Principles of Mobile Computing and Communications

282 Pages·2007·2.756 MB·English

by  Othman, Mazliza

Principles of
Mobile Computing
and Communications
AU6158.indb 1 10/23/07 4:56:11 PM
AU6158.indb 2 10/23/07 4:56:11 PM
Principles of
Mobile Computing
and Communications
Mazliza Othman
Boca Raton New York
Auerbach Publications is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
AU6158.indb 3 10/23/07 4:56:11 PM
3GPP™ TSs and 3GPP™ TRs are the property of ARIB, ATIS, ETSI, CCSA, TTA and TTC who jointly own
the copyright in them. They are subject to further modifications and are therefore provided to you “as is” for
information purposes only. Further use is strictly prohibited.
ZigBee is a registered trademark of the ZigBee Alliance.
Bluetooth is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20140114
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-6159-8 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,
a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface ...........................................................................................................ix
About the Author ........................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction ...........................................................................1
1.1 Mobile Computing Applications .........................................................2
1.2 Evolution of Wireless Networks and Services......................................6
1.3 Summary ...........................................................................................9
Chapter 2 Cellular Network Architecture .............................................11
2.1 UMTS Architecture .........................................................................13
2.2 Public Land Mobile Network Interfaces ...........................................20
2.3 User Authentication .........................................................................22
2.4 Frequency Reuse ..............................................................................23
2.5 Channel Assignment ........................................................................23
2.6 Location Registration and Update ....................................................24
2.7 Handover Procedures .......................................................................25
2.8 CDMA ............................................................................................37
2.9 The Move toward 3G Networks .......................................................38
Chapter 3 Wireless Local Area Networks ..............................................41
3.1 IEEE 802.11 Standard .....................................................................41
3.2 IEEE 802.11b Standard (Wi-Fi).......................................................45
3.3 IEEE 802.11a Standard ....................................................................46
3.4 IEEE 802.11g Standard ...................................................................47
3.5 HIPERLAN/2 ..................................................................................47
3.6 IEEE 802.1x Standard......................................................................52
3.7 IEEE 802.11i Standard ....................................................................52
3.8 IEEE 802.11e Standard ....................................................................53
3.9 Security Issues ..................................................................................55
3.10 IP over 802.11 WLAN .....................................................................58
3.11 Integrating 802.11 WLAN and UMTS ............................................59
v
AU6158.indb 5 10/23/07 4:56:12 PM
vi Contents
3.12 Summary .........................................................................................63
Chapter 4 Wireless Personal Area Networks .........................................65
4.1 HomeRF ..........................................................................................65
4.2 Bluetooth Technology ......................................................................67
4.3 IEEE 802.15.3 Standard ..................................................................77
4.4 Home Area Networks .......................................................................78
4.5 Summary .........................................................................................81
Chapter 5 Wireless Sensor Networks ....................................................83
5.1 Applications of WSNs ......................................................................84
5.2 Requirements for WSNs ..................................................................85
5.3 WSN Architecture ...........................................................................85
5.4 The 802.15.4 Standard .....................................................................86
5.5 The ZigBee Protocol .........................................................................92
5.6 Power Conservation Techniques .......................................................95
5.7 Network and Communications ........................................................98
5.8 Configuration of Sensor Networks ...................................................99
5.9 WSN and Emergency Response Applications .................................103
5.10 Summary .......................................................................................106
Chapter 6 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ...................................................109
6.1 AODV ...........................................................................................109
6.2 DSR ...............................................................................................116
6.3 OLSR ............................................................................................119
6.4 TBRPF ..........................................................................................125
6.5 Summary .......................................................................................131
Chapter 7 Mobile IP ...........................................................................133
7.1 An Overview ..................................................................................133
7.2 Agent Advertisement Message ........................................................134
7.3 Home Network Configurations ......................................................135
7.4 Registration Messages .....................................................................136
7.5 Routing and Tunneling ..................................................................140
7.6 Security Issues in Mobile IP ...........................................................145
7.7 Mobile IP and Ad Hoc Networks ...................................................149
7.8 Summary .......................................................................................150
Chapter 8 Issues in Mobile Computing ..............................................153
8.1 Bandwidth .....................................................................................154
8.2 Adaptive Behavior ..........................................................................154
8.3 Power Management ........................................................................160
8.4 Interface Design .............................................................................166
8.5 Heterogeneity of Devices and Environments ..................................173
AU6158.indb 6 10/23/07 4:56:12 PM
Contents vii
8.6 Seamless Mobility over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks .............175
8.7 Other Issues in Mobile Application Design ....................................177
8.8 Summary .......................................................................................187
Chapter 9 Location-Sensing and Location Systems ............................191
9.1 Location-Sensing Techniques .........................................................191
9.2 A Taxonomy of Location Systems ...................................................195
9.3 GPS: An Example of a Positioning System .....................................199
9.4 Active Badge: An Example of a Tracking System.............................200
9.5 Modeling Location-Tracking Application .......................................202
9.6 Location-Aware Application for Medical Workers ..........................205
9.7 Summary .......................................................................................207
Chapter 10 Wireless Network Security ................................................211
Co-authored by Mazliza othMan and Fazidah othMan
10.1 Overview of Wireless Security Issues ..............................................211
10.2 Security of Data Transmission ........................................................214
10.3 Next-Generation Hackers...............................................................216
10.4 Summary .......................................................................................218
Acronyms....................................................................................................221
Index ..........................................................................................................231
AU6158.indb 7 10/23/07 4:56:12 PM
AU6158.indb 8 10/23/07 4:56:12 PM
Preface
This book is written to address a number of issues that currently are not addressed
by other books on the topics of mobile computing and communications. I have
taught a mobile computing course for a few years and have come across a number
of books that discuss wireless network technologies and infrastructures, and books
that focus on tools and software to develop mobile applications. What I find missing
in these books is a discussion on how developing mobile computing applications are
different from developing conventional applications, the issues and constraints that
need to be addressed, and why mobile applications are different from conventional
applications. This book is my attempt at addressing those shortcomings.
Another difficulty that I encountered when teaching this subject is that most
books on wireless networks are written for engineering students. Adopting the
material for computer science students is quite a task. That is another reason for
this book—it is written specifically for computer science students and people from
a computer or information technology background.
Overview of the Book
This book can be used as a textbook for a mobile computing course (introductory
or intermediate). It is targeted at second- or third-year undergraduate computer sci-
ence students, but can also be used as a reference book for a postgraduate course. It
assumes that readers have a basic knowledge of computer communication networks.
If enough time and motivation exist, the reader is advised to go through the entire
book cover to cover. Otherwise, the reader may choose topics of interest. The book is
written so that the chapters are independent of each other. It is organized as follows.
Chapter 1 gives an overview of what mobile computing has to offer and how
mobile applications will eventually change the way we work and live. It describes
Mark Weiser’s vision of a ubiquitous computing environment and proceeds to give
examples of mobile applications in different fields followed by a section that gives an
overview of the evolution of wireless networks and services.
ix
AU6158.indb 9 10/23/07 4:56:12 PM