PRINT Version

116 Pages·2007·12.47 MB·English

HERALDRY BIOGRAPHIES
and
of the
HEINEMAN ROYAL
ANCESTORS
of
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
HERALDRY and BIOGRAPHIES
of the
HEINEMAN ROYAL
ANCESTORS
of
MEDIEVAL EUROPE

INTRODUCTION

After producing numerous editions and revisions of the Another way in which the royal house of a given country
familiy genealogy report and subsequent support may change is when a foreign prince is invited to fill a
documents the lineage to numerous royal ancestors of vacant throne or a next-of-kin from a foreign house
Europe although evident to me as the author was not clear succeeds. This occurred with the death of childless Queen
to the readers. The family journal format used in the Anne of the House of Stuart: she was succeeded by a
reports, while comprehensive and the most popular form prince of the House of Hanover who was her nearest
for publishing genealogy can be confusing to individuals Protestant relative.
wishing to trace a direct ancestral line of descent. Not
everyone wants a report encumbered with the names of Unlike all Europeans, most of the world's Royal Families
every child born to the most distant of family lines. do not really have family names and those that have
adopted them rarely use them. They are referred to
A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used instead by their titles, often related to an area ruled or
by royalty. It generally represents the members of a family once ruled by that family. The name of a Royal House is
in various senior and junior or cadet branches, who are not a surname; it just a convenient way of dynastic
loosely related but not necessarily of the same immediate identification of individuals.
kin. Because of royal intermarriage and the creation of
cadet branches, a royal house generally will not entirely This project focuses specifically on the heraldry and
correspond to one family or place; members of the same biographies of Heineman ancestors from the various royal
house in different branches may rule entirely different houses of medieval Europe. The genealogical tables are
countries and only be vaguely related. The family may taken from, “Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe” by
have originated entirely elsewhere. Jiri Louda and Michael Maclagan. The biographies are
extracted from a variety of references including Mike
Royal house names in Europe are taken from the father; in Ashley’s, “The Mammoth Book of British Kings and
cases where a Queen regnant marries a prince of another Queens: All the kings and Queens of All the Kingdoms of
house, their children (and therefore subsequent Britain throughout the Ages.”
monarchs) belong to his house. Thus Britain's queen
Victoria belonged to the House of Hanover, but her The study of history leads to the study of genealogy and
descendants by her consort prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg- heraldry and vice versa. When combined, no one of these
Gotha became members of that house. (The name was three is a dull affair. The battlefields of Europe were – in
changed to Windsor in 1917.) This has been violated spite of all the savage slaughtering – grand scenes of
recently; the children of queens regnant in the Netherlands heraldic display where gaily colored banners, shields of
and Luxembourg have retained their maternal House arms and surcoats worn over the armout proudly
association and in the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth announced their owners’ might. This project is an attempt
II's descendants by her husband, Prince Philip of Greece to personalize history, by means of genalogy and heraldry.
and Denmark, will officially remain Windsor, although they
are technically of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-
Glücksburg.

2
TABLE CONTENTS
of

Page
4 Heraldry
5 The Rules of Heraldry
7 The Heineman Arms

BIOGRAPHIES
8 Medieval England
52 Scotland
61 Medieval Spain
80 Medieval France
91 Hungary
102 Poland
110 Kievan Rus’ (Russia)

TABLES
9 Great Briatain – General survey
11 England – Normans and early Plantagenets
31 England – Plantagents and the Hundred Years’ War
53 Scotland – Kings until the accession of Robert Bruce
63 Spain – General survey
64 Navarre – General survey
72 Aragon and Castile – Early kings
73 Castile – Union with Leon until the beginning of the 14th century
81 France – Early Capetian kings
92 Hungary – General survey
93 Hungary – House of Arpád
103 Poland – General survey
104 Poland – House of Piast (elder branch)
111 Russia – General survey
3
Heraldry in its m2 ost general se2 nse encompasses all 2 From the beginning of he2 raldry, coats of arms have been
executed in a wide variety of media, including on paper,
matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of
painted wood, embroidery, enamel, stonework, stained
officers of arms. To most, though, heraldry is the practice
glass, and computerized media. For the purpose of quick
of designing, displaying, describing and recording coats of
identification in all of these, heraldry distinguishes only
arms and badges. The origins of heraldry lie in the need to
seven basic colors and makes no fine distinctions in the
distinguish participants in combat when their faces were
hidden by iron and steel helmets. precise size or placement of charges on the field. Coats of
arms and their accessories are described in a concise

jargon called blazon. This technical description of a coat of
Origins and History
arms is the standard that must be adhered to no matter
At the time of the Norman Conquest of England, modern
what artistic interpretations may be made in a particular
heraldry had not yet been developed. The beginnings of
depiction of the arms
modern heraldic structure were in place, but would not

become standard until the middle of the twelfth century.
The idea that each element of a coat of arms has some
By the early thirteenth Century, coats of arms were being
specific meaning is unfounded. Though the original
inherited by the children of armigers. In Britain the practice
armiger may have placed particular meaning on a charge,
of using marks of cadency arose to distinguish one son
these meanings are not necessarily retained from
from another, and was institutionalized and standardized
generation to generation. Unless the arms incorporate an
by the John Writhe in the fifteenth century.
obvious pun on the bearer's name, it is difficult to find

meaning.
In the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, heraldry

became a highly developed discipline, regulated by
The development of firearms made plate armor obsolete
professional officers of arms. As its use in jousts became
and heraldry became detached from its original function.
obsolete coats of arms remained popular for visually
This brought about the development of "paper heraldry"
identifying a person in other ways—impressed in sealing
that only existed in paintings. Designs and shields became
wax on documents, carved on family tombs, and flown as
more elaborate at the expense of clarity. The 20th
a banner on country homes.
century's taste for stark iconic emblems made the simple

styles of early heraldry fashionable again.

4
The Rules of Heraldry form to use proper as a method of circumventing the
tincture convention.
Shield and Lozenge

The focus of modern heraldry is the armorial achievement,
Divisions of the Field
or coat of arms. The central element of a coat of arms is
The field of a shield in
the shield. In general the shape of shield employed in a
heraldry can be divided
coat of arms is irrelevant. The fashion for shield shapes
into more than one
employed in heraldic art has generally evolved over the
tincture, as can the various
centuries. There are times when a particular shield shape
heraldic charges. Many
is specified in a blazon.
coats of arms consist

simply of a division of the
Traditionally, as women did not go to war, they did not use
field into two contrasting
a shield. Instead their coats of arms were shown on a
tinctures. Since these are
lozenge—a rhombus standing on one of its acute corners.
considered divisions of a
This continues to hold true in much of the world, though
shield the rule of tincture
some heraldic authorities make exceptions. In Canada the
can be ignored. For
restriction against women bearing arms on a shield has
example, a shield divided
been completely eliminated. Noncombatant clergy have
azure and gules would be
also made use of the lozenge as well as the cartouche—
perfectly acceptable. A line
an oval-shaped vehicle for their display.
of partition may be straight

or it may be varied. The

variations of partition lines
Tinctures
can be wavy, indented,
Tinctures are the colors used
embattled, engrailed, or
in heraldry. Since heraldry is
made into myriad other
essentially a system of
forms.
identification, the most

important convention of
Ordinaries
heraldry is the rule of
In the early days of
tincture. To provide for
heraldry, very simple bold
contrast and visibility
metals—generally lighter rectilinear shapes were
tinctures—must never be painted on shields. These
could be easily recognized
placed on metals and
at a long distance and
colors—generally darker
could also be easily
tinctures—must never be
remembered. They
placed on colors. There are
therefore served the main
instances where this cannot
purpose of heraldry—
be help, such as where a
identification. As more
charge overlays a partition of
complicated shields came
the field. Like any rule, this
into use, these bold
admits exceptions, the most
shapes were set apart in a
famous being the arms
separate class as the
chosen by Godfrey of
"honorable ordinaries."
Bouillon when he was made
King of Jerusalem. They act as charges and
are always written first in

blazon. Unless otherwise
The names used in English blazon for the tinctures come
specified they extend to
mainly from French and include Or (gold), Argent (white),
the edges of the field.
Azure (blue), Gules (red), Sable (black), Vert (green), and
Though ordinaries are not
Purpure (purple). A number of other colors are
occasionally found, typically for special purposes. easily defined, they are
generally described as

including the cross, the
Besides tinctures, certain patterns called furs can appear
fess, the pale, the bend,
in a coat of arms. The two common furs are ermine and
the chevron, the saltire,
vair. Ermine represents the winter coat of the stoat, which
and the pall.
is white with a black tail. Vair represents a kind of squirrel

with a blue-gray back and white belly sewn together it
forms a pattern of alternating blue and white shapes.

Heraldic charges can also be displayed in their natural
colors. Many natural items such as plants and animals are
described as proper in this case. Proper charges are very

frequent as crests and supporters. It is considered bad
5
There is also a separate class of charges called sub- Helm and Crest
ordinaries which are of geometrical shape subordinate to In English the word "crest" is commonly used to refer to a
the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by coat of arms—an entire heraldic achievement. The correct
their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include the use of the heraldic term crest refers to just one component
inescutcheon, the orle, the tressure, the double tressure, of a complete achievement. The crest rests on top of a
the bordure, the chief, the canton, the label, and helmet which itself rests on the most important part of the
flaunches. achievement—the shield. The crest is usually found on a
wreath of twisted cloth and sometimes within a coronet.
Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case The modern crest has evolved from the three-dimensional
English blazon gives them different names such as pallets, figure placed on the top of the mounted knights' helms as
bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no a further means of identification. In most heraldic traditions
such distinction between these diminutives and the a woman does not display a crest, though this tradition is
ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified being relaxed in some heraldic jurisdictions.
an ordinary is drawn with straight lines, but each may be
indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have When the helm and crest are shown, they are usually
their lines varied. accompanied by a mantling. This was originally a cloth
worn over the back of the helmet as partial protection
Charges against heating by sunlight. Today it takes the form of a
A charge is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield stylized cloak or hanging from the helmet. Typically in
or on any other object of in an armorial composition. Any British heraldry, the outer surface of the mantling is of
object found in nature or technology may appear as a principal color in the shield and the inner surface is of the
heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, principal metal. The mantling is conventionally depicted
objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries, with a ragged edge, as if damaged in combat.
the most frequent charges are the cross—with its Clergy often refrain from displaying a helm or crest in their
hundreds of variations—and the lion and eagle. Other heraldic achievements. Members of the Roman Catholic
common animals are fish, martlets, griffins, boars, and clergy may display appropriate headwear. This takes the
stags. Dragons, unicorns, and more exotic monsters form of a galero with the colors and tassels denoting rank.
appear as charges but also as supporters. In the Anglican tradition, clergy members may pass crests
on to their offspring, but rarely display them on their own
Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or shields.
attitudes. Quadrupeds can often be found rampant—
standing on the left hind foot. Another frequent position is Mottoes
passant, or walking, like the lions of the Coat of Arms of An armorial motto is a phrase or collection of words
England. Eagles are almost always shown with their wings intended to describe the motivation or intention of the
spread, or displayed. armigerous person or corporation. This can also form a
pun on the family name as in the Neville motto "Ne vile
In English heraldry the crescent, mullet, martlet, annulet, velis." Mottos are generally changed at will and do not
fleur-de-lis, and rose may be added to a shield to make up an integral part of the armorial achievement.
distinguish cadet branches of a family from the senior line. Mottoes can typically be found on a scroll under the shield.
These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than In Scottish heraldry where the motto is granted as part of
normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield the blazon, it is usually shown on a scroll above the crest.
containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of A motto may be in any language.
these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced
coats of arms. Supporters and Other Insignia
Supporters are human or animal figures placed on either
Marshalling side of a coat of arms as though supporting it. In many
Marshalling is the art of correctly arranging armorial traditions, these have acquired strict guidelines for use by
bearings. Two or more coats of arms are often combined certain social classes. On the European continent, there
in one shield to express inheritance, claims to property, or are often less restrictions on the use of supporters. In
the occupation of an office. Marshalling can be done in a Britain only peers of the realm, senior members of orders
number of ways, but the principal modes of include of knighthood, and some corporate bodies are granted
impalement and dimidiation. This involves using one supporters. Often these can have local significance or a
shield with the arms of two families or corporations on historical link to the armiger.
either half. Another method is called quartering, in which
the shield is divided into quadrants. One might also place If the armiger has the title of baron, hereditary knight, or
a small inescutcheon of a coat of arms on the main shield. higher, he or she may display a coronet of rank above the
shield. In Britain this is usually below the helmet, though it
When more than four coats are to be marshalled, the is often above the crest in Continental heraldry.
principle of quartering may be extended to two rows of
three (quarterly of six) and even further. A few lineages Another addition that can be made to a coat of arms is the
have accumulated hundreds of quarters, though such a insignia of an order of knighthood. This is usually
number is usually displayed only in documentary contexts. represented by a collar or similar band surrounding the
Some traditions have a strong resistance to allowing more shield. When the arms of a knight and his wife are shown
than four quarters, and resort instead to sub-quartering. in one achievement, the insignia of knighthood surround
the husband's arms only, and the wife's arms are
6
customarily surrounded by a meaningless ornamental shield colors were chosen to signify American service.
garland of leaves for visual balance. The eagle has a number of meanings. The surname
Jensen is a variant of the "son of Jens" or the "son of
Modern Heraldry John." Usually this has an ancient allusion to respect for
Heraldry continues to flourish today in the modern day. St. John, who is represented by the eagle in ancient and
Institutions, companies, and members of the public may modern religious iconography. The eagle with turned-
obtain officially recognized coats of arms from down wings alludes to Germanic ancestry. The fleur-de-lis
governmental heraldic authorities. However, many users on a golden background (a reversal of the ancient French
of modern heraldic designs do not register with heraldic flag colors) alludes to Wilhelm's military service for the
authorities, and some designers do not follow the rules of United States in France as part of the Allied Forces during
heraldic design at all. WWI. The fleur-de-lis is representative of the Crum family
origins. The fleur-de-lis is an adaptation of the lily,
In Scotland the control of heraldry is fully legal and the generally recognized as one of the most highly regarded
Lord Lyon King of Arms retains powers—including charges with those of royalty and nobility. The three
imprisonment, fines, and defacement of illegitimate arms. leaves of the fleur-de-lis represent courage, faith, and
His office has no equivalent in England and is closer to wisdom.
that of the Earl Marshal than that of Garter Principal King
of Arms. The Helm
The proper helmet of a gentleman's coat of arms is the
Heineman Arms "tilting" helm.

The Heineman Armorial Bearings are registered to
The Crest
Wilhelm August Heineman, late of Keokuk, Lee County,
A wreath or torce is common in early arms. The castle in
Iowa; the son of John Henry Heineman and Bertha Ann
the crest alludes to the Burger (meaning dweller in a
Heineman, nee Burger; recognized 16 January 1999 and
castle or town). Growing from the castle is a grove of
entered in the Heraldic Register (American College of
trees, alluding to the Heineman name meaning a man who
Heraldry) under Number 1778.
lives in or protects a grove or forest. The trees are in

Autumn colors to keep from clashing with the other
The blazon for the Heineman Armorial Bearings is as
tinctures. The cross on the castle port is of Germanic
follows:
design referring to the Christian faith.

Per fess Gules and Azure a barrulet Argent, over-all an
The Motto
eagle displayed wings inverted Or, charged on the breast
The motto represents the family's dedication to service
with a fleur-de-lis Azure. Above the Shield is placed a
organizations and their leadership roles.
Helmet with a Mantling Gules doubled Or, and on a

Wreath Or and Gules is set for Crest, a castle with two
Rightful Bearers of the Arms
towers Argent the port occupied by a cross throughout
The bearer of a coat of arms is called the Arminger
Gules, and issuing there above three trees in Autumn
(Wilhelm August Heineman) and the arms are passed to
tinctures Proper, and in an Escrol below the Shield this
the male heirs in direct lineage. The following individuals
Motto: Leadership Through Service.
have rightful use of these arms: Lucille Ann Dodson,

Peter Edward Heineman, Sharen Lee Heineman, Bim
The Shield
August Heineman, Peter Lea Heineman, Chad August
A "fess" is associated with the military girdle and belt of
Heineman.
the ancients and their nobility. The red, white, and blue

7
Medieval England

England and Scotland have known many dynasties of endured only for three generations; and Elizabeth I was
rulers. Table 1 illustrates in outline the descent (in red) of followed by her Scottish cousin, James I and VI, in 1603.
Queen Elizabeth II from Duncan, King of Scotland, and Thereafter England and Scotland shared the same ruler.
William the Conqueror of England, and the union of the Then in 1714 George I, Elector of Hanover, arrived from
two countries in the person of James I. Germany and the next five kings were of Teutonic stock.
Queen Victoria married Prince Albers of Saxe-Coburg and
The history of England and our ancestry goes back far Gotha, another German royal family; and Queen Elizabeth
beyond the reign of William I. South of Hadrian’s Wall, the II married the Duke of Edinburgh who in male descent
island had formed part of the Roman Empire, and then derives from the Danish dynasty. Thus the people of
had been largely overrun by Teutonic invaders from England early became used to the idea that the Crown
northern Germany. These Anglo-Saxon barbarians had could pass through a woman and that a queen could reign
driven many of the original Celtic inhabitants towards the over them, ideas which have never been acceptable to the
west and had seized control of the flatter, richer lands of French.
south and east England, lands that throughout history
have been a temptation to raiders from the Continent. At At the top of Table 1 are the two shields of arms
first there were a number of separate Anglo-Saxon associated with Scotland and England. They were not
kingdoms, but from time to time outstanding rulers gained united until 1603, and even then were linked with the arms
a brief supremacy; of such were Ethelbert of Kent, the first of France for another 200 years. It was also in 1603 that
Christian king, at the end of the sixth century, or Offa of the harp, which symbolizes Ireland, was introduced into
Mercia at the end of the eighth. The unity of England was the royal Kings of England had been Lords of Ireland since
accelerated by the need to resist a fresh series of the twelfth century. At the bottom of the Table are the
invasions, by the Vikings who sailed from their arms of Queen Elizabeth II, encircled by the riband of the
Scandinavian homes to plunder, and later to settle, along Garter, as they have been borne by every monarch since
the coasts of England and France. 1837.

Resistance to these invaders was led by Alfred, King of The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom
Wessex – roughly the area south of the Thames – in fierce (depicted above) is the official coat of arms of the British
fighting at the end of the ninth century. For a hundred monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are
years his descendants and our ancestors were rulers of used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch,
England. But troubled times came again at the beginning and are officially known as her Arms of Dominion. Variants
of the eleventh century; Danish and West Saxon kings of the Royal Arms are used by other members of the
both reigned, and there was no accepted system of Royal Family; and by the British Government in
succession. The death without children of the saintly but connection with the administration and government of the
ineffectual Edward the Confessor left the way open for country. In Scotland, the Queen has a separate version of
new contenders. At Hastings, the Englishman Harold was the Royal Arms, a variant of which is used by the Scottish
defeated by the Duke of Normandy. Executive.

Since then England has been ruled by six families, not one The following series of charts documents (in green) the
of which could be called English by name. The Normans English royal lineage of the Heineman family from
were succeeded by the Plantagenets who stemmed from William I through Phillipa Plantagenet who married
Anjou, in central France. At the end of the War of the Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, in 1368. It was through
Roses the last Plantagenet king, Richard III, was this union that the Heineman family enters the royal
overthrown by the Welshman, Henry Tudor. His family English lineage.

8
9
ENGLAND
Heineman Family Lineage from King William I

Generation Ancestor
31 King William I – Matilda of Flanders
30 King Henry I – Matilda of Scotland
29 Queen Matilda – Geoffrey of Anjou
28 King Henry II - Eleanor of Aquitaine
27 King John – Isabella of Angouleme
26 King Henry III – Eleanor of Provence
25 King Edward I – Eleanor of Castile
24 King Edward II – Isabel of France
23 King Edward III – Philippa of Hainault
22 Duke Lionel – Elizabeth de Burgh
21 Phillipa Plantagenet – Edmund Mortimer
20 Elizabeth Mortimer – Henry Percy
19 Henry Percy – Eleanor de Neville
18 Henry Percy – Eleanor Poynings
17 Margaret Percy – William Gascoigne
16 Elizabeth Gascoigne – George Talboys
15 Ann Talboys – Edward Dymoke
14 Frances Dymoke – Thomas Windebank
13 Mildred Windebank – Lt. Col. Robert Reade
12 Lt. Col. George Reade – Elizabeth Martiau
11 Mildred Reade – Col. Augustine Warner
10 Elizabeth Warner – Col. John Lewis II
9 Col. Robert Lewis – Jane Meriwether
8 Col. Nicholas Lewis – Mary Walker
7 Jane Meriwether Lewis – Lt. Hudson Martin
6 Mary Walker Martin – Thurston Dickinson
5 Frances Elizabeth Dickinson – John D. Duggins
4 Elizabeth Marshall Duggins – James Henry Smith
3 Laura Ann Smith – Peter Christen Jensen
2 Lucile Marguerite Jensen – Wilhelm August Heineman
1 Peter Edward Heineman – Doris Jean Crum

10