Pro Oracle Database 11g Administration

713 Pages·2010·15.41 MB·English

by  Darl Kuhn

Pro Oracle Database 11g
Administration

■ ■ ■
Darl Kuhn
Pro Oracle Database 11g Administration
Copyright © 2010 by Darl Kuhn
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■ CONTENTS
Upgrading Oracle Software ........................................................................................... 15
Reinstalling After Failed Installation ............................................................................. 16
Applying Interim Patches .............................................................................................. 17
Installing Remotely with the Graphical Installer ........................................................... 18
Step 1. Install X Software and Networking Utilities on the Local PC ................................................... 19
Step 2. Start an X Session on the Local Computer .............................................................................. 19
Step 3. Copy the Oracle Installation Media to the Remote Server ....................................................... 20
Step 4. Run the xhost Command .......................................................................................................... 21
Step 5. Log In to the Remote Computer from X ................................................................................... 21
Step 6. Ensure that the DISPLAY Variable Is Set Correctly on the Remote Computer .......................... 21
Step 7. Execute the runInstaller Utility ................................................................................................. 22
Step 8. Troubleshoot ............................................................................................................................ 22
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 23
■Chapter 2: Implementing a Database .................................................................. 25
Setting Operating System Variables ............................................................................. 25
A Manually Intensive Approach ............................................................................................................ 26
Oracle’s Approach to Setting OS Variables .......................................................................................... 26
My Approach to Setting OS Variables .................................................................................................. 27
Creating a Database ...................................................................................................... 29
Step 1. Set the Operating System Variables ........................................................................................ 29
Step 2: Configure the Initialization File ................................................................................................ 30
Step 3: Create the Required Directories ............................................................................................... 32
Step 4: Create the Database ................................................................................................................ 32
Step 5. Create a Data Dictionary .......................................................................................................... 36
Configuring and Implementing the Listener .................................................................. 37
Creating a Password File .............................................................................................. 39
Starting and Stopping the Database ............................................................................. 40
Understanding Authentication .............................................................................................................. 41
Starting the Database .......................................................................................................................... 41
vi
■ CONTENTS
Stopping the Database ......................................................................................................................... 43
Using a Response File to Create a Database ................................................................ 45
Dropping a Database ..................................................................................................... 46
How Many Databases on One Server? .......................................................................... 47
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 50
■Chapter 3: Configuring an Efficient Environment ................................................ 51
Customizing Your Operating System Command Prompt ............................................... 52
Customizing Your SQL Prompt ...................................................................................... 54
Creating Shortcuts for Frequently Used Commands ..................................................... 55
Using Aliases ........................................................................................................................................ 55
Using a Function .................................................................................................................................. 56
Rerunning Commands Quickly ...................................................................................... 57
Scrolling with the Up and Down Arrow Keys ....................................................................................... 58
Pressing Ctrl+P and Ctrl+N .................................................................................................................. 58
Listing the Command History ............................................................................................................... 58
Searching in Reverse ........................................................................................................................... 59
Setting the Command Editor ......................................................................................... 59
Developing Standard Scripts ........................................................................................ 60
dba_setup ............................................................................................................................................ 60
dba_fcns .............................................................................................................................................. 61
tbsp_chk.bsh ....................................................................................................................................... 62
conn.bsh .............................................................................................................................................. 64
filesp.bsh ............................................................................................................................................. 65
login.sql ................................................................................................................................................ 66
top.sql .................................................................................................................................................. 66
lock.sql ................................................................................................................................................. 67
users.sql .............................................................................................................................................. 67
Organizing Scripts ......................................................................................................... 68
Step 1: Create Directories .................................................................................................................... 68
vii
■ CONTENTS
Step 2: Copy Files to Directories .......................................................................................................... 69
Step 3: Configure the Startup File ........................................................................................................ 69
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 70
■Chapter 4: Tablespaces and Datafiles ................................................................. 71
Understanding the First Five ......................................................................................... 72
Understanding the Need for More ................................................................................. 72
Creating Tablespaces .................................................................................................... 73
Renaming a Tablespace ................................................................................................ 76
Controlling the Generation of Redo ............................................................................... 76
Changing a Tablespace’s Write Mode ........................................................................... 77
Dropping a Tablespace ................................................................................................. 78
Using Oracle Managed Files ......................................................................................... 80
Creating a Bigfile Tablespace ....................................................................................... 81
Displaying Tablespace Size .......................................................................................... 81
Altering Tablespace Size ............................................................................................... 82
Toggling Datafiles Offline and Online ............................................................................ 83
Renaming or Relocating a Datafile ............................................................................... 85
Summary ....................................................................................................................... 90
■Chapter 5: Managing Control Files and Online Redo Logs .................................. 91
Managing Control Files ................................................................................................. 91
Viewing Control File Names and Locations .......................................................................................... 93
Adding a Control File ............................................................................................................................ 94
Moving a Control File ........................................................................................................................... 96
Removing a Control File ....................................................................................................................... 97
Managing Online Redo Logs ......................................................................................... 98
Displaying Online Redo-Log Information ............................................................................................ 100
Determining the Optimal Size of Online Redo-Log Groups ................................................................ 102
Determining the Optimal Number of Redo-Log Groups ...................................................................... 103
viii
■ CONTENTS
Adding Online Redo-Log Groups ........................................................................................................ 105
Resizing Online Redo-Log Groups ...................................................................................................... 105
Adding Online Redo-Log Files to a Group .......................................................................................... 106
Removing Online Redo-Log Files from a Group ................................................................................. 107
Moving or Renaming Redo-Log Files ................................................................................................. 107
Summary ..................................................................................................................... 108
■Chapter 6: Users and Basic Security ................................................................. 111
Understanding Schemas vs. Users ............................................................................. 111
Managing Default Users .............................................................................................. 112
Creating Users ............................................................................................................ 115
Choosing a User Name and Authentication Method ........................................................................... 115
Assigning Default Permanent and Temporary Tablespaces .............................................................. 116
Modifying Passwords .................................................................................................. 118
Enforcing Password Security ...................................................................................... 119
Logging On as a Different User ................................................................................... 120
Modifying Users .......................................................................................................... 122
Dropping Users ........................................................................................................... 122
Enforcing Password Security and Resource Limits .................................................... 123
Implementing Password Security ...................................................................................................... 124
Limiting Database Resource Usage ................................................................................................... 126
Managing Privileges .................................................................................................... 128
Assigning Database System Privileges .............................................................................................. 128
Assigning Database Object Privileges ................................................................................................ 129
Grouping and Assigning Privileges ............................................................................. 130
Summary ..................................................................................................................... 131
■Chapter 7: Tables and Constraints .................................................................... 133
Understanding Table Types ........................................................................................ 133
Creating a Table .......................................................................................................... 135
Creating a Heap-Organized Table ...................................................................................................... 135
ix
■ CONTENTS
Implementing Virtual Columns ............................................................................................................ 138
Making Read-Only Tables .................................................................................................................... 140
Understanding Deferred Segment Creation ........................................................................................ 141
Allowing for Parallel SQL Execution .................................................................................................... 142
Compressing Table Data ...................................................................................................................... 143
Avoiding Redo Creation ........................................................................................................................ 144
Creating a Table from a Query ............................................................................................................ 146
Modifying a Table .......................................................................................................1 46
Obtaining the Needed Lock ................................................................................................................. 147
Renaming a Table ................................................................................................................................ 147
Adding a Column .................................................................................................................................. 147
Altering a Column ................................................................................................................................. 148
Renaming a Column ............................................................................................................................. 149
Dropping a Column .............................................................................................................................. 149
Displaying Table DDL .................................................................................................. 150
Dropping a Table ........................................................................................................1 51
Undropping a Table ....................................................................................................1 52
Removing Data from a Table ......................................................................................1 53
Using DELETE ....................................................................................................................................... 153
Using TRUNCATE .................................................................................................................................. 153
Viewing and Adjusting the High-Water Mark .............................................................. 154
Tracing to Detect Space Below the High-Water Mark ........................................................................ 155
Using DBMS_SPACE to Detect Space Below the High-Water Mark ................................................... 156
Creating a Temporary Table .......................................................................................1 59
Creating an Index-Organized Table ............................................................................1 61
Managing Constraints ................................................................................................. 161
Creating Primary-Key Constraints ....................................................................................................... 162
Enforcing Unique Key Values ............................................................................................................... 163
Creating Foreign-key Constraints ....................................................................................................... 164
Checking for Specific Data Conditions ................................................................................................ 165
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