Private international law in Australia PDF
Preview Private international law in Australia
Private International Law in Australia Fourth Edition Private International Law in Australia Fourth Edition Reid Mortensen BCom (Hons I), LLB (Hons I), PhD (Qld) Professor of Law and Head of School, School of Law and Justice, University of Southern Queensland Lawyer, Supreme Court of Queensland Richard Garnett BA, LLB (UNSW), LLM (Harv) Professor of Law, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne Mary Keyes BA, LLB (Hons) (Qld), GCert Higher Education, PhD (Griffith) Professor of Law Griffith Law School, Griffith University LexisNexis Butterworths Australia 2019 LexisNexis AUSTRALIA LexisNexis Butterworths 475–495 Victoria Avenue, Chatswood NSW 2067 On the internet at: www.lexisnexis.com.au ARGENTINA LexisNexis Argentina, Buenos Aires AUSTRIA LexisNexis Verlag ARD Orac GmbH & Co KG, ViennA BRAZIL LexisNexis Latin America, sAo PAulo CANADA LexisNexis Canada, Markham, ontArio CHILE LexisNexis Chile, sAntiAgo CHINA LexisNexis China, Beijing, shAnghAi CZECH REPUBLIC Nakladatelství Orac sro, PrAgue FRANCE LexisNexis SA, PAris GERMANY LexisNexis Germany, FrAnkFurt HONG KONG LexisNexis Hong Kong, hong kong HUNGARY HVG-Orac, BudAPest INDIA LexisNexis, new delhi ITALY Dott A Giuffrè Editore SpA, MilAn JAPAN LexisNexis Japan KK, tokyo KOREA LexisNexis, seoul MALAYSIA LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn Bhd, PetAling JAyA, selAngor NEW ZEALAND LexisNexis, wellington POLAND Wydawnictwo Prawnicze LexisNexis, wArsAw SINGAPORE LexisNexis, singAPore SOUTH AFRICA LexisNexis Butterworths, durBAn SWITZERLAND Staempfli Verlag AG, Berne TAIWAN LexisNexis, tAiwAn UNITED KINGDOM LexisNexis UK, london, edinBurgh USA LexisNexis Group, New York, new york LexisNexis, Miamisburg, ohio A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of Australia. ISBN: 9780409348279 (pbk). 9780409348286 (ebk). © 2019 Reed International Books Australia Pty Limited trading as LexisNexis. First edition, 2006 (reprinted 2009, 2010); second edition, 2011; third edition, 2015. This book is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part of this publication may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publishers. Typeset in Minion Pro and Myriad Pro. Printed in Australia. Visit LexisNexis Butterworths at www.lexisnexis.com.au Contents Detailed Contents vii Preface xvii Table of Cases xix Table of Statutes lvii PART 1 Introduction to Private International Law 1 Chapter 1 Scope, Development and Purpose 3 PART 2 Jurisdiction and Judgments 25 Chapter 2 Personal Jurisdiction 27 Chapter 3 Jurisdiction: Exceptions and Immunities 75 Chapter 4 Restraints on Proceedings 91 Chapter 5 The Effect of Foreign and Interstate Judgments 133 Chapter 6 International Arbitration 171 Part 3 Choice of Law Method 189 Chapter 7 Choice of Law Method 1: The General Part 191 Chapter 8 Choice of Law Method 2: Complications and Exceptions 215 Chapter 9 Proof of Foreign Law 249 Chapter 10 Personal Connections 265 Chapter 11 Constitutional Limits on Choice of Law 299 Chapter 12 Statutes 315 Part 4 International Family Law 331 Chapter 13 The Validity of Marriages and Other Adult Relationships 333 Chapter 14 Separation, Dissolution and Annulment of Marriage 367 Chapter 15 Parental Responsibility 387 Chapter 16 Property and Maintenance 423 Part 5 Choice of Law for Obligations 437 Chapter 17 Contracts 439 Chapter 18 Torts 469 Chapter 19 Equitable Claims and Trusts 491 v Private International Law in Australia PART 6 Choice of Law for Property 503 Chapter 20 The Location and Classification of Property 505 Chapter 21 Transfer of Property between Living and Corporate Persons 517 Chapter 22 Succession to Property on Death 533 PART 7 International Company Law 557 Chapter 23 International Company Law 559 Chapter 24 Corporate Insolvency 573 Index 585 vi Detailed Contents Preface xvii Table of Cases xix Table of Statutes lvii PART 1 Introduction to Private International Law 1 Chapter 1 Scope, Development and Purpose 3 Themes of private international law 3 Historical development 7 Ancient approaches 7 Scholarly development 8 Institutional writing as a source of law 12 Judicial development in England 13 An Australian private international law 15 Objectives 19 Consistency 20 Particular justice 22 International and interstate comity 23 PART 2 Jurisdiction and Judgments 25 Chapter 2 Personal Jurisdiction 27 Introduction 27 Personal jurisdiction at common law 28 Presence 28 Submission 32 Personal jurisdiction in interstate cases 34 Diversity jurisdiction 34 Service and Execution of Process Act 1992 (Cth) 37 Cross-vested jurisdiction 38 Personal jurisdiction in international cases 45 Jurisdiction over New Zealand defendants 45 Personal jurisdiction in international cases not involving New Zealand 45 Harmonised rules of court 50 Grounds of jurisdiction — personal connections 51 Grounds of jurisdiction — submission to the jurisdiction 51 Grounds of jurisdiction — contracts 52 Grounds of jurisdiction — wrongs 56 vii Private International Law in Australia Grounds of jurisdiction — application of forum legislation 65 Grounds of jurisdiction — property 66 Grounds of jurisdiction — probate and administration 68 Grounds of jurisdiction — foreign judgments and awards 69 Grounds of jurisdiction — injunctions, interim and ancillary relief, freezing orders 69 Method of service 70 Conclusion 73 Chapter 3 Jurisdiction: Exceptions and Immunities 75 Introduction 75 Foreign immovables 75 The Moçambique principle 75 Australian Capital Territory 78 New South Wales 78 Personal actions relating to immovables 79 Reform 80 Foreign state immunity 80 Foreign states 81 Exceptions to immunity 82 Immunity from execution 86 Diplomatic and consular immunity 87 Diplomatic immunity 87 Consular immunity 88 Duration and waiver 88 Chapter 4 Restraints on Proceedings 91 Introduction 91 International proceedings 91 Mandatory rules 92 Jurisdiction agreements 94 Forum non conveniens 101 Procedure 108 Interstate proceedings 112 Interstate proceedings in superior courts 112 Forum non conveniens 122 Interstate proceedings in intermediate and inferior courts 122 Restraining proceedings in another court 124 Restraining proceedings in a foreign court 124 Restraining proceedings in another Australian or a New Zealand court 130 Reform 130 Conclusion 131 viii Detailed Contents Chapter 5 The Effect of Foreign and Interstate Judgments 133 Introduction 133 Recognition and enforcement of judgments at common law 136 International jurisdiction 137 Final and conclusive 143 Fixed sum 143 Identical parties 145 Fraud 145 Natural justice 148 Public policy 149 Penal and revenue judgments 150 Incompatible judgments 150 Foreign competition judgments 151 Estoppel and foreign judgments 151 Registration of foreign judgments 153 Registration — conditions and effect 156 Setting aside registration 158 International jurisdiction 159 Identical parties 163 Fraud 163 Natural justice 163 Public policy 164 Incompatible judgments 164 Registration of interstate judgments 165 Full faith and credit 165 Registration procedures 167 Registration of New Zealand judgments 168 Chapter 6 International Arbitration 171 Introduction 171 Enforcement of international arbitration agreements 171 Writing requirement 172 A matter capable of settlement by arbitration 172 Applicable law in international arbitration 178 Law governing the substance 178 Law governing the arbitration agreement 179 Law governing the arbitral procedure 180 Enforcement of arbitral awards 182 Foreign arbitral awards 182 Enforcement of awards under the Model Law 187 Investor–state arbitration 188 ix Private International Law in Australia Part 3 Choice of Law Method 189 Chapter 7 Choice of Law Method 1: The General Part 191 Introduction 191 Choice of law and internal rules 192 The identification of a conflict of laws 192 Identifying the possibly relevant legal systems 193 The internal rules of the possibly relevant systems 193 A conflict of laws 193 The classification of the subject matter 194 The subject matter 194 Classifications 196 The law of classification 198 The classification of substantive or procedural law 200 General principles of procedural law 200 Particular issues 203 The identification of the choice of law rule 213 The application of the law of the cause 213 Which aspects of the law of the cause? 213 Chapter 8 Choice of Law Method 2: Complications and Exceptions 215 Introduction 215 Complications of choice of law method 215 Dépeçage 215 The incidental question 216 Renvoi 219 Exclusion of unacceptable laws 231 Unrecognised states 231 Penal laws 232 Revenue laws 234 Expropriation laws 235 Foreign governmental interests 238 Public policy 240 Chapter 9 Proof of Foreign Law 249 The status of foreign law 249 The presumption of identity 251 Presumption of identity — interpretation of foreign statutes 253 Foreign law as fact and precedent 255 Evidence of foreign law 256 Expert witnesses 256 Judicial notice 257 Reference of a question of foreign law 258 Documentary sources of law 261 Determination of foreign law 262 Proof of interstate law 263 x
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