Pro-Social and Anti-Social Behaviour (Routledge Modular Psychology) PDF
Preview Pro-Social and Anti-Social Behaviour (Routledge Modular Psychology)
Pro-Social and Anti-Social Behaviour This book describes the nature and causes of pro-social and anti- social behaviour. It is an introductory level text aimed at students new to this area of Social Psychology. Topics covered include social psychological theories of aggression, altruism and bystander behaviour, and media influences on pro-social and anti-social behaviour. Each section includes information on research carried out in these areas of study. David Clarke teaches A level psychology and is an A level examiner. Since 1993 he has been a principal examiner for the OCR examining board. Routledge Modular Psychology Series editors: Cara Flanagan is a Reviser for AS and A2 level Psychology and an experienced teacher and examiner. Philip Banyard is Associate Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Nottingham Trent University and a Chief Examiner for AS and A2 level Psychology. Both are experienced writers. The Routledge Modular Psychology series is a completely new approach to introductory-level psychology, tailor-made to the new modular style of teaching. Each short book covers a topic in more detail than any large textbook can, allowing teacher and student to select material exactly to suit any particular course or project. The books have been written especially for those students new to higher-level study, whether at school, college or university. They include specially designed features to help with technique, such as a model essay at an average level with an examiners comments to show how extra marks can be gained. The authors are all examiners and teachers at the introductory level. The Routledge Modular Psychology texts are all user-friendly and accessible and use the following features: • practice essays with specialist commentary to show how to achieve a higher grade • chapter summaries to assist with revision • progress and review exercises • glossary of key terms • summaries of key research • further reading to stimulate ongoing study and research • cross-referencing to other books in the series For more details on our AS, A2 and Routledge Modular Psychology publications visit our website at www.a-levelpsychology.co.uk Also available in this series (titles listed by syllabus section): ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR Psychopathology John D.Stirling and Jonathan S.E.Hellewell Therapeutic Approaches in Psychology Susan Cave Classification and Diagnosis of Abnormal Psychology Susan Cave BIO-PSYCHOLOGY Cortical Functions John Stirling The Physiological Basis of Behaviour: Neural and hormonal processes Kevin Silber Awareness: Biorhythms, sleep and dreaming Evie Bentley COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Memory and Forgetting John Henderson Perception: Theory, development and organisation Paul Rookes and Jane Willson Attention and Pattern Recognition Nick Lund Language and Thought Nick Lund DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Early Socialisation: Sociability and attachment Cara Flanagan Social and Personality Development Tina Abbott PERSPECTIVES AND RESEARCH Controversies in Psychology Philip Banyard Ethical Issues and Guidelines in Psychology Cara Flanagan and Philip Banyard (forthcoming) iv Introducing Research and Data in Psychology: A guide to methods and analysis Ann Searle Theoretical Approaches in Psychology Matt Jarvis Debates in Psychology Andy Bell SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Social Influences Kevin Wren Interpersonal Relationships Diana Dwyer Social Cognition Donald C.Pennington COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY Determinants of Animal Behaviour JoAnne Cartwright Evolutionary Explanations of Human Behaviour John Cartwright Animal Cognition Nick Lund OTHER TITLES Sport Psychology Matt Jarvis Health Psychology Anthony Curtis Psychology and Work Christine Hodson Psychology and Education Susan Bentham Psychology and Crime David Putwain and Aidan Sammons STUDY GUIDE Exam Success in AQA(A) Psychology Paul Humphreys (forthcoming) To Victoria, Rachael and James without whose help this book, and most other things in my life, would have been impossible to achieve. Pro-Social andAnti- Social Behaviour David Clarke LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2003 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2003 David Clarke Paperback cover design by Anú Design All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clarke, David, 1958– Pro-social and anti-social behaviour/David Clarke. p. cm.—(Routledge modular psychology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-22760-7 (hbk)—ISBN 0-415-22761-5 (pbk.) 1. Interpersonal relations. 2. Interpersonal conflict. 3. Social psychology. 4. Human behavior. I. Title. II. Series. HM1106.C49 2003 302–dc21 2003000279 ISBN 0-203-41411-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-41433-0 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-22760-7 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-22761-5 (pbk) Contents List of illustrations xv Acknowledgements xvii 1 Introducing pro-social and anti-social 1 behaviour Introducing pro-social behaviour 2 Real-life examples 3 Why help others? 4 The Kitty Genovese tragedy 5 Defining pro-social behaviour 5 Introducing anti-social behaviour 7 Hostile and instrumental aggression 7 Anti-social aggression 8 Pro-social aggression 10 Sanctioned aggression 10 Psychological approaches to pro-social 11 behaviour Psychological approaches to anti-social 11 behaviour Section I PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 14 2 Traditional explanations of pro-social 15 behaviour ix Biological explanations 15 Natural selection 15 Reciprocal altruism 16 Kin selection 16 Genetic determinism 16 Learning explanations 18 Learning theory 18 Age differences and helping 20 Summary 21 3 Social-psychological explanations of pro- 23 social behaviour Norm theories 23 Reciprocity norm 24 Social responsibility norm 26 Personalised norms 26 Empathy and arousal in pro-social behaviour 28 Introduction 29 The negative-state relief model 30 The empathy-altruism model 32 The empathic-joy hypothesis 33 Empathic joy in children 35 Cognitive explanations of pro-social 35 behaviour The Latané and Darley cognitive model 36 Attributions and helping 39 Cost-benefit analysis 39 Summary 42
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