Problems of Han Administration: Ancestral Rites, Weights and Measures, and the Means of Protest PDF
Preview Problems of Han Administration: Ancestral Rites, Weights and Measures, and the Means of Protest
i Problems of Han Administration ©© kKoonniinnkklliijjkkee bBrriillll nNvV,, lLeeiiddeenn,, 22001166 || ddooii 1100..11116633//99778899000044237146930308__000011 ii China Studies Published for the Institute for Chinese Studies, University of Oxford Edited by Micah Muscolino VOLUME 33 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/chs iii Problems of Han Administration Ancestral Rites, Weights and Measures, and the Means of Protest By Michael Loewe LEIDEN | BOSTON iv Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Loewe, Michael. Title: Problems of Han administration : ancestral rites, weights and measures, and the means of protest / by Michael Loewe. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2016. | Series: China studies, ISSN 1570-1344 ; volume 33 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016009148 (print) | LCCN 2016013211 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004314887 (hardback : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9789004314900 (e-book) | ISBN 9789004314900 (E-book) Subjects: LCSH: China--History--Han dynasty, 202 B.C.-220 A.D. | China--Politics and government--221 B.C.-220 A.D. | China--Social life and customs--221 B.C.-960 A.D. | Imperialism--Social aspects--China--History--To 1500. | China--Kings and rulers--Family relationships--History. | Genealogy--Political aspects--China--History--To 1500. | Rites and ceremonies--China--History--To 1500. | Weights and measures--China--History--To 1500. | Protest movements--China--History--To 1500. | Critics--China--History--To 1500. Classification: LCC DS748.13 .L59 2016 (print) | LCC DS748.13 (ebook) | DDC 931/.04--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016009148 Want or need Open Access? Brill Open offers you the choice to make your research freely accessible online in exchange for a publication charge. Review your various options on brill.com/brill-open. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1570-1344 isbn 978-90-04-31488-7 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-31490-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. ContentCsontents v Contents List of Figures and Tables ix List of Abbreviations x Part 1 The Concept of zhaomu and Its Place in the Services to Imperial Ancestors from Chunqiu Times to Qing Introduction to Part 1 1 1 The Concept and Application of zhaomu 4 2 The Two Series of Imperial Cults 15 a Practice in Western Han 15 b Practice in Eastern Han 17 3 Zhaomu from Pre-Imperial Times to Eastern Han 36 a Zhaomu in Pre-Imperial Times 36 b Zhaomu in Western Han 45 c The Shrines Set up by Wang Mang 56 d Zhaomu in Eastern Han 62 4 Zhaomu from the Three Kingdoms to the Close of Qing 74 a The Three Kingdoms 75 b Western and Eastern Jin 75 c Northern Wei and Liu-Song 79 d The Sui and Tang Dynasties 84 e The Five Dynasties 87 g The Jin and Yuan Dynasties 90 h The Ming and Qing Dynasties 91 Summary 93 5 The Sites for Imperial Tombs 97 a Spatial Relationships 97 b Emperors of Western Han 99 c Emperors of Eastern Han 103 vi Contents 6 The Ming tang 108 Appendix to Part 1 115 a Passages from Primary Sources 115 b A Passage Cited in Han shu 73, p. 3118, Han shu bu zhu 73.12a 124 c Dynastic Lines of Descent 126 i The Descendants of Huangdi, and the Five Sovereigns 126 ii The Ancestry Claimed by Wang Mang 127 iii Guangwudi’s Line of Descent 128 iv Yuandi’s Descendants 129 v The Emperors of Western and Eastern Jin 晉 and their ancestors 129 vi The Emperors of Northern Wei and Their Ancestors 130 vii Ancestry of the Tang Emperors 131 viii The Jin 金 Emperors 132 List of Works Cited Part 1 133 Part 2 The Standardisation of Weights and Measures; Inscriptions on Bronze Vessels of the Han Dynasty and the Jia liang hu Made for Wang Mang Introduction to Part 2 145 1 Sources of Information 147 a Literary Sources 147 i The Standard Histories 147 ii A Mathematical Treatise 151 iii Records of Practice 152 b Material Evidence 153 2 The Standardisation of Weights and Measures 155 3 The Evidence of Han shu 21 168 4 Inscriptions of the Zhan guo, Qin and Han Periods 177 a Inscriptions and Their Purposes 177 b Inscriptions of the Kingdom and Emperors of Qin 179 Contents vii c Statutory Provisions 184 d Weights 185 e Footrules 186 f Descriptive Inscriptions 187 i Office or Place of Manufacture 187 ii Artisans 188 iii Numbers 189 iv Specifications of Size 191 v Ownership, Place of Assignment 192 vi Special Items 198 vii Cases of Doubtful Authenticity 203 viii Multiple Inscriptions 215 g Messages of Goodwill 215 5 The Jia liang hu 嘉量斛 217 a History of the Vessel 217 b Inscriptions on the Jia liang hu 224 c The Principal Inscription 227 d The Five Minor Inscriptions 232 6 The Wei dou Vessel 237 Conclusion 240 Appendix to Part 2 242 a The Identification of Zheng shi 鄭氏 242 b The Twelve Pitch-Pipes 245 c The Writings of Liu Xin 劉歆 (46 BCE to 23 CE) 247 d Scales and Systems 251 e The Use of shi 石 and hu 斛 as Units of Capacity, and the Pronunciation of 石 254 List of Works Cited Part 2 260 Part 3 Protest and Criticism in the Han Empire Introduction to Part 3 275 1 Occasions for Criticism 278 viii Contents 2 Types of Argument and the Means of Taking Action 282 i Refusal to Serve 286 CCLLPTICTi v CTaCIaLPPI1CZaefgh CTaiivvibefiiivvvCTaCTC A ae2iiv34 67LI b CZabcdbcdbcCTAabciivLPTICSaiiCTCTbcdivgbcdbcdi5iiviivv i i i i nnnnn i i ii ii o aaaiiiii iiii r hhhhhhhhhhhhoohhhhhhhohhhhhpp i i iisssss tstdtorrru i ieeeeeeeeeeaannnaaaaaaaaaaaatttttpprrrc tttte rooo ppppppppppppoo ttcroooooeeeTCCSJWMSSExc132eeidddilmmttttttttttttsnnfffffittwevp auoonneeeeeeeeeeeett aaeuuuiddWWWFAsiet nnnsrrrrrrrrrrrruuottinndalccc iiiis issio3boccgd 124455636123xxngtttoeooodda S ff2ffiiieebn rru onnrrrdaaoooteon Pt1ooppIkkkrasuorrrcr nnnrganveCmme ttddsssin e or I eVPvf shtttoarii CCCtmgof os ssioooaei tPnaf uat r2 aaiiithfrs opintttrmdPPPthz tttsc嘉eeeeHeifii ehdaaa eeoi1 1oodddA -aIrsT rrr0laa InmTnnZ tim量tttpmPPP8ohnai sa ho132paaaooml1p r b p s 2 i1an斛errrlTffen5hlie3tttu en oecWWrx u7r1 231 t21ias mKaig ah4 7aeet21nlui5ie5b4lii n1o2 dggCo 1 T7s32iHgn3hh x1 ,u16iI d3 m7ttQatlo107ssostn69f is emaaPn 8 7zEsnnl hsaamtdd o1nact 5opMMe odE im tiraHeenhesaau eattsse nhuuCr errnPl4ee oSe ssHser; ei raIo vnond1ifs 5cs cQ5e rs3ii pn6t1o7tgi7 oImn7sp4 oenri aBlr Aonnzcee sVteosrsse flrso omf tChheu Hnaqniu D TyinmaesOIASPTZTNTTSGYTRWDNSSMTCASOTALTPTCTTTAFAOTAPCPSSPSTTISJGXTSSZZTTWNSEEPADTATLTMIISOCMHITTTTRCstnnnnnieuppceeeeeuptouaaiiyrurrmmhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhee yooriaranp r noouueyarcwfi tateeveauFMFPcsssaaaaarrrrraiisrspfotGmpeeaacfi bseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooaaanncnsorrp cmattccctiavvvvvoissitgiutccctsauuppl lsEnecctontettcceiri m gadus祫l e eetoooiouncctsrrra aeaniiiiiTTWSSJMEFRFAEUGzjSDJSPIiottticsmrsQcchhsicanniieecsmeaerisrercccccbhiiinsdiaaiirdsseiiitllcmmmstrufangs igoapiuhtaiiwndii hppprimmduenni iurrruuccceeenario nisreeeeeeccai th otiylgtssevvaot niapsieoroe la iwaolat郊looycdnsliprAn rns aeeeua’srttt告rrisann l stt ssmmssssssnoruuu ce ee isRseerfntiee gfnbsa金rIttcirpphrnyaatliii oueonnn iirr tai lyiic olegngh as Sune cl dtasgooosiosy o c e oo m oii attttx oo Da enissdD rAttiEemMDeevfifPfidiiIPvln e e s DnnS祀rL n oooo o tnotsd en祠 idnWoonnn ei Pipf atn nntr nns fn onl innaa od errieCoo vCiIpnSmotof tatotlrdea isna oK f1f y usEig s1oniSdoiff,oo rnssstPWiaiW ioESEtfs hnrhnJsrd g d ori8 e ff cwfW’a8EsPn dtuoocithen a P1nhmI oYs h 1it so宗Prdydymnhocinc d9Tfrr’aOuS s rtacZuaiGaaooeic ee8dr5rarnsi8 IlhWa8nE cPi roffiaasbEeuvioessoeesaec arfe eeelo f3Lneavi iinn cpseern3 sCfn9m t eh H I禘6te23afaCsS at eiRnspaoT dVfgan i sdaslttts crPnQr aoa nlctetoo nPf祀 石ufniizpasn 0eeIicdsrlic-odt14sfhht cnioatontl tsdreEes2n iool eeettcrins aiihmtIf tTrsIaeeueic4ffha1uhnrLegiesml rcsi tFiidt2 etfits0s nuifheerremu6odt T ndsoiren9dtdmn heaeznonnTiit-ac en rr-cuieSt rrilWN apt eimed a9nm oiDa2spoM DrHpegm PosDin eata nr8ioms no suetnwonse itn rgEReg hrizAt2REao Lrnnen3pco o hn 1He: pprsd eorncztK li nfenibn Ssyfn 2 H ed rs nayo u4geJ8selhsslipafaiinX mHpeziehmD a fue HHserest es rii r si nseEdHuyosHl snrati A* g sT7ni 61ms’ne7i ndhttaaHatt trDile E Eru ntsZJrim2stryar8a5py c 2Haanan e-a a pihuia1ainishWn5ogepus nadh us s ev34o a2syS mgah5nn7R3neal1ePb5onansnt1ls2 sMSsss ee 3i r nrea iesaiu17 n8 fs2 9r19odiln2t1劉2tnns1St kne i atyfS1eauan(c o t11rar0o2 3o1宗nt9nhp5i eng 4Ei 7cTh1 7gn1o3lino ao2 snsthi een斛h Cenrcu1 111nWdou5r17n2Pteg2 2eug am 2t1ei3md5pg94nrssg歆t srn1烝g76lirg12m7ri4nysW3nr7nndo祀mn1s y4 u c8 i 75eeoc5g 2a i72tMo1 59 n 8ps5 M w ii tta H5h9d7(o10re s8a 2os3neS論 ,et1hre4f ,i2eefe s 9 3e su y(cno9e7,ss7ea8oraiu gcnEaGi2 6 rs 4 1 s i2 pU9a 0r rn4dvn aio8Dn 7 )3鄭sta1 M6aas 賦2 n9.e Wnm d72祠rn 2 2sg Een o13111sr3s2B8t2d a4 8i1氏3s1ezt m1 de a6)t025aCo21n17 7ht,21usi 1Trn 9834rt8gfyT75E 0gpne5 u oh2, g3ni 9CuT h 6e nH2tcFf 0eJsMaeohre i8t i5iC:onLak 2ii vr 1a7礿P2ora2 rna4iu enA 晉n3asnn7Pp2 og S sr nggo Craayoht’oa o cfcnnAaEafvun ebinQ ne)dcetI s l brymgdt retics,ineo u m ohhTap1i2r n8gzinhase4sp1n h ndr9e71 isui 7gat*r912 9hl 嘗733A 8Te3032no .1P 1 cm22re6aobs 3nts2ou a1rn2nsc 4dia S1th2io9rnin oefs 石1 2254 34567 CCTTCiiiv iivhh rro i iieenttiim cRccliiAALPPeuesssaisusmm FFu Girbaouutl lnuootininncsc dffa ucc oA aOttnIliifanncood3f Prft cnn1 Eii C4riIco dmonoohinaefftce p elnittnsdshhet teFr2see on a9 oRE3rt3nfss h03 s C11aa3p2ry23i9s t9(1o4i1l1cduiyns m( 論fu )賦 30)5 289287 List of Works Cited Part 3 317 Index 321 List of FLiigsut roefs Faingdu Traebsl easnd Tables ix List of Figures and Tables Figures Part 1 1.1 a, b Tombs of the Western and Eastern Han emperors 104 1.2 The shrines erected by Wang Mang. For identification of sites F 1 to F 12, see Figure 3 and pp. 62–6 below 105 1.3 Identification of Wang Mang’s shrines, as reconstructed 106 Part 2 2.1 The Jia liang hu; height 25.6 cm, diameter 33 cm 205 2.2 Vessel bearing the inscription for the twenty-sixth year of the First Qin Emperor; (a) length 24.6 cm, capacity 490 ml.; (b) length 20.8 cm, capacity 495 ml 205 2.3 Bronze urn with inscription dated 3 BCE (dimensions not available). See p. 204 below for the inscription 206 2.4 Inscriptions on two tripods dated 53 and 52 BCE (dimensions not available). These read: (a) Tripod of bronze, of the Cheng’an Palace; capacity 1 dou; weight when fitted with lid 10 jin 2 liang; first year of Ganlu [53 BCE]; made by the artisan and supervisor. (b) Tripod of bronze, of the Cheng’an Palace; capacity 1 dou; weight 14 jin; second year of Ganlu [52 BCE]; made by Fu, assistant at Ancheng, Lu, clerk, Xuan, magistrate’s clerk (acting), Shi artisan; no. 5. (Cheng’an Palace and Ancheng are unidentified) 207 2.5 Inscriptions on vessels from tomb M 1, Mancheng (113 BCE), with details of capacity, weight, date and number 208 2.6 The Twelve pitch-pipes as found in tomb no. 1 Mawangdui (168 BCE). Replicas, of reed; lengths of the pipes between 10.8 and 17.6 cm 209 2.7 (a) The 81 character long inscription on the Jia liang hu 209 (b) Inscriptions for the sheng and ge measures 210 2.8 Luo Zhenyu’s rubbings of the inscriptions of the Jia liang hu; see p. 224 note 41 211 2.9 Reconstructions of the vessel described in the Han shu; from Lü lu gu yi (1791) 2.10b, 11a 212 Tables 2.1 Weights and measures of Western Han 166 2.2 Dimensions of the Five Measures of Capacity 233 2.3 The Twelve Pitch-Pipes 246 x List of Abbreviations List Of Abbreviations List of Abbreviations Part 1 Archaeological Discovery Liu Qingzhu 劉慶柱, ‘Archaeological Discovery and Research into the Layout of the Palaces and Ancestral Shrines of Han Dynasty Chang’an’ BMFEA Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities Bureaucracy Bielenstein, The Bureaucracy of Han times Crisis and Conflict Loewe, Crisis and Conflict in Han China Drilling Report Xi Han di ling zuan tan diaocha baogao Excavation Report Xi Han lizhi jianzhu yizhi ECTBG Early Chinese texts a Bibliographical guide HHS Hou Han shu HHSJJ Hou Han shu jijie HNZ Huainanzi HS Han shu HSBZ Han shu bu zhu JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society KGYWW Kaogu yu wen wu Legge The Chinese Classics Men who Governed Loewe, The Men Who Governed Han China MH Chavannes, Les Mémoires historiques de Se-ma Ts ien SBBY Sibu beiyao SBCK Sibu cong kan SJ Shi ji Tjan Tjan Tjoe Som, Po Hu T’ung The comprehensive discussions in the White Tiger Hall TP T’oung Pao WW Wen wu Part 2 Biographical Dictionary Loewe, A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han and Xin Periods (221 BC–AD 24) CQFL Chunqiu fanlu Dong Zhongshu Loewe, Dong Zhongshu a ‘Confucian’ Heritage and the Chunqiu fanlu
Description:The list of books you might like
