Principles of Human Anatomy

1054 Pages·2010·129.71 MB·English

by  Gerard J. Tortora

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Principles of
HUMAN
ANATOMY
12 Edition
th
Gerard J. Tortora
Bergen Community College
Mark T. Nielsen
University of Utah
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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VP & Publisher Kaye Pace
Executive Editor Bonnie Roesch
Executive Marketing Manager Clay Stone
Developmental Editor Karen Trost
Senior Media Editor Linda Muriello
Project Editor Lorraina Raccuia
Contributing Editor Joan Kalkut
Program Assistant Lauren Morris
Production Manager Dorothy Sinclair
Production Editor Sandra Dumas
Senior Illustration Editors Anna Melhorn/Claudia Volano
Senior Designer Madelyn Lesure
Text Designer Brian Salisbury
Photo Department Manager Hilary Newman
Production Management Services Ingrao Associates
Cover Photo Mark Nielsen
Page layout was completed by Laura Ierardi, LCI Design.
This book was typeset in 10/12 Janson at Aptara®, Inc.and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson
City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City).
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Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2005. © Gerard J. Tortora, Mark T. Nielsen and Biological Sciences Textbooks, Inc. © John Wiley and
Sons, Inc.
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ISBN 13 978-0470-56705-0
ISBN 13 978-0470-91746-6
Printed in the United States of America.
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HELPING TEACHERS
Principles of Human Anatomy, twelfth edition, is designed
AND STUDENTS
for introductory courses in human anatomy. The highly success-
SUCCEED TOGETHER
ful approach of previous editions—to provide students with an
accurate, clearly written, and expertly illustrated presentation of
the structure of the human body, to offer insights into the connections between structure and func-
tion, and to explore the practical and relevant applications of anatomical knowledge to everyday life
and career development—has been enhanced in this edition by innovations designed to increase stu-
dent motivation and success.
An anatomy course can be the gateway to a satisfying career in a host of health-related professions.
It can also be incredibly challenging. We have designed the organization and flow of content within
these pages based on our deep experience teaching anatomy and interacting with students over
many years. We also understand the evolving dynamics of teaching and learning in today’s world.
That is why we are so pleased to partner with Wiley to create new and innovative ways to approach
the content digitally, using a research-proven design that promotes greater engagement, which leads
to improved learning outcomes.
Principles of Human Anatomy 12e, integrated with WileyPLUS, builds students’ confidence
because it takes the guesswork out of studying by providing students with a clear roadmap (what to
do, how to do it, if they did it right). Students will take more initiative so that instructors can have
greater impact.
On the following pages students will discover the tips and tools needed to make the most of their
time studying using text and media. An overview of the changes to this edition and insights into the
resources and support available to create dynamic classroom experiences as well as build meaningful
assessment opportunities are highlighted for instructors. Both students and instructors alike will be
interested in the additional resources available—Real Anatomy and a new Photographic Atlas of
Human Anatomy—both sure to enhance your insights into anatomy.
Years of experience, and listening to teachers and students like you, have helped us to create
solutions that work. We have worked hard to integrate the teaching process with the learning
environment—helping students and teachers succeed together.
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N O T E S T O S T U D E N T S
The challenges of learning anatomy can be complex
Anatomy Is a Visual Science
and time consuming. This textbook and WileyPLUS for
Anatomy have been carefully designed to maximize
Studying the figures in this book is as important as read-
your time studying by simplifying the choices you
ing the narrative. The tools described here will help you
make in deciding what to study, how to study it, and
understand the concepts being presented in any figure
in assessing your understanding of the content.
and assure you get the most out of the visuals.
(cid:2)
LEGENDRead this first. It explains what the figure is about.
(cid:3)
KEY CONCEPT STATEMENTIndicated by a “key” icon, this reveals a basic idea portrayed in the figure.
(cid:4)
ORIENTATION DIAGRAMAdded to many figures, this small diagram helps you understand the perspective from which you are view-
ing a particular piece of anatomical art.
(cid:3) (cid:5)
(cid:2) FIGURE QUESTIONSFound at the bottom
of each figure and accompanied by a “ques-
tion mark” icon, these serve as a self-check to
help you understand the material as you go
along.
(cid:6)
FUNCTIONS BOXESIncluded with selected
figures, these provide brief summaries of the
functions of the anatomical structure or system
depicted.
(cid:6)
(cid:7)
(cid:4)
(cid:5)
(cid:7)
MP3 DOWNLOADSIn each chapter you
will find that several illustrations are marked
with an icon that looks like an iPod. This
indicates that an audio file which narrates
and discusses the important elements of that
particular illustration is available. You can
access the downloads on the student com-
panion website or within WileyPLUS.
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N O T E S T O S T U D E N T S
There are many visual resources within WileyPLUS, in addition to the art from your text. These
can help you master the topic
you are studying. Examples
closely integrated with the reading material
include animations, cadaver video clips, and
Real Anatomy Views. Anatomy Drill and
Practice lets you test your knowledge of
structures with simple-to-use drag and drop
labeling exercises, or fill-in-the-blank label-
ing. You can drill and practice on these
activities using illustrations from the text,
cadaver photographs, histology micro-
graphs, or lab models.
Clinical Connections
In some cases it is easier to understand the relevance of anatomical structures and the functions they support
by considering what happens when they don’t work the way they should. The Clinical Connections, which
appear throughout the text, pres-
ent a variety of clinical perspectives
related to the text discussion.
WileyPLUS offers you
opportunities for even
further Clinical Connections with ani-
mated and interactive case studies that relate specifically to one body system or another. Look for these
under additional chapter resources as an interesting and engaging break from traditional study routines.
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N O T E S T O S T U D E N T S
Exhibits Organize
Complex Anatomy into
Manageable Modules
Many topics in this text have been organized to
bring together all the anatomical information into
(cid:2)
a simple-to-navigate content module. You will find Objective to focus your study
(cid:3)
Exhibits for bones, joints, skeletal muscles, nerves, Overview narrative of structure(s)
blood vessels, and surface anatomy. (cid:4)
Table summarizing key features of structure(s)
(cid:5)
Illustrations and photographs
(cid:6)
Checkpoint question assesses your understanding
(cid:7)
Clinical Connection provides relevance for learning
the details
(cid:2) (cid:3) (cid:6) (cid:7) (cid:4)
(cid:5)
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N O T E S T O S T U D E N T S
Chapter Resources Help You Focus and Review
Your book has a variety of special features Mnemonics are a memory aid that can be particularly
that will make your time studying anatomy helpful when learning specific anatomical features.
a more rewarding experience. These Mnemonics are included throughout the text, some dis-
have been developed based on feedback from students— played in figures, tables, or Exhibits and some included
like you—who have used previous editions of the text. within the text discussion. We encourage you not only to
Their effectiveness is even further enhanced within use the mnemonics provided, but also to create your own
WileyPLUS. to help you learn the multitude of terms involved in your
study of human anatomy.
Chapter Introductions set the stage for the content to
come and are followed by an interesting question that Key Medical Terms at the end of chapters include
always begins with “Did you ever wonder…?” These selected terms dealing with both normal and pathological
questions will capture your interest and encourage you to conditions.
find the answer in the chapter material to come.
Chapter Review and Resource Summary is a helpful
Objectives at the start of each section help you focus on table at the end of chapters that offers you a concise
what is important as you read. All of the content within summary of the important concepts from the chapter and
WileyPLUS is tagged to these specific learning objectives links each section to the media resources available in
so that you can organize your study or review what is still WileyPLUS for Anatomy.
not clear in simple, more meaningful ways.
Self-Quiz Questions give you an opportunity to evalu-
Checkpoint questions at the end of each section help ate your understanding of the chapter as a whole. Within
you assess if you have absorbed what you have read. WileyPLUS, use Progress Check to quiz yourself on indi-
Take time to review these, or answer them within the vidual or multiple chapters in preparation for exams or
Practice section of each WileyPLUS concept module, quizzes.
where they will automatically be graded to let you know
Critical Thinking Questions are word problems that
where you stand.
allow you to apply the concepts you have studied in the
chapter to specific situations.
Mastering the Language of Anatomy
Throughout the text we have included Pronunciations can be clicked on and heard pronounced
and, sometimes, Word Roots for many terms that may as you read. In addition, you can use the
be new to you. These appear in parentheses immediately helpful Mastering Vocabulary program
following the new words, and the pronunciations are which creates electronic flash cards for
repeated in the glossary at the back of the book. Look at you of the key terms within each chapter for practice,
the words carefully and say them out loud several times. as well as the ability to take a self-quiz specifically on
Learning to pronounce a new word will help you remem- the terms introduced in each chapter.
ber it and make it a useful part of your medical vocabu-
To provide more assistance in learning the language of
lary. Take a few minutes to read the pronunciation key,
anatomy, a full Glossary of terms with phonetic pronun-
found at the beginning of the Glossary at the end of this
ciations appears at the end of the book. The basic build-
text (page G-1), so it will be familiar as you encounter
ing blocks of medical terminology—Combining Forms,
new words.
Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes—are listed inside
WileyPLUS houses help for you in building your new lan- the back cover, as is a listing of Eponyms, traditional
guage skills as well. The Audio Glossary which is always terms that include reference to a person’s name, along
available to you lets you hear all these new, unfamiliar with the current terminology.
terms pronounced. Throughout the e-text, these terms
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N O T E S T O I N S T R U C T O R S
Collaborating on this revision has been a rewarding experience for us. We wanted to focus on the elements of the
text that we believed would benefit you and your students the most. We are gratified that many reviewer com-
ments that helped us shape the changes we made matched so well with our intentions. Globally, we focused on
several key areas—the all-important visuals, both drawings and photographs; helping students relate what they
are learning to their desired career goals and the world around them by increasing the focus on Clinical
Connections; revising tables to increase their effectiveness in organizing detailed content; and making narrative
and organizational changes aimed at increasing student engagement with
the material.
For a detailed list of revisions for each chapter please visit our website at
www.wiley.com/college/sc/tortora and click on the text cover.
The Art of Anatomy
Illustrations throughout the text have
been refined. The color palette for the
skulls in Chapter 7, and for the brain and
spinal cord throughout the text, has been
adjusted for greater impact. Increased
clarity has been achieved in revised draw-
ings of joints, muscles, blood vessels,
and regional lymph nodes. In addi-
tion, new origin–insertions figures
have been added to Chapter 11.
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