Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy PDF
Preview Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy
PRINCIPLES of PHARMACOLOGY THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF DRUG THERAPY Third Edition PRINCIPLES of PHARMACOLOGY THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF DRUG THERAPY Third Edition David E. Golan, MD, PhD Editor in Chief Armen H. Tashjian, Jr., MD Deputy Editor Ehrin J. Armstrong, MD, MSc April W. Armstrong, MD, MPH Associate Editors Acquisitions Editor: Susan Rhyner Product Manager: Stacey Sebring Vendor Manager: Bridgett Dougherty Senior Manufacturing Manager: Margie Orzech Marketing Manager: Joy Fisher-Williams Design Coordinator: Teresa Mallon Production Service: Absolute Service, Inc./Maryland Composition © 2012 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street - 4th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in The People’s Republic Of China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Principles of pharmacology : the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy / David E. Golan, editor in chief ; Armen H. Tashjian Jr., deputy editor. — 3rd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60831-270-2 (alk. paper) 1. Pharmacology. 2. Physiology, Pathological. I. Golan, David E. II. Tashjian, Armen H. [DNLM: 1. Pharmacological Phenomena. 2. Drug Therapy. QV 38] RM301.P65 2011 615'.1—dc22 2011008453 Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320. International customers should call (301) 223-2300. Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 AM to 6 PM, EST. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Armen H. Tashjian, Jr. (1932–2009) Friend, mentor, colleague The pharmacologist’s pharmacologist Your spirit lives on within us and within this textbook The Editors Contents F oreword ...................................................................................ix Section IIB Principles of Autonomic and Peripheral Preface .....................................................................................xi Nervous System Pharmacology 109 Preface to the First Edition .........................................................xiii Acknowledgments .....................................................................xv 9 Cholinergic Pharmacology ..............................................110 Alireza Atri, Michael S. Chang, and Gary R. Strichartz Contributors .............................................................................xvii 10 Adrenergic Pharmacology ..............................................132 Brian B. Hoffman and Freddie M. Williams Section I Fundamental Principles of Pharmacology 1 11 Local Anesthetic Pharmacology ......................................147 Joshua M. Schulman and Gary R. Strichartz 1 Drug-Receptor Interactions ................................................2 Zachary S. Morris and David E. Golan Section IIC 2 Pharmacodynamics ..........................................................17 Principles of Central Nervous System Pharmacology 163 Quentin J. Baca and David E. Golan 12 Pharmacology of GABAergic and Glutamatergic 3 Pharmacokinetics ............................................................27 Neurotransmission .........................................................164 Quentin J. Baca and David E. Golan Stuart A. Forman, Janet Chou, Gary R. Strichartz, 4 Drug Metabolism. .............................................................43 and Eng H. Lo Cullen Taniguchi and F. Peter Guengerich 13 Pharmacology of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ........186 5 Drug Toxicity ....................................................................56 David G. Standaert and Ryan R. Walsh Michael W. Conner, Catherine Dorian-Conner, 14 Pharmacology of Serotonergic and Central Adrenergic Laura C. Green, Sarah R. Armstrong, Cullen Taniguchi, Neurotransmission .........................................................207 Armen H. Tashjian, Jr., and David E. Golan Miles Berger and Bryan Roth 6 Pharmacogenomics .........................................................71 15 Pharmacology of Abnormal Electrical Liewei Wang and Richard M. Weinshilboum Neurotransmission in the Central Nervous System .........225 Susannah B. Cornes, Edmund A. Griffi n, Jr., Section II and Daniel H. Lowenstein Principles of Neuropharmacology 80 16 General Anesthetic Pharmacology ..................................240 Jacob Wouden and Keith W. Miller Section IIA 17 Pharmacology of Analgesia ............................................264 Fundamental Principles of Neuropharmacology 81 Robert S. Griffi n and Clifford J. Woolf 18 Pharmacology of Drugs of Abuse ....................................284 7 Principles of Cellular Excitability and Electrochemical Peter R. Martin, Sachin Patel, and Robert M. Swift Transmission ....................................................................82 Lauren K. Buhl, John Dekker, and Gary R. Strichartz Section III 8 Principles of Nervous System Physiology Principles of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 310 and Pharmacology ...........................................................93 Joshua M. Galanter, Susannah B. Cornes, 19 Pharmacology of Cholesterol and and Daniel H. Lowenstein Lipoprotein Metabolism ..................................................311 David E. Cohen and Ehrin J. Armstrong 20 Pharmacology of Volume Regulation. ..............................332 Mallar Bhattacharya and Seth L. Alper vii viii Contents 21 Pharmacology of Vascular Tone ......................................353 3 9 Pharmacology of Cancer: Signal Transduction ................699 Deborah Yeh Chong and Thomas Michel David A. Barbie and David A. Frank 22 Pharmacology of Hemostasis and Thrombosis ................372 40 Principles of Combination Chemotherapy .......................716 April W. Armstrong and David E. Golan Quentin J. Baca, Donald M. Coen, and David E. Golan 23 Pharmacology of Cardiac Rhythm ...................................401 Section VI Ehrin J. Armstrong, April W. Armstrong, and David E. Clapham Principles of Infl ammation and Immune Pharmacology 728 24 Pharmacology of Cardiac Contractility ............................422 Ehrin J. Armstrong and Thomas P. Rocco 41 Principles of Infl ammation and the Immune System .......729 25 Integrative Cardiovascular Pharmacology: Ehrin J. Armstrong and Lloyd B. Klickstein Hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease, 42 Pharmacology of Eicosanoids .........................................740 and Heart Failure ............................................................437 David M. Dudzinski and Charles N. Serhan Ehrin J. Armstrong, April W. Armstrong, 43 Histamine Pharmacology ................................................765 and Thomas P. Rocco Cindy Chambers, Joseph C. Kvedar, and April W. Armstrong Section IV Principles of Endocrine Pharmacology 464 44 Pharmacology of Hematopoiesis and Immunomodulation .................................................776 26 Pharmacology of the Hypothalamus Andrew J. Wagner, Ramy A. Arnaout, and Pituitary Gland .........................................................465 and George D. Demetri Anand Vaidya and Ursula B. Kaiser 45 Pharmacology of Immunosuppression ............................790 27 Pharmacology of the Thyroid Gland ................................480 April W. Armstrong, Ehrin J. Armstrong, and Lloyd B. Klickstein Ehrin J. Armstrong, Armen H. Tashjian, Jr., 46 Integrative Infl ammation Pharmacology: and William W. Chin Peptic Ulcer Disease ..........................................................807 28 Pharmacology of the Adrenal Cortex ...............................489 Dalia S. Nagel and Helen M. Shields Rajesh Garg and Gail K. Adler 47 Integrative Infl ammation Pharmacology: Asthma ............820 29 Pharmacology of Reproduction .......................................505 Joshua M. Galanter and Stephen Lazarus Ehrin J. Armstrong and Robert L. Barbieri 48 Integrative Infl ammation Pharmacology: Gout .................837 30 Pharmacology of the Endocrine Pancreas and Ehrin J. Armstrong and Lloyd B. Klickstein Glucose Homeostasis .....................................................524 Aimee D. Shu and Steven E. Shoelson Section VII 31 Pharmacology of Bone Mineral Homeostasis ..................541 Fundamentals of Drug Development and Regulation 846 Robert M. Neer, Ehrin J. Armstrong, 49 Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development ..................847 and Armen H. Tashjian, Jr. John L. Vahle, David L. Hutto, Daniel M. Scott, Section V and Armen H. Tashjian, Jr. Principles of Chemotherapy 562 50 Clinical Drug Evaluation and Regulatory Approval ...........860 Mark A. Goldberg, Alexander E. Kuta, and John L. Vahle 32 Principles of Antimicrobial and Antineoplastic 51 Systematic Detection of Adverse Drug Events .................872 Pharmacology ................................................................563 Jerry Avorn Quentin J. Baca, Donald M. Coen, and David E. Golan 33 Pharmacology of Bacterial Infections: DNA Replication, Section VIII Transcription, and Translation .........................................581 Environmental Toxicology 880 Marvin Ryou and Donald M. Coen 52 Environmental Toxicology ...............................................881 34 Pharmacology of Bacterial and Mycobacterial Laura C. Green, Sarah R. Armstrong, Joshua M. Galanter, Infections: Cell Wall Synthesis ........................................599 and Armen H. Tashjian, Jr. Tania Lupoli, David C. Hooper, Ramy A. Arnaout, Daniel Kahne, and Suzanne Walker Section IX 35 Pharmacology of Fungal Infections .................................618 Frontiers in Pharmacology 894 Ali Alikhan, Charles R. Taylor, and April W. Armstrong 36 Pharmacology of Parasitic Infections ..............................629 53 Protein Therapeutics ......................................................895 Louise C. Ivers and Edward T. Ryan Quentin J. Baca, Benjamin Leader, and David E. Golan 37 Pharmacology of Viral Infections .....................................649 54 Drug Delivery Modalities ................................................917 Robert W. Yeh and Donald M. Coen Joshua D. Moss and Robert S. Langer 38 Pharmacology of Cancer: Genome Synthesis, Credit List ...............................................................................924 Stability, and Maintenance .............................................674 Index ......................................................................................928 David A. Barbie and David A. Frank
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