Priscileo roskellyae sp. nov. (Thylacoleonidae, Marsupialia) from the Oligocene-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland

7 Pages·1997·1.9 MB·English

PRISCILEOROSKELLYAE SP. NOV. (THYLACOLEONIDAE, MARSUPIALIA) FROM
THEOLIGOCENE-MIOCENE OFRIVERSLEIGH, NORTHWESTERN QUEENSLAND
ANNAGILLESPIE
Gillespie,A., 19970630.Priscileoroskellyaesp.nov.(Thylacoleonidae,Marsupialia)from
the Oligocene-Miocene ofRiversleigh, northwestern Queensland Memoirsofthe Queens-
landMuseum41{2): 321-327. Brisbane. ISSN0079-8835.
UpperdentitionofthemarsupiallionPriscileoroskellyaesp.nov. fromtheUpperSiteLocal
Fauna of Riversleigh provides the first detailed information about upper dentition of the
genus. The upperadult dental formula is 11-3, CI, PI-3, Ml-4. This species is smallerthan
P.pitikantensisandisthemostplesiomorphicthylacoleonid. Relativeto Wakaleo, P3 isless
bowed and molars are square and have a metaconule at their posterior margin.
\Z\Thylacoleonidae, Wakaleoninae. Priscileo, Riversleigh, Oligocene, Miocene.
Anna Gillespie, SchoolofBiologicalScience, University ofNew South Wales, New South
Wales2052, Australia; received 15 February J997.
The marsupial lion genus Priscileo Rauscher, outline, with a posterolingual metaconule; ante-
1987 contains only P. pitikantensis Rauscher, rior root of the zygomatic arch projecting an-
1987, from the late Oligocene Ngapakaldi Local terolaterally dorsal toM2-3.
Fauna, S. Austwhich is known only from amax-
illary fragment, afewteeth, andanumberofpost Priscileo roskellyae sp. nov.
cranial elements. Additional Priscileo material (Figs 1-3)
hasbeenrecovered from theOligocene-Miocene
of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. This MATERIAL. Holotype QMF23453. a skull with left
material includes a nearcomplete skull from the and right P3, Ml-2, alveoli forleft and right 12-3,CI,
Upper Site Local Fauna representing Priscileo Pl-2, M3-4, and partial alveoli fortheleft andright II
roskellyae sp. nov. from early Miocene Upper Site, Godthelp Hill,
Riversleigh.
Dental terminology formolars andthe lastpre-
molarfollowsLuckett(1993)whohasshownthat ETYMOLOGY. FortheformerAustralian Ministerof
a molariform dP3 (Ml of Archer, 1978) in mar- Arts,Sport,theEnvironment,TourismandTerritories,
supials is replaced by P3. Accordingly, the re- the Hon. Ros Kelly, who provided significant support
maining molars represent Ml-4. However, forthe Riversleigh Project.
homology oftheotherpremolars follows Flower
(1867).Material ishousedin theCommonwealth DIAGNOSIS (by comparison with the type and
Palaeontological Collection, Bureau of Mineral only other species). Smaller; P3 approximately
Resources, Canberra (CPC), Northern Territory 2/3 as long; metaconule on Ml and M2; alveolus
Museum (NTM), Queensland Museum (QMF), ofPI closer to the P2 alveolus than to the canine
South Australian Museum (SAMP), Museum of alveolus; lingual root on Ml smaller, not intrud-
Palaeontology, University ofCalifornia, Berke- ing as far medially into the palate.
ley (UCMPB).
DESCRIPTION. Upperdentition. Formula 11-3,
SYSTEMATICS CI, PI-3, Ml-4. Alveoli for II large and incom-
plete. Alveolus for 12 smallest ofincisoralveoli.
SOurpdereorrDdeIrPMRAORTSOUDPOINATLIIAAOIwlleinge,r, 8186161 Alveolus for CI ovoid, larger than alveolus for
Family THYLACOLEONIDAEGill,1 1872 1t3o,1s3maalllveerotlhuasntthhaatnfotroIPII.Caalnvienoeluasl.veTolwuoscslmoaslelr
alveoli for two single-rooted pretnolars between
PriscileoRauscher, 1987
thecanineandP3. CI andPI alveoli separatedby
TYPE SPECIES. Priscileo pitikantensis Rauscher, anapproximately3mm.P2alveolusclosebehind
1987. that for PI, abutting the anteriorbase ofP3.
DIAGNOSIS. Small; P3 length usually less than P3. As in Wakaleobut 25-66% smaller. Posterior
12mm; Ml and M2 relatively square in basal portion only slightly broader than the anterior
322 MEMOIRS OFTHEQUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG. 1. Priscileo roskellyae sp. nov.. holotype, QMF23453, partial skull, from Upper Site, Godthelp Hil
Riversleigh. Ventral view slereopair, showingupperdentition.
portion (unlike Wakaleo where the posterior is curving slightly anteriorly as it ascends and
much broader). Longitudinal blade slightly in- merges with the base of the crown. Many T.
wardly-curved in contrast to the distinctive in- carnifex and T. crassidentatiis also with lingual
wardly-curved blade of most Wakaleo. blade in contrast to W. alcootaensis and W.
Relativelyuniformwidthwithgentlycurvedlon- vanderleueriin whichitisabsent. Posteriortothe
gitudinalbladegivingP3rectangularshape.Lon- lingual blade the lingual flank of P3 formiing a
gitudinal blade running between 2 major cusps. sharp depression extending from the base to the
In buccal view, the shearing blade of P3 W- crown. Lingual flank following the curve ofthe
shaped, thelongitudinal blade foiming therisein posterior root, curving convexly to the posterior
the middle, and the anterior and posterior blades border. Buccal bladeoftheanteriorcusp ascend-
ascending from the majorcusps at each end. The ing in a slight posterior direction, merging with
anteriorcusp is slightly higher than the posterior the crown midway up the tooth. Short buccal
(as in W. alcootaensis). In W. vanderleueri the blade also ascending from the posterior cusp,
cusps are approximately equal in height. Three mergingwiththecrown midwayupthetooth, not
vertical blades,oneanterior,one lingual, andone asprominentastheanteriorbuccal blade. Similar
buccal, ascending from the anterior cusp to the anterior and posterior buccal blades in Wakaleo.
base of the crown. Anterior blade curving lin- Posteriorbladerunning posterolaterally from the
gually as it ascends, bending slightly posteriorly posteriorcusptotheposteriormarginofthetooth,
before merging with the base ofthe crown. Lin- anextensionofthelongitudinalblade,contiguous
gualcurvatureofbladeproducingasmall vertical with the preparacrisla of Ml, in P3 of Wakaleo
lip towards the base of the blade. Similar lip in but absent in Thyiacoleo. Short oblique blade at
someRiversleigh Wakaleo.Posteriortothisblade termination of posterior blade at the posterior
lingual face of the crown curving concavely margin of P3, ascending anterolaterally on the
forming an anterolingual basin. Lingual blade buccal flank, merging midway with the base of
PRISCILEO ROSKELLYAESP. NOV. FROM RIVERSLEIGH 323
TABLE 1. Dimensionsofuppercheekleeihofspecies trigon basin. VV. vanderleueri and Riversleigh
of Priscileo and Wakaleo. Data from Clemens & Wakaleo with much straighter and longer blade
aPlnadnMeu(r1r9a74y),&AMrecghierri&anR(i1c9h90()1.98M2e)a,sRuaruesmcehnetrs(1f9or87P). aprsocleoncdriisntga alriinsgiunagllfyrofmrothme tahnteerpiaorraecdognee.ofPrtch-e
poiftiUkCaMniPe8ns8i4s4(8ex.ceap=ta!Pv3e)owleusremteaakseunrefmreonmtf.romacaste trigon basin medial to the paraconule, running
postcromedially to the proiucone. From the pro-
tocone a postprotocrista running posteriorly to a
Length(mm)
| metaconule. Postmetaconulecrista curving
P3 Ml M2 M3 M4 P3/M1
1 posterolaterally from the metaconule. ascending
P. roskellvae \\ to merge with the posterior margin of the
QMF23453 8.2 5.8 4.3 3.3a 2.9a i.4. postmetacrista. Short crescent-shaped ridge as-
P.pitikamensis \ cending lingual face of metacone, terminating
UCMP88448 1 1.0a 6.5a 5.3 3.7a 3.5a 1.69 1 midway between metacone and metaconule. Ml
U'. aicootaensis \\ ofVV. vanderleueriand Riversleigh Wakaleowhh
NTMPI 23.3 14.7 7.2 1 - 1.58 1 sfiomrimlianrgrimdagreg.inBslaodfesa jdoeienpi,ngsqtuhaere4tmraijgoonrbcaussipns.
VV. vanderleueri \\ Withinthebasin,fineenamelcrenulationsradiate
CPC26604 17.9 11.2 7.0 5.0 - 1.59 1 outwards. Similarcrenulatcd trigon basins occur
Riversleigh Wakaleo 1 in Wakaleo and T. crassidentatus. Buccal flank
QQMMFF2234464860 1122..96a 89..96a 66..30 45..92a 4.-3a 11..3414 oafbMroIa,desbpaesceiaflolrytahnetesriiyolrairy.shsewlofl.lAensrteyslualrtibnagsiinn
QMR3443 12.2 9.4 6.0 4.5 3.5a 1.30 running from the posterobuccal face of the
paracone to the posterobuccal margin of the
metacone, becoming shallower posteriorly. Lat-
the crown, lacking in Thylacoleo and W. ai-
eral wall of the basin lined with small vertical
cootaensis. VV. vanderleueriwith asmall blade in
ridges.
a similar position, differing by commencing a
short distance before the end of the posterior M2. M2 smallerthan M lacking the distinctive
blade, more vertically oriented. On the buccal 1,
broad siylar shelf and basin. Paracone highest
afnlatnekrioofrP3a,nda bproosatderviaolrlebyurcucnanlinbglabdeetsw,eemnutchhe cusp,morelateral than inM1. Short,semicircular
preparacrista running anteromedially from the
broader, in Wakaleo. paracone. Small ridge buttressing lingual base of
Molars. Left and right Ml and M2 relatively atrhiespianrga,cornuen.nMiendgiaplosttoctrhoismerdidigaellayprteoprotthoecrpirsot-a
unworn. Alveoli for M3 and M4 indicating 3 tocone. Protocone prominent, more anteriorly
rootsforeach;2equalanteriorroots,withslightly placed than in Ml. Protocone lingually bulbous
larger posterior one. In Wakaleo vanderleueri as in P. pitikaniensis and Wakaleo. A narrow
anteriorrootsofM3 larger. MolargradienMt steep, anterior shelf running from the base of the pre-
similar to P. pitikaniensis and Wakaleo. 1 and paracrista to the protocone. Postprotocrista run-
M2 square, unlike the triangular molars in ning posterobuccally to a gently-rounded,
Wakaleo. Molarmorphology similarto Wakaleo. posterior metaconule, producing squaring ofthe
Ml wider anterioriy than posterioriy. Paracone lingual outline. No metaconule on M2 of P.
highest cusp. Small blade ascending anterioriy pitikaniensisbut could be lost by damage to rear
from the paracone to the anterior edge, joining portion of the tooth. Short postmetaconulecrista
siylar cusp B, contiguous with blade ascending runningposterolaterally, merging with theposte-
from theposteriorcuspofP3. Postparacrislarun- rior margin of the tooth. Metacone rounded and
M
ning posteriorly, meeting the ascending pre- moreposteriorlysituatedthan in I,with lingual
metacrisla, forming a notch midway along the blade running medially, connecting with a small
straight centrocrista. Metacone well-developed. blade running laterally from the metaconule,
Postmetacrista ascending posteriorly from the forming anterior borderofa small, oval, basin at
M
metaconetotheposteriormarginof 1.Buttress- the posterior. Postparacrisla running
ing the steep lingual face ofthe paracone a short posterolaterally tothe buccal marginofthe stylar
crescent-shaped preparaconulecrisia straighten- shelf, converging with anlerolaterally orientated
ing medially, terminating at a paraconulc. Short premetacrista. Deep, square, trigon basin be-
postparaconulccrista running posteriorly into the tween the majorcusps with fine enamel crenula-
324 MEMOIRS OFTHEQUEENSLANDMUSEUM
18.1
FIG.2.Prisciieoroskellyae sp.nov.,balo(>pe,QMF23453,measurements(mm)oflefttooihrow.P^onleft,M'
andM^.
lions concentrated on the lateral and posterior crenulate, anieroposieriorly broad trigon basin.
walls.CrcnulatcdbasinsinM2ofP.paikantensi.s SomeofthenewRiversleigh Wakaleospecimens
and Wakaleo. On the buccal margin of M2 a have these features. Two Wakaleo specimens
small, elongate, stylar basin parallel to the have an M4(Table I ). and most havearelatively
postparacnsla. terminating midway between the broad crenulaied basin on M2. All species of
paracone and melacone. Similar basin in Wakaleohavc^P3/M\ ratiooflessthan 1.70.The
Riversleigh WakaU'ty. dii'tlcull to discern in the valueforA roskellyae(1.41)fallsmidwaywilhin
heavily worn M2 ofW. vanderleueri. this range.
Rauscher (1987) distinguished Prisciieo from
COMPARISON. P. roskellytje differs from all Wakaleo by the loss of PI or 2 and M4 in the
speciesofWakaleoin: hein"smaller, the P3ofP. jailer, Although some new Riversleigh Wakaleo
roskellyae is approximately 1/3 length of P3 of specimens have these teeth, Ihe plesiomorphic
$V. akoQtaemis. Ml the length of P3 of W. features of P. roskellyae exhibits (signiUcanily
vanderleueri, and 2/3 the length of P3s of smallersi/e,squaremolarshape, metaconuleand
Riversleigh Wakaleo; having a lingual crest as- relatively straight cutting blade on P3) require
cend from the anterior cusp of P3; having the generic distinction. P. pitikantensis and P.
shearingbladeofP3slraighter: havingtheposte- roskellyae^harcgenericfeaturesofdenialdimen-
riorroot ofP3 only slightly enlarged; having the sions, shape c»f M2 and position of the anterior
posterior half of P3 relatively square in basal base of Ihe zygomatic arch. Spccillc distinction
outline; having MI and M2 relatively square in of P. roskellyae is based on the si/e difference
basal outline. P. roskellyae differs from Tfiy- between these two species.P. pitikantensis being
lacoleo in: being smaller; P3 being approxi- 33% larger.
mately 1/3 length ofP3 ofr. /?///( and 1/6 length
ofP3ofT. carnife.w having M3-(4; having M1+2 INTRAFAMILIALRELATIONSHIPS
relatively square in basal outline.
Rauscher(1987) found no synapomorphies unit-
DISCUSSION ing Prisciieo and Wakaleo, or uniting Prisciieo
and Tbxiacoleo. Analysis ofPrisciieo and Thy-
ThediagnosisofPrisciieois amended to include lacoleo included comparison ofpostcranial ma-
P. roskellyae. Rauscher (1987) distinguished terial and for a number of character-slates,
Prisciieo from other thylacoleonids by M4, a Thylacoleo exhibited the plesiomorphic condi-
P3/MI length ratio less than 1.70, and M2 with a tion while Prisciieo was derived. Rauschercon-
PRISCtLEO ROSKELLYAESP. NOV. FROM RIVERSLEIGH 325
prpac
me
mcl
ac alb linb
5mm
FIG. 3. Priscileoraskellyaesp.nov.. hokHype. QMP'23453. left cheekdentition. lb=longJtudinal blade: ab-an-
leriorblade: pb=posierior blade; ac—anteriorcusp;pc=posienorcusp: abb^anieriorbuccal blade: linb=lingual
blade; pbb=posieriar buccal blade; aIb=anterior lingual basin: pa=paracone; pacl=paraconulc; prpac=pre-
paracrista; popuc=posiparacri&ia; prpaclc=preparaconulecris»la; popack-postparaconulecrisia; pr=proiocone:
mcl=nielaconule; pomck-posttnetaconulecrista: rrie=metacone; ponic=posimelacrista; prmc=premetacrista:
5tB=siy!arcusp B: trb=trigone basin.
eluded that Thylacoleo\ priniiiivc fcaiures were Thylacoleoninae which includes ThylacoleoiXJid
secondarily derived and not a retained possibly Priscileo. Wakaleonines were regarded
plesiomorphic condition. Because Wakaleo and to differ from ihylacoleonines in absence of PI
Thylacoleo share the synapomorphy of loss of and formation of a tympanic wmg composed of
M-i,Rauschcr( 1987)consideredthemtobesister alisphenoid and squamosal contributions. Fea-
groups.Priscileo wasregardedasthesistergroup tures distinguishing Ihylacoleonines from
ofa Wakaleo/Thylacoleoclade. wakaleonines include PI. squamosal contribu-
Rauscher (1987) suggested that loss of the tion to the tympanic wing and frontal-squamosal
melaconulc could he adiagnostic feature forthe contact on the lateral cranial wait. The new thy-
Thylacolconidae basedon the irilubcrcularupper lacoleonid specimens from Riverslcigh indicate
molars ofWakoleo andPriscileoand the second- that, in terms of dental morphology. Priscileo
arily quadritubercular Ml of Thylacoleo. How- evhibits no features that prevent it from being
ever, Ml and M2 of P. raskellyae have a ancestral to Wakaleo and Thylacoleo. The dental
metaconulc and are basically square in outline. features of Priscileo, including small P3 and
The metaconule on these molars, especially on molar si?e, square (nearly bunodont) molar
M2, is posteriorly positioned and its seeming shape, metaconule. and lull premolar and molar
absence from M2 of P, pirikantetisis may be a complement are almt)si certainly plesiomorphic
result of damage which is evident at the rear features within the family.
margin of this tooth. Consequently, loss of the However, these same features clarify some
metaconule can no longer be considered a syn- questions about relationships ofthe family with
apomorphy forthe family- the Order Diproiodontia. ll was oncecommonly
Murray el al. (1987) placed Wakaleo and Thy- believed that ihylacoleonids evolved from a
lacoleo in separate subfamilies: the Waka- phalangerid-like diprotodontian which had
leoninac includes Wakaleo; and the quadritubercularuppermolarsincludingahyper-
326 MEMOIRSorTHEQUEENSLAND MUSEUM
LrophicdmclacoTiulc(Krcll(, l872;Uroom. 1898; Bcavis,Martin Dickson> Sue&JimEavarackand
Bcnslcy, 1903; Ride, 1964: Archer, 1976). Sue& DonScott-Orr. Invaluableassistanceinthe
Archer ^ Rich (19821 hypoihcsised th;il ihe field has ci^mc from numerous volunteers, staff
IriluhcrcularshapeofthemolarsofVV. nlaforneih and postgraduate students of Ihe University of
jf'y wca' secondarily derived from an anee5.lral New South Wales.
quadrituhcrcular shape through suppression of
the niciaconule. Il has been suggesied ihal the LITERATURECITED
iriani^ular moiurs of Wakalvo are plesiomorphic
torihe family(Murrayeta!., 1987).Theprimitive ARC^III'.R, M. 1976. Phiiscolarclidorigins and ihc po-
dental features of A* rnskellyae, especially Ihe Icnlial ofihc scleaodonlmularintlieevolutionof
meiaconuleaudsquaremolarshape,providesup- di()a»icxiont marsupials. Memoirsofihc Queens-
port forArcher i<c Rich Uy«2). land Museum 17: 367-371_
Priscileo and Wdkdh'o have been collected 1^>78 Thenatureofihcmolar-premolafbuundaiy(n
from Riversleigh's System B sites indicating marsupials and a rcinrcrprclatiori of ihc lioniol-
overkipping ol early Miocene thylacoleonid lin- oQ>u!;eyenosflamanrdsuMpuisaleucmhe1c8k:ic1c5i7h-16M4e,moirs of the
eages. Temixirai overlapping of species of T/n^ ARCHER. M, & DAWSON. L. I9S2, Revision oi
lacoleo (/". crassitietitattts <ind T. hilli) also mnrsupiul lions ofthe genus Thyfctcolco Gei-vais
occurred in the early Pliocene {Archer Sl Daw- (Thylacoieonidac: Marsupiaha) and lh>-
son, 1982). In each case there was a distinct si/c lacoleomd evolution in tlic late Caino/oic. Pp.
difference inthelineagesinvolved. In tcrmsolPJ 477-494. In Archer.M. (cd.).Carnivorous rn;irsU'
length. System B spt^^imens of Waktilcr^ arc ap- pialb. (Royal Zoological Society ol Ncsv South
proximately 1.5 limes larger than P. roskcllyae. Wales: Sydney).
Similarlv. P3 of */" crassiderttattis is iv^ice |he ARCHER, M., HANDJ.H. JtGODTHhLP. H. 1991.
lengthofihauooih in T. //////(Pledge, 1977). It is Rivcrsicigh. tRccd Bcniks: Sydney).
possible (hat si/e di|Terer)ces of this magnitude 19^.)4.PatternsiniliehistoryofAustralia'smammals
amongsympatriclhylaci>lconidswerean iinporl- and inferencesahoui palacohabilats. Pp.80-103.
InHill,R.(ed.).HistoryofAustralianvegetation.
iint factorin reducing compeiuion. Morphologi- (Cambridge University Press- (^ambridge)
cal studiesofthe limbsofP. pitikantensissuggest 1*1*95. Tertiary environmental and biotic change in
ilwasarboreal (Rauscher, 19H7). Wakuleo. being Australia. Pp77-90. InVrba.E.S.Denton.G.H..
largerUiui nodouhi heavier, may havebeen n'lt^rc Partridge. T.C. & Burcklc, L.H (ed>^). Paloocli*
terrestrial. Murray ^ Megirian (199G) also inti- mate and cvoluiion, with emphasis on human
mated a icrresirial cxistchce fcir Wakaleo based origin.s. (Yale Utiiversily l*i'css: New Haveni.
on the wrist joint ant! heavily-worn dentition ARCHER M. & RICH. T.fl. I98I Results ofttic Ray
uhich they consider may indicate a .scavenging E Lemlcy Expeditions. \]'nkaleo alcnoiaemis n
modeof life. psip,al(lTihoynlafcrooimeoInhiedaMci:ocMearnseupoifatlhiea)N.oannheewmmTacrns-ui--
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS tor>'. with IIconsiderationoftheearlyradiationof
the family. Pp.495 502. In Archer, M. (ed.),Car-
nivoriJUN marsupials. {Royal ZAXiIogieai Society
1 thank Michael ArcherandHcnkGodthclpfor ol New Siiulh Wales; Sydney.!.
constructive comments and Siephan Williams, BFNSLEY.B A, 1*^)3 OnthecvoUui(moftheAustra-
Karen Black and Jenni Brammall lor assistance lianMarsupialia; wiUirLMnajksonrelationshipsof
with photography Support for research at the niaisupials in general. Transactions of Ihe
Rivcrslcigh has coinc from the Australian Re- Linnaean Society ofLt^ndon (Zool) Ser. 29: 83-
search Grant Scheme; liie National Csl;iie Grants 217
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PRJSCILEO ROSKELLYAESP. NOV. FROM RIVERSLEIGH 327
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