Private Irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa

384 Pages·2002·4.73 MB·French

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Private Irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa
Private Irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa
Regional Seminar on Private Sector Participation and
Irrigation Expansion in sub-Saharan Africa
Hilmy Sally and Charles L. Abernethy, editors
International Water Management Institute
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation
IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations, and
international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International
Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana,
Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
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Sally, H. ; and C. L. Abernethy (Eds.) 2002. Private irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa. Colombo, Sri
Lanka: International Water Management Institute, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations and ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation.
Irrigation management / Privatization / Small scale systems / Social impacts / Economic impacts /
Food security / Agricultural production / Financing / Micro-irrigation / Gender / Women / Sustainability
/ Government managed irrigation systems/ Farmer managed irrigation systems / Rice / Horticulture
/ Technology transfer / Environment / Pumps / Capacity building / sub-Saharan Africa / Asia / Zimbabwe
/ Kenya / Bolivia / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Niger / India / Senegal / Mali / South Africa / Uganda /
Gambia / Nigeria
ISBN: 92-9090-494-1
Copyright © 2002, by IWMI. All rights reserved.
Cover photograph from IWMI-South Africa.
Private Irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa
Contents
Foreword ....................................................................................................................... xiii
Preface .......................................................................................................................... xv
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ xvii
Welcome address .......................................................................................................... xix
Theme 1: Small-scale, informal irrigation systems
Tendances et perspectives de l’irrigation en Afrique sub-saharienne ............................. 1
(Irrigation trends and prospects in sub-Saharan Africa)
Moïse Sonou
Développement de l’irrigation privée en appui a la sécurité alimentaire en
Afrique de I’Ouest.................................................................................................. 15
(Private irrigation development in support of food security in West Africa)
S. Bangoura
Socio-economic impact of smallholder irrigation development in Zimbabwe:
A case study of five successful irrigation schemes ................................................ 21
Kennedy Mudima
Développement de la petite irrigation privée en Afrique de l’Ouest: Leçons
tirées des projets financés par la Banque mondiale ............................................... 31
(Development of small-scale private irrigation in West Africa:
Lessons drawn from World Bank financed projects)
F. Gadelle
Affordable small-scale drip irrigation in Africa: Potential role of the private sector ......... 49
N. H. van Leeuwen
Development of urban and peri-urban agriculture in West Africa .................................... 57
Boubacar Barry
Gender analysis for improved irrigation performance ..................................................... 65
Barbara van Koppen
Women irrigators and operation and maintenance of small-scale smallholder schemes
in Africa ................................................................................................................. 77
Felicity Chancellor
Theme 2: Irrigation management transfer
Can irrigation management transfer revitalise African agriculture?
A review of African and international experiences ................................................. 95
Douglas J. Merrey, Tushaar Shah, Barbara van Koppen, Marna de Lange,
and Madar Samad
Assisting sustainable irrigation management transfer:
Case studies of good practices in West Africa ...................................................... 105
Ingrid Hermiteau, Audrey Nepveu de Villemarceau and Christophe Rigourd
V
Contents
L’irrigation privée dans le Delta du Fleuve Sénégal:
Evolution et perspectives ....................................................................................... 121
(Private irrigation in the Senegal River Delta: Evolution and prospects)
Ibrahima Dia
From government to farmer-managed smallholder rice schemes:
The unresolved case of the Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya ............................. 127
Charity Kabutha and Clifford Mutero
Impact of irrigation management transfer on the performance of irrigation systems:
A review of selected experiences from Asia and Latin America .............................. 139
Madar Samad
Theme 3: Commercial irrigation farming
Commercial irrigation farming ........................................................................................ 151
A. A. Gyamfi
A case study of the Volta River Estates Limited (VREL), Ghana .................................... 157
S. K. Agodzo and A. K. Blay
Micro-irrigation and the poor: A marketing challenge in
smallholder irrigation development ........................................................................ 165
Tushaar Shah and Jack Keller
Commercialisation of smallholder irrigation: The case of horticultural crops in
semi-arid areas of eastern Kenya ........................................................................... 185
H. Ade Freeman and Said S. Silim
Capitalisation sur les conditions favorables au maraîchage irrigué en Afrique de
l’Ouest à travers la commercialisation de technologies en irrigation appropriées ... 193
(Marketing of appropriate irrigation technologies to capitalise on favourable
conditions for irrigated horticulture in West Africa)
P. Beaujault et B. Dotson
Theme 4: Enabling environment, emergence of new operators, and
financing of irrigation.
Enabling environments, financing mechanisms and equitable access to irrigation ........... 197
Charles L. Abernethy
Individual pump ownership and associated service providers in
fadama irrigation in Northern Nigeria ..................................................................... 211
Salihu Abubakar
Roving course on pump selection in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger: Lessons learned ... 221
S. van ’t Hof
Reflections on irrigation finance in Africa ....................................................................... 227
Chet Aeschliman
Leasing as an alternative for financing agricultural equipment:
Initial experiences from Bolivia .............................................................................. 247
Frank Höllinger
VI
Private Irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa
Institutional and financial considerations for self-managed irrigated agriculture in
West Africa: Examples from Burkina Faso and Niger ............................................. 257
Hilmy Sally
The role of the African Development Bank Group in financing irrigated agriculture:
On-going examples in Gambia and Ghana ............................................................ 267
Harouna Dosso
Encouraging capacity-building for private sector irrigation-technology service
provision in Uganda ............................................................................................... 273
Nick Shirra
Report on Discussions .................................................................................................... 281
Rapport Général ........................................................................................................... 287
Annexes
A Programme of the workshop .................................................................................. 295
B List of participants ................................................................................................. 299
VII
Figures
Figures
Sonou: Tendances et perspectives de l’irrigation en Afrique sub-saharienne
Figure 1: Evolution des superficies irriguées en Afrique 1961-1998 .............................. 5
Figure 2: Irrigation en Afrique (en pour-cent du potentiel d’irrigation) ........................... 5
Figure 3: Evolution de la population en Afrique de l’Ouest entre 1970 et 2025 ............ 8
Figure 4: Etendue des zones rurales ayant accès aux marchés urbains en 2025 ........ 9
Figure 5: Production et demande en céréales en Afrique de l’Ouest 1970-2025 .......... 9
Figure 6: Production et importation de riz en Afrique de l’Ouest ................................... 10
van Leeuwen: Affordable small-scale drip irrigation in Africa:
Potential role of the private sector
Figure 1: Layout of a small-scale drip-irrigation system .............................................. 50
Hermiteau, Nepveu de Villemarceau and Rigourd : Case studies of good practices in
West Africa
Figure 1: Principles guiding the sharing of functions among stakeholders .................. 115
Shah and Keller: Micro-irrigation and the poor: A marketing challenge in smallholder
irrigation
Figure 1: Stages in the adoption of a new technology ................................................ 180
Beaujault et Dotson: Capitalisation sur les conditions favorables au maraîchage irrigué
Figure 1: Cumul des ventes des pompes à pédales, 1991-2001.................................. 195
Abubakar: Individual pump ownership and service providers in fadama irrigation in
Northern Nigeria
Figure 1: Crops grown under fadama cultivation in Chiyoko ....................................... 215
Figure 2: Access and ownership of individual pumps .................................................. 215
Figure 3: Brands of pumps used by farmers ................................................................. 216
Aeschliman: Reflections on irrigation finance in Africa
Figure 1: Supply chain for low-cost micro-irrigation equipment and
services needed by farms to make use of it ................................................. 233
Figure 2: The challenge of supporting the establishment of viable supply and
support systems for low-cost micro-irrigation ............................................... 234
Höllinger: Leasing as an alternative for financing agricultural equipment:
Initial experiences from Bolivia
Figure 1: Illustration of how straight leasing works ...................................................... 249
VIII
Private Irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa
Tables
Sonou: Tendances et perspectives de l’irrigation en Afrique sub-saharienne
Table 1: Distribution régionale des ressources en eau ............................................. 2
Table 2: Distribution régionale des prélèvements d’eau ............................................ 3
Table 3: Potentiel d’irrigation et terres irrigables des principaux bassins
au Sud du Sahara ....................................................................................... 4
Table 4: Principales cultures irriguées (données partielles) ...................................... 6
Bangoura: L’Irrigation privée en appui à la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique de l’Ouest
Table 1: Potentiel d’irrigation et terres irrigables des principaux fleuves d’Afrique .... 17
Table 2: Superficies sous irrigation privée (données partielles) ................................ 17
Mudima: Socio-economic impact of smallholder irrigation development in Zimbabwe
Table 1: Current status of irrigation development in Zimbabwe ................................ 23
Table 2: Major features of the selected schemes ..................................................... 24
Table 3: Average yields for selected crops at the different irrigation schemes
during the 1997/1998 season ...................................................................... 24
Table 4: Crops grown at the different schemes ......................................................... 25
Table 5: Net incomes derived from the irrigation schemes during the
1997/1998 season ....................................................................................... 25
Table 6: Results of the financial and economic analyses of the irrigation schemes . 26
Gadelle: Développement de la petite irrigation privée en Afrique de l’Ouest
Table 1: Production et importations de céréales, fruits et légumes en Afrique
de l’Ouest (en milliers de tonnes) – Année 1999 ........................................ 32
van Koppen: Gender analysis for improved irrigation performance
Table 1: The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation in wetlands in
South-West Burkina Faso before the wetlands improvement project .......... 70
Table 2: The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation in wetlands in South-West
Burkina Faso in the first two schemes of the wetlands improvement project 71
Table 3: The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation in wetlands in South-West
Burkina Faso in the later schemes of the wetlands improvement project .... 72
Hermiteau, Nepveu de Villemarceau and Rigourd: Case studies of good practices
in West Africa
Table 1: Summary of good scheme-level organisational practices ............................ 107
Table 2: Improved performance with cultivation planning, Nakhlet, Mauritania,
1998–99 ...................................................................................................... 109
Table 3: Water consumption at two schemes in Niger, wet season 2000 .................. 110
Table 4: Comparison of management practices at Nakhlet, Mauritania, and
Toula, Niger ................................................................................................. 110
Table 5: Comparison of Practices 2–1 and 2–2 ........................................................ 112
Table 6: Comparison of Practices 3–1 and 3–2 ........................................................ 114
Table 7: Sharing of functions in the co-operative of Boundoum (Senegal) ............... 115
IX