Prisons 2000: An International Perspective on the Current State and Future of Imprisonment

280 Pages·1996·26.714 MB·English

by  Roger Matthews, Peter Francis (eds.)

PRISONS 2000
Prisons 2000
An International Perspective on the
Current State and Future of Imprisonment
Edited by
Roger Matthews
Reader in Criminology and Sociology
Middlesex University
and
Peter Francis
Director of the Centre for
Criminal Justice Studies, and
Lecturer in Criminology
University of Northumbria at Newcastle
palgrave
First published in Great Britain 1996 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-333-64480-5 ISBN 978-1-349-24559-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-24559-8
First published in the United States of America 1996 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth A venue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-16096-8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
available from Library of Congress
© Roger Matthews and Peter Francis 1996
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London WI P 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
Transferred to digital printing 200 I
Contents
Notes on the Contributors vii
Acknowledgements xu
Towards 2000: An Introduction
Roger Matthews and Peter Francis
The State of the Prisons
Stephen Tumim 11
2 Prisons in Crisis: The American Experience
Francis T. Cullen, Patricia Van Voorhis and Jody L. Sundt 21
3 We Never Promised Them a Rose Garden
Monika Platek 53
4 Penal 'Austerity': The Doctrine of Less Eligibility Reborn?
Richard Sparks 74
5 Modernity, Imprisonment, and Social Solidarity
Wayne Morrison 94
6 The Changing Functions of Imprisonment
Claude Faugeron 121
7 Ethnic Minorities in British Prisons:
Some Research Implications
Marian FitzGerald and Peter Marshall 139
8 Foreign Detainees in Greek Prisons:
A New Challenge to the Guardians of Human Rights
Calliope Spinel/is, Katerina Angelopoulou and
Nikos Koulouris 163
9 Is There a Feminist Future for Women's Prisons?
Margaret Shaw 179
10 Women's Imprisonment in England and Wales at the End of
the Twentieth Century: Legitimacy, Realities and Utopias
Pat Carlen and Chris Tchaikovsky 201
v
VI Contents
I I The Russian Prison System: Past, Present and Future
Alexander S. Mikhlin and Roy D. King 2I9
I 2 Prison Privatization: An International Perspective
Kristel Beyens and Sonja Snacken 240
Index 267
Notes on the Contributors
Katerina Angelopoulou is a doctoral candidate in criminology and is
associated with the Centre for Penal and Criminological Research
(CPCR), at the University of Athens. She is currently working in the
Department of Penal Sciences at the University of Athens, where her
main interest lies in criminology and human rights abuses, especially the
violent behaviour of state officials.
Kristel Beyens holds degrees in sociology and criminology and works as
a researcher at the Free University of Brussels. Her research focuses on
penal matters such as prison overcrowding and the privatization of
prisons. She has published two books (in Dutch) and a number of articles
in collaboration with Sonja Snacken. Currently she is preparing a PhD on
sentencing policy.
Pat Carlen is Professor and Head of the Department of Criminology at
Keele University. She was a founder member of Women in Prison and
has published numerous books, five of them on women, crime and
imprisonment.
Francis T. Cullen is Distinguished Research Professor in the
Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he
also holds a joint appointment in sociology. He is author of Rethinking
Crime and Deviance Theory (1984), co-author (with K. Gilbert) of
Reaffirming Rehabilitation (1982), (with W. J. Maakestad and G.
Cavender) of Corporate Crime Under Attack (1987), (with J. R. Lilly
and R. A. Ball) of Criminological Theory (1995) and (with G. Sykes) of
Criminology ( 1992), and co-editor (with V. S. Burton) of Contemporary
Criminological Theory ( 1994). He has served as President of the
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and as editor of Justice Quarterly
and the Journal ofCrime and Justice.
Claude Faugeron is a sociologist and a Research Director at the Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). She has directed the
Institut de Recherche Sociologique sur les Societes Contemporaines
(IRESCO) and the Centre de Recherches sur le Droit et les Institutions
vii
viii Notes on the Contributors
Penales (CESDIP). Her main publications include La Justice et son
Public: Les Representations Sociales du Systeme Penal (1978) and Les
Forces Cachees de Ia Justice: La Crise de Ia Justice Penale (1980).
Claude Faugeron has been involved in the development of prison
policies and prison administration and teaches at the Ecole des Hautes
Etudes en Sciences Sociales.
Marian FitzGerald is a Principal Research Officer in the Home Office
Research and Statistics Directorate, where she has special responsibility
for work on 'race relations'/'race' equality issues generally and for
criminal justice research related to this. She previously worked as a
freelance researcher. Her publications have covered 'race' and politics,
'race relations' policies in local government and racial harassment as
well as 'race' and criminal justice issues. She is the author of 'Ethnic
Minorities and the Criminal Justice System (1993)', which was
published by the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice.
Peter Francis is a Lecturer in Criminology in the School of Social,
Political and Economic Sciences and Director of the Centre for Criminal
Justice Studies at the University of Northumbria. He is currently
involved in research evaluating a project developing mediation services
for prisoners and co-ordinating a two-year research project looking at
young people, drug use and crime in north-east England.
Roy D. King is Professor and Director of the Centre for Comparative
Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Wales, Bangor.
Educated at the Universities of Leicester, Cambridge and the London
School of Economics, he has held research fellowships at the Medical
Research Council, the University of London Institute of Education and
Yale Law School and teaching positions at the University of
Southampton and the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He has written
a number of books including: A Taste of Prison (with Rod Morgan,
1976), Albany: Birth of a Prison - End of an Era (with Kenneth W.
Elliott, 1978), The Future of the Prison System (with Rod Morgan,
1980), Prisons in Context (with Mike Maguire, eds, 1994) and The State
of Our Prisons (with Kathleen McDermott, 1995). He has also written
numerous articles and contributions to books and is presently engaged in
writing a book on the Russian system of corrective labour.
Notes on the Contributors ix
Nikos Koulouris is a doctoral candidate in criminology. He is associated
with the Centre for Penal and Criminological Research (CPCR), and a
member of the Laboratory of Criminological Sciences at the University of
Thrace. His main interests lie in theoretical criminology and prison reform.
Peter Marshall is a Senior Research Officer in the Home Office
Research and Statistics Directorate. His research interests include
corrections, recidivism and effectiveness of treatment interventions with
offenders, particularly sexual offenders.
Roger Matthews is a Reader in Criminology and Sociology in the
Department of Sociology and Social Policy at Middlesex University. He
has edited several books including Informal Justice? (1988), Privatizing
Criminal Justice (1989) and (with J. Young) Issues in Realist
Criminology (1992).
Alexander S. Mikhlin is Professor of Law and Honoured Scientist of
the Russian Federation. He is now the Chief Researcher at the Research
Institute of the Russian Federation (formerly of the Soviet Union) where
he has worked for the last three decades. His principal fields of interest
are in criminal and correctional law and he is the author of more than
300 publications including some fifty books and occasional papers,
several of which have been published in the West. His most recent
publications include commentaries on the Criminal Code and the
Correctional Code of the Russian Federation.
Wayne Morrison teaches criminology and jurisprudence in the Faculty
of Law at Queen Mary and Westfield College, London. His research
interests are in the areas of legal theory and criminology and he is
currently working on a book on jurisprudence in the changing contexts
of modernity, and has recently written an undergraduate text in
criminology for law students entitled Theoretical Criminology: From
Modernity to Post-Modernism (1995).
Monika Platek is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Law at
Warsaw University. She studied at the University of Oslo and became
involved in comparative criminal justice and European parliamentary
systems, and more recently she has been Visiting Professor at the
University of Chicago (1992-94).
X Notes on the Contributors
Margaret Shaw is an Assistant Professor in the Department of
Sociology and Anthropology at Concordia University, Montreal, and a
Research Associate at the Simone de Beauvoir Institute. She has worked
as a criminologist and social policy adviser since 1964, first in the Home
Office Research and Planning Unit in England, and since 1986 in Canada
as an independent research consultant. She has a particular interest in
women in conflict with the Jaw, and has undertaken a number of studies
of women's imprisonment in Canada for the federal and provincial
governments.
Sonja Snacken holds degrees in Jaw and criminology and is Professor of
Criminology, Penology and the Sociology of Law at the Free University
of Brussels. She has published books on sentencing, prison
overcrowding and privatization of prisons in Dutch and a number of
articles in French and English on the Belgian prison system, prisoners'
rights, pre-trial detention, short- and long-term prisoners and other penal
matters.
Richard Sparks teaches criminology at Keele University, having
previously worked at the Open University and the University of
Cambridge. He has written on a number of aspects of prisons and penal
policy including: regimes in long-term prisons; prison disorders;
international comparisons in prison populations; and the politics of
prison privatization. He is co-editor (with John Muncie) of
Imprisonment: European Perspectives (1991) and co-author (with Keith
Bottomley and Alison Liebling) of An Evaluation of Bar tinnie and Shotts
Units (1994) and (with Tony Bottoms and Will Hay) of Prisons and the
Problem of Order (1996). He is also the author of Television and the
Drama of Crime (1992).
Calliope Spinellis is Professor of Criminology and Penology at the
University of Athens Law School and Director of the Centre for Penal
and Criminological Research at the same university. Professor Calliope
Spinellis holds a Doctor of Comparative Law degree from the University
of Chicago Law School and a postdoctoral degree from the Law School
of the University of Athens, Greece. She has served on a number of Jaw
drafting committees of the Greek Ministry of Justice and is the author of
a number of books and articles, including Crime and Criminology in
Greece (1983), Custodial and Non-Custodial Sanctions in the Greek