Dr. M. G. Arur
Dr. Eugene Silva Prof. J. B. Andrade
Dr. James Collins Prof. H. G. Henneberg
Dr. Javad Ashjaee Prof. E. J. Krakiwsky
TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Dr. K.l. Daugherty, Chairperson
Dr. Muneendra Kumar, Co-Chairperson
Prof. 1. 1. Mueller Prof. C. N. K. Mooers Dr. Gary Hill Dr. Carl Bowin
Prof. B. D. Tapley CAPT John Fuechsel Dr. George Born Dr. William Ryan
Prof. Fred Spiess CAPT P. J. Kies Dr. Lanny Yeske Dr. Tom Rossby
Prof. N. K. Saxena Mr. Herb Johnson Dr. Paul Perreaul t Dr. Tom Curtin
vi
SPONSORING ORGANIZATION
Marine Geodesy Committee,
Marine Technology Society
CO-SPONSORS
International Association of Geodesy
International Hydrographic Office
National Research Council
American Geophysical Union
Ins ti tu te of Na v iga tion
Join t Oceanographic Ins ti tu te
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers/
Oceanic Engineering Society
American Congress on Surveying and Mapping
Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Service
American Society of Civil Engineers
The Hydrographic Society
U.S. Depar tmen t of Transpor ta titon
U.S. Navy
Office of Naval Research
Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
Defense Mapping Agency
U.S. Geological Survey
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/
Na tiona! Ocean Service
U.S. Coast Guard
vii
CONTENTS
Preface. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • . . • . . . • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• iii
Acknowledgments. • • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . . • • . . . . . . • . • • • • . • • • • . . . . i v
Keynote Speech
A. Berman ••••••.••.••••.•..••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••...•.•.••.••••••.•.
SESSION 1. INSTRUMENTATION IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT I
Chairperson: M. Sasaki
Sea Beam Mapping Systems
J. Miller, R. Tyce, and R. Edwards............ .................. ........... 7
Starfix: A New High-PreciSion Satellite Positioning System
A. R. Dennis............................................................... 17
The Hydrorange Acoustic System for Seismic Streamer Tracking for INSMAP 86
A. W. Marchal.............................................................. 31
New Technology and Proven Techniques Combine To Provide Dynamic Precise
Positioning
P. K. Dano................................................................. 49
SESSION 2. INSTRUMENTATION IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT II
Chairperson: A. Stolz
Lasers and Nearshore Positioning
A. Sprent.................................................................. 59
Polarimetric Radar for Accurate Navigation
S. Haykin.................................................................. 69
Japanese Geodetic Satellite for Expansion of Marine Control
M. Sasaki.................................................................. 77
Evaluation of a Large Ship GPS System: Direct Computation and
Dynamic Differential
J. Clynchl W. Harper, and J. E. French ..................................... 87
Optimum Utilization of Positioning Data in SDS III
G. C. Guenther and R. W. L. Thomas......................................... 97
SESSION 3. GPS IN MARINE POSITIONING I
Chairperson: B. Tapley
GPS Marine Kinematic Positioning--Accuracy and Reliability
G. Lachapelle, M. Casey, M. Eaton, A. Kleusberg, J. Tranquilla,
and D. Wells •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•...••.•..•.••••..•.•.••••••••• 113
Demonstration of the Combined Use of GPS Pseudorange and Doppler Measurements
for Improved Dynamic Positioning
S. L. Meyerhoff and A. G. Evans............................................ 149
x CONTENTS
Accurate Positioning of Marine Vessels Using GPS
I. N. Durboraw, III •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 157
Evaluation and Correction of Loran-C Positions in Comparison with GPS Data
T. Furuta, H. Fujimoto, V. Renard, J. P. Allenou, and G. Riou •••••••••••••• 165
GPS-Aided Inertial Positioning in Irregular Ocean Gravity Fields
E. Groten and D. Keller •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 173
SESSION 4. GPS IN MARINE POSITIONING II
Chairperson: G. H. Born
Precise GPS-Aided Marine Positioning Developments and Results
G. Seeber, A. Schuchardt, and G. WGbbena ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 187
A Dual-Band Interferometric GPS Marine Navigation System
C. C. Counselman, III and J. W. Ladd ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 197
Codeless GPS Positioning
P. F. MacDoran, J. H. Whitcomb, R. B. Miller, L. A. Buennagel, and
J. H. Lower................................................................ 215
Decimeter GPS Positioning for Surface Element of Sea Floor Geodesy System
L. E. Young, S. C. Wu, and T. H. Dixon ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 223
Performance Appraisal of an ARGO Calibration System Using GPS
T. D. Rulon and K. A. Berstis .............................................. 233
SESSION 5. MARINE MAPPING AND CHARTING I
Chairperson: Capt. P. J. Kies, USN
NAVGRAV, A Comprehensive Combined Navigation and Gravimetry Experiment on
the North Sea; Objectives and First Experiences
M. A. Salzmann, G. J. Husti, G. L. Strang van Hees, and P. J. G. Teunissen. 243
Mapping Nuclear Craters on Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands
J. C. Hampson, Jr •••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••..••••.••.••••••••••••••••••• 249
Sea Floor Mapping Using Gloria Digital Techniques
J. W. Schoonmaker, Jr. and B. A. McGregor •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 259
Horizontal Datum Anomalies on Nautical Charts: A Solution
O. E. Stembel, Jr ........•.•..•••....•.....................•••........•...• 265
AFTERNOON BANQUET
The Role of GPS in Naval Oceanography
R.Adm. J. R. Seesholtz, USN (Guest Speaker) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 275
CONTENTS XI
SESSION 6: MARINE MAPPING AND CHARTING II
Chairperson: B. A. McGregor
The Canadian Hydrographic Service Experiment in Electronic Chart
Distribution
G. Morse and M. Casey...................................................... 279
The MAPGEN Cartographic System
G. I. Evenden.............................................................. 285
Continental Margin Mapping Project and Cartographic Management Information
System for the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone
E. C. Escowitz .. "." .. "" ......... ". ............. ". . "."" .. "." .... "." .. "." .. ". 295
Predictive Loran-C Positioning in the Marine Environment Using Area
Modeling for Real Time Propagation Corrections
J. R. Johler ... ". . "." .............................•......................... 297
SESSION 7: POSITIONING IN OCEANOGRAPHY
Chairperson: A. Gallegos
The RAFOS Navigation System
H. T. Rossby ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 311
Integrating Marine Navigational Systems in Post Cruise Processing
P. Buhl and P. Manning ..................................................... 313
A New Sound Velocity Measurement System
M. C. McIntyre and D. E. Boegeman ........................................... 317
Evolution of Position-Locating System on Data Buoys
P. J. Kies and D. W. Mahar ................................................. 327
Seafloor Benchmark Positioning System Experiment Interim Report
L. Q. Spielvogel, N. K. Saxena, and S. P. Tucker ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 337
SESSION 8: CALIBRATION AND INTERCOMPARISON
Chairperson: H. G. Henneberg
Calibration of a Range to Range Loran Chain with the Use of Global
Positioning System
M. Le Gouic •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• 349
Current Issues in Expressing Uncertainty of Position in GPS Navigation
S. Mertikas, C. Field, and D. E. Wells ..................................... 357
Computing the ,Heading Effect at M.F. and L.F. Position Fixing
C. D. de Jong and J. C. de Munck ........................................... 371
The Use of Calibrated and Monitored Loran as a Means for Precision
Vessel Location
M. Rogoff.................................................................. 377
Accuracy of Multiple Lines of Position for Hydrography
. S. P. De BOW, Jr., N. Saxena, and G. R. Schaefer •••••••••...•••...••••••••• 385
xii CONTENTS
SESSION 9: APPLICATIONS/REQUIREMENTS
Chairperson: E. Groten
Monumenting Marine Control
N. Saxena •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 395
Navigation for Surveys of Trans-Pacific Fiber-Optic Cables
A. Shor and D. Chayes •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 397
Detailed Structural Mapping of an Ocean Rift Using Acoustic-Transponder
Positioning: Problems of Net Maintenance (1981-86) and New Experiments
Possible with Long-Life Transponders
W. R. Normark and J. L. Morton ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 407
High Accuracy Marine Positioning for Dredging Surveys at the Port of
Hamburg
D. Mackenthun and R. Muller................................................ 409
Position Changes in Marine Areas
H. G. Henneberg •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 415
EVENING BANQUET
Guest Speaker: R.Adm. J. D. Bossler, NOAA Corps
PLENARY SESSION
Chairperson: G. A. Maul
CLOSING SESSION
Chairperson: Capt. J. L. Hammer, III, USN
The Titanic Operations
C. J. von Alt, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
Closing Remarks
R.Adm. L. H. van Opstal, Royal Dutch Navy
WORKSHOPS
I. Potential, Problems, and Projected Directions in the Oceanographic
Applications of Sea Level Measurements from Satellite Altimetry
J. L. Mitchell ....................................................... 433
II. Precise Marine Positioning for Geodesy/Geophysics
G. Seeber, Chairperson ..................•...................•........ 443
III. GPS Applications in Oceanography
C. N. K. Mooers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 453
IV. Instrumentation
J. Ashjaee and P. P. Perreault ..................................... 457
V. Positioning in Marine Mapping and Charting
G. W. Hill.......................................................... 463
LIST OF REGISTERED PARTICIPANTS .•......••••••........•.•..........•.........• 465