Privacy Concerns Surrounding Personal Information Sharing on Health and Fitness Mobile Apps

366 Pages·2020·4.68 MB·English

by  Rukhsana Ahmed (editor)

Privacy Concerns
Surrounding Personal
Information Sharing on
Health and Fitness Mobile
Apps
Devjani Sen
Algonquin College, Canada
Rukhsana Ahmed
University at Albany, SUNY, USA
A volume in the Advances in
Information Security, Privacy, and
Ethics (AISPE) Book Series
Published in the United States of America by
IGI Global
Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global)
701 E. Chocolate Avenue
Hershey PA, USA 17033
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.igi-global.com
Copyright © 2021 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.
Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the
names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the
trademark or registered trademark.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Sen, Devjani, editor. | Ahmed, Rukhsana, editor.
Title: Privacy concerns surrounding personal information sharing on health
and fitness mobile apps / Devjani Sen and Rukhsana Ahmed, editors.
Description: Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference, [2020] | Includes
bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book provides
research on the dangers of sharing personal information on health and
wellness apps, as well as how such information can be used by employers,
insurance companies, advertisers, and other third parties”-- Provided by
publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019054148 (print) | LCCN 2019054149 (ebook) | ISBN
9781799834878 (h/c) | ISBN 9781799834885 (s/c) | ISBN 9781799834892
(eISBN)
Subjects: LCSH: Medical records--Security measures. | Mobile apps--Security
measures. | Privacy, Right of. | Personal information management. | Data
protection.
Classification: LCC R864 .P74 2020 (print) | LCC R864 (ebook) | DDC
610.69--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054148
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054149

This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Information Security, Privacy,
and Ethics (AISPE) (ISSN: 1948-9730; eISSN: 1948-9749)
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material.
The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected].
Advances in Information
Security, Privacy, and Ethics
(AISPE) Book Series
ISSN:1948-9730
EISSN:1948-9749
Editor-in-Chief: Manish Gupta State University of New York, USA
Mission
As digital technologies become more pervasive in everyday life and the Internet is
utilized in ever increasing ways by both private and public entities, concern over
digital threats becomes more prevalent.
The Advances in Information Security, Privacy, & Ethics (AISPE) Book
Series provides cutting-edge research on the protection and misuse of information
and technology across various industries and settings. Comprised of scholarly
research on topics such as identity management, cryptography, system security,
authentication, and data protection, this book series is ideal for reference by IT
professionals, academicians, and upper-level students.
Coverage
• Data Storage of Minors
IGI Global is currently accepting
• CIA Triad of Information Security
manuscripts for publication within this
• Cyberethics series. To submit a proposal for a volume in
• Electronic Mail Security this series, please contact our Acquisition
• Privacy-Enhancing Technologies Editors at [email protected] or
• Network Security Services visit: http://www.igi-global.com/publish/.
• Cookies
• Internet Governance
• Security Information Management
• Tracking Cookies
The Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics (AISPE) Book Series (ISSN 1948-9730) is published by IGI
Global, 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033-1240, USA, www.igi-global.com. This series is composed of titles
available for purchase individually; each title is edited to be contextually exclusive from any other title within the series.
For pricing and ordering information please visit http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-information-security-
privacy-ethics/37157. Postmaster: Send all address changes to above address. Copyright © 2021 IGI Global. All rights,
including translation in other languages reserved by the publisher. No part of this series may be reproduced or used in any
form or by any means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and
retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including
classroom teaching purposes. The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global.
Titles in this Series
For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit:
http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-information-security-privacy-ethics/37157
Large-Scale Data Streaming, Processing, and Blockchain Security
Hemraj Saini (Jaypee University of Information Technology, India) Geetanjali Rathee
(Jaypee University of Information Technology, India) and Dinesh Kumar Saini (Sohar
University, Oman)
Information Science Reference • © 2021 • 285pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799834441) • US
$225.00
Establishing Cyber Security Programs Through the Community Cyber Security Maturity
Model (CCSMM)
Gregory B. White (CIAS, The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA) and Natalie Sjelin
(CIAS, The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA)
Information Science Reference • © 2021 • 221pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799844716) • US
$195.00
Applied Approach to Privacy and Security for the Internet of Things
Parag Chatterjee (National Technological University, Argentina & University of the Republic,
Uruguay) Emmanuel Benoist (Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland) and Asoke
Nath (St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata, India)
Information Science Reference • © 2020 • 295pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799824442) • US
$235.00
Advanced Localization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks
M. Vasim Babu (Institute of Technology and Sciences, India)
Information Science Reference • © 2020 • 300pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781799837336) • US
$195.00
Social, Legal, and Ethical Implications of IoT, Cloud, and Edge Computing Technologies
Gianluca Cornetta (Universidad CEU San Pablo, Spain) Abdellah Touhafi (Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Belgium) and Gabriel-Miro Muntean (Dublin City University, Ireland)
For an entire list of titles in this series, please visit:
http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-information-security-privacy-ethics/37157
701 East Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Tel: [phone] x100 • Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [email protected] • www.igi-global.com
Editorial Advisory Board
Nigel Cameron, Center for Policy on Emerging Technologies Affiliation, USA
Heather Carmack, The University of Alabama, USA 
Teresa Harrison, University at Albany, SUNY, USA 
Rocci Luppicini, University of Ottawa, Canada 
Yuping Mao, California State University, Long Beach, USA 
Trina Ogilvie, Human Data Inc., Canada 
Noam Tractinsky, University of the Negev, Israel
Table of Contents
Foreword.............................................................................................................xiv
Preface.................................................................................................................xix
Acknowledgment............................................................................................xxviii
Section 1
Personal Information Sharing and Data Ownership: Mobile
Applications and Wearable Technologies
Chapter 1
What.Can.Fitness.Apps.Teach.Us.About.Group.Privacy?.....................................1
Miriam J. Metzger, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Jennifer Jiyoung Suh, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Scott Reid, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Amr El Abbadi, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Chapter 2
Role.of.Wearable.Technology.and.Fitness.Apps.in.Obesity.and.Diabetes:.
Privacy,.Ownership,.and.Portability.of.Data........................................................31
Shariq I. Sherwani, Ohio University, USA
Benjamin R. Bates, Ohio University, USA
Chapter 3
Data.Ownership:.Legalities.Concerning.Wearable.Technologies........................60
Thora Knight, University at Albany, SUNY, USA

Chapter 4
Wearable.Devices.and.Privacy.Concerns:.Data.Collection,.Analysis,.and.
Interpretation.........................................................................................................83
Ersin Dincelli, University of Colorado Denver, USA
Xin Zhou, Yale University, USA
Alper Yayla, The University of Tampa, USA
Haadi Jafarian, University of Colorado Denver, USA
Section 2
Health and Fitness Apps: Data Privacy and Data Breach
Chapter 5
How.Do.Mobile.Applications.for.Cancer.Communicate.About.Their.Privacy.
Practices?.An.Analysis.of.Privacy.Policies........................................................113
Zerin Mahzabin Khan, Virginia Tech, USA
Rukhsana Ahmed, University at Albany, SUNY, USA
Devjani Sen, Algonquin College, Canada
Chapter 6
Case.Study:.Under.Armour.Hack.......................................................................145
Kylie Torres, Grand Valley State University, USA
Andrew Stevenson, Davenport University, USA
Justin Hicks, Grand Rapids Press, USA
Section 3
The Psychology of Behavior: What Motivates Users to Share
Personal Information?
Chapter 7
Exploitation.of.Health.on.Instagram:.Motivations,.Social.Support,.and.
Influencers...........................................................................................................164
Michael Blight, North Central College, USA
Chapter 8
Governmentality,.Playbor,.and.Peak.Performance:.Critiques.and.Concerns.of.
Health.and.Wellness.Gamification......................................................................186
Nicholas David Bowman, Texas Tech University, USA
Megan Condis, Texas Tech University, USA

Section 4
The Role of Language in Shaping Conceptions of Privacy
Chapter 9
An.Analysis.of.Privacy.Language.in.the.Scholarly.Literature.on.Mental.
Health.Apps........................................................................................................212
Maureen Ebben, University of Southern Maine, USA
Julien S. Murphy, University of Southern Maine, USA
Chapter 10
“Sensitive.but.Essential.Information”:.Policy.Debates.on.Fitness.Application.
Privacy.and.Data.Security..................................................................................240
Alison Nicole Novak, Rowan University, USA
Epilogue.............................................................................................................268
Afterword...........................................................................................................274
Compilation of References...............................................................................276
About the Contributors....................................................................................325
Index...................................................................................................................332
Detailed Table of Contents
Foreword.............................................................................................................xiv
Preface.................................................................................................................xix
Acknowledgment............................................................................................xxviii
Section 1
Personal Information Sharing and Data Ownership: Mobile
Applications and Wearable Technologies
Chapter 1
What.Can.Fitness.Apps.Teach.Us.About.Group.Privacy?.....................................1
Miriam J. Metzger, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Jennifer Jiyoung Suh, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Scott Reid, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Amr El Abbadi, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
This.chapter.begins.with.a.case.study.of.Strava,.a.fitness.app.that.inadvertently.
exposed.sensitive.military.information.even.while.protecting.individual.users’.
information.privacy..The.case.study.is.analyzed.as.an.example.of.how.recent.advances.
in.algorithmic.group.inference.technologies.threaten.privacy,.both.for.individuals.
and.for.groups..It.then.argues.that.while.individual.privacy.from.big.data.analytics.is.
well.understood,.group.privacy.is.not..Results.of.an.experiment.to.better.understand.
group.privacy.are.presented..Findings.show.that.group.and.individual.privacy.are.
psychologically.distinct.and.uniquely.affect.people’s.evaluations,.use,.and.tolerance.
for.a.fictitious.fitness.app..The.chapter.concludes.with.a.discussion.of.group-inference.
technologies.ethics.and.offers.recommendations.for.fitness.app.designers.