Pro ASP.NET for SQL Server: High Performance Data Access for Web Developers

430 Pages·2007·3.74 MB·English

by  Seth Fogie

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Books for professionals By professionals® The eXperT’s Voice® in sQl serVer
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eBook Available
Pro ASP.NET for SQL Server:
High Performance Data Access for Web Developers Pro
Pro
Dear Reader,
A
As web developers, we work with ASP.NET and SQL Server by using a rich
toolkit of databound controls and database functionality that promises great
S
performance and productivity gains after we know how to use it properly.
ASP.NET
Unfortunately, that toolkit is cluttered with a wide spectrum of features—some
P
ideal for the one-man shop building a tiny application, and others aimed at large
for
developer teams producing websites used by thousands of people. This book .
carves out a path for the senior developer who needs to produce a professional N
website that will perform well under high load.
I focus on what a senior developer should know and use daily while also E
explaining which features to avoid and why. There are several, little-known features
in ASP.NET and SQL Server that work very well together without requiring much T SQL Server
effort. These features get detailed coverage. Each chapter includes a full sample

project, to help you learn by digging into some good code. These projects are
f
designed to keep you engaged while using them to understand the chapter topics
o
in greater detail.
What you will learn from this book are techniques that allow you to leverage r

the many performance and productivity improvements that have been provided
S
ASP.NET and SQL Server. These improvements will help you produce better
websites with the desired results right from the start. This book is meant to be a
Q
guide as well as a recipe book for you to use as you incorporate the techniques High Performance Data Access
I discuss into your projects. The book also focuses on producing websites that
will be easier to maintain and to adjust to meet changing needs as traffic to L
your websites increases. Having this book will be an asset to you in your daily for Web Developers

work, as it guides you toward using ASP.NET and SQL Server more effectively.
S
Brennan Stehling
e
Companion eBook
r
Mastering the bridge between ASP.NET and SQL Server
THE APRESS ROADMAP
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Beginning ASP.NET 2.0
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Pro ASP.NET 2.0 Pro ASP.NET
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on $10 eBook version Website Programming for SQL Server r
Beginning SQL Server
2005 for Developers
S Brennan Stehling
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8601Ch00 8/28/07 4:33 PM Page i
Pro ASP.NET
for SQL Server
High Performance Data Access
for Web Developers
Brennan Stehling
8601Ch00 8/28/07 4:33 PM Page ii
Pro ASP.NET for SQL Server: High Performance Data Access for Web Developers
Copyright © 2007 by Brennan Stehling
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8601Ch00 8/28/07 4:33 PM Page iii
Contents at a Glance
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
■ CHAPTER 1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
■ CHAPTER 2 Data Model Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
■ CHAPTER 3 Database Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
■ CHAPTER 4 Databound Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
■ CHAPTER 5 SQL Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
■ CHAPTER 6 Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
■ CHAPTER 7 Manual Data Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
■ CHAPTER 8 Generated Data Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
■ CHAPTER 9 Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
■ CHAPTER 10 A Sample Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
■ APPENDIX Photo Album . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
■ INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
iii
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8601Ch00 8/28/07 4:33 PM Page v
Contents
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
■ CHAPTER 1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Preparing Your Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Project Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Common Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Datasource Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Code and Database Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Managing Provider Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Mixing and Matching Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Configuring Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Membership Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Roles Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Profile Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Creating Users and Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Securing the Admin Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Creating the Admin User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
■ CHAPTER 2 Data Model Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
The Data Access Application Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Data Access Code Snippets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Sample Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Trivial Data Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Nontrivial Data Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Typed DataSet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Nontyped DataSet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
DataReader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
v
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vi ■ CONTENTS
DataObject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
What’s the Downside? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
■ CHAPTER 3 Database Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Using Database Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Visual Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
SQL Server Management Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Managing Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Managing Indexes and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Stability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Unit Tests for Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Continuous Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
■ CHAPTER 4 Databound Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
DetailsView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
FormView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
GridView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Editing and Validating Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Binding Input Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Binding Input Parameters with a Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Binding Input Parameters Programmatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Binding a User Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Embedding Databound Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
ViewState and Databinding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Session and ViewState . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Disabling ViewState . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
ControlState vs.ViewState . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Creating a Databound Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Getting the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Getting the Total Rows Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Wiring the Pager Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Creating PersonRow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Persisting ViewState Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Working Without ViewState . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Walking the Debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
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■ CONTENTS vii
■ CHAPTER 5 SQL Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
The SqlMembershipProvider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Using XML Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Setting the Database Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Creating a Password Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
The SqlRoleProvider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Controlling Access by Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Controlling Behavior by Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
The SqlProfileProvider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Why Anonymous Profiles? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Configuring Anonymous Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Managing Anonymous Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Anonymous and Authenticated Profile Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Migrating from Anonymous to Authenticated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Creating a User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Dynamic Profiles and Profiles as BLOBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Using the Provider-Powered ASP.NET Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Building a SQL Photo Album Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Provider Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Configuration Section Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Provider Collection Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Abstract Provider Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
The Provider Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Provider Service Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Unit Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
The Finished Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Building a SQL SiteMap Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
SiteMap Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Implementing SiteMapProvider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
■ CHAPTER 6 Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Alternatives to Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Application State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
ViewState . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Current Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Caching Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Output Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Data Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
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viii ■ CONTENTS
Invalidating Cached Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Absolute Expiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Sliding Expiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Cache Dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Manual Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
SQL Cache Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Using the SqlDependency and SqlCacheDependency . . . . . . . . . . 165
Polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Query Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Troubleshooting Query Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Problems with Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Performance Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Data Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Lazy Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
■ CHAPTER 7 Manual Data Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Using DataSets,Inline SQL,and Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
DataSets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Inline SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Using DataObjects and the ObjectDataSource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Design Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Data Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Testing the Design and Data Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Building the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Creating the Database Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Consolidating the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Managing Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Created and Modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
What About Nulls? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Using Database Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
The Data Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Building the Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Connecting the Data Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Creating User Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Creating the Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231