Principles of Addiction. Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders, Volume 1

901 Pages·2013·14.68 MB·English

by  Peter M. Miller (Eds.)

PRINCIPLES OF
ADDICTION
Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders
Volume 1
Editor-in-Chief
P M. M
ETER ILLER
PsychiatryandBehavioralSciences,
MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,
Charleston,SC,USA
AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON
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Chapter2TheTerminologyofAddictiveBehavior
Chapter57EpidemiologyofAdolescentandYoungAdultAlcohol,Tobacco,andDrugUseandMisuseintheUnitedStates
Chapter62CostsandConsequences(MorbidityandMortality)AssociatedwithAdolescentandCollegeDrinkingandRelated
Problems
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Preface
PrinciplesofAddictionisoneofthreevolumesencom- range of topics including, but not limited to, the nature
passing the2500 page series. of addiction, cravings, comorbidities, types of addic-
Comprehensiveaddictivebehaviorsanddisorders:In tions, behavioral biology, neuroscience, neuroimaging,
both print and online formats, this series provides the genetics, neuropharmacology, psychosocial treatments,
most comprehensive compilation of currentknowledge addiction medications, application of addiction science
on addictive behaviors and disorders to date. In short, to practice, public policy, and prevention. With the
it isthe definitivereference work on addictions. growing emphasis on translational research, the goal
Thesignificanceofthisseriesstemsfromthefactthat hasbeentointegratediversefindingsintoameaningful
addictive behaviors and disorders represent major conceptualization ofall aspects of use andabuse.
personal,social,andpublichealthproblemsthroughout Theaudiencefortheseriesincludesadvancedunder-
the world. While research on addictions has grown graduates,graduatesandpostdoctoralstudents,profes-
exponentiallyoverthepast20years,theprimarylitera- sors, researchers, clinicians and policy makers. The
tureinthisfieldiswidelydispersed.Forresearchersand series can also serve as a valuable aid to instructors
clinicians, staying abreast of this vast and expanding and students in thehundreds of university-leveladdic-
knowledge is a challenging, if not impossible, task. tiondegreeprogramsthroughouttheworld.Asanency-
Researchers specializing in one addiction subspecialty clopedic series, the mass media as well as the general
(e.g. clinical research, neuroscience, health services, publicwillfindthisworktobeacomprehensivesource
public policy, treatment, pharmacology, genetics) are of evidence-based, scientific information on addictions.
unable to keep apprised of the big picture. In addition, This is especially important since the field of addiction
research findings on one type of addiction (e.g. alcohol is continually plagued by anecdotal and misleading
dependence, excessive gambling, methamphetamine information found both inprintand online.
dependence) may have relevance to other types (e.g.
cocaine or opiate dependence) but such findings are
SCOPE AND FORMAT
not readily available to all addiction scientists since
they are dispersed among so many specialty journals,
books and web sites. Until now, there has been no all- Thedevelopmentandcompilationofthisserieshave
encompassing resource that could serve as the “go-to” been a truly collaborative effort. Nine internationally
compendiumforinformationonanyandalladdictions. recognized addiction experts have served on the edito-
Comprehensiveaddictivebehaviorsanddisordersfillsthis rial board for this project. The board is composed of
void by providing a unique and valuable storehouse of PeterMiller,PhD,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina;
interdisciplinary scientific information for researchers, Mary Larimer, PhD, University of Washington; Kyle
clinicians, and policy makers that comprehensively Kampman, MD, University of Pennsylvania School of
summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge. The terms Medicine; David Kavanagh, PhD, Queensland Univer-
“behavior” as well as “disorder” are used purposefully sity of Technology; Samuel Ball, PhD, Yale University
in the title since the work includes both excessive use School of Medicine; Phillipe DeWitte, MD, Universite´
(what is often called “at risk” or “harmful” use) as Catholique de Louvain (Belgium); Marsha Bates, PhD,
wellastruephysiologicaldependence.Inaddition,there Rutgers University; Nancy Petry, PhD, University of
islackofevidenceandsomecontroversyovertheissue Connecticut Health Center; and Arthur Blume, PhD,
ofwhetherornotsomebehavioralexcesses(e.g.texting Washington State University. The board members were
or video gaming) can be classified as true addictions. chosen to provide a wide range of interdisciplinary
Finally a number of the more basic, translational chap- expertise.
terscoveraddictivebrainorbehavioralprocessesrather The board members were responsible for selecting
than focusingon “disorders” per se. andinvitingauthorsforchaptersintheirspecialtyareas
Conceptually, the three volumes that make up this and to provide editorial guidance. Chapters are auth-
series,PrinciplesofAddiction,BiologicalResearchonAddic- ored by reputable, well-recognized authorities in the
tion, and Interventions for Addictions, cover an extensive addictions field. Authors were selected for their
vii
viii
PREFACE
expertise and experience, with particular emphasis “mature out” of these behaviors and others become
placed on selectinganinternational groupwith diverse entrapped in severeaddiction.
philosophiesandresearch backgrounds. To demonstrate the all-inclusive nature of this
Eachchapterisapproximately6500wordsinlength. volume, there are chapters on 27 different addictions,
Chapters consist of approximately 10 printed pages both substance-focused and behavioral. Topics of
each, ranging from 5 to 15 pages depending on the substance-focused use and abuse include alcohol,
topic. Many chapters include tables and figures to heroin, cocaine marijuana, hallucinogens, ecstasy/
betterillustratedata.Authorswereaskedtosummarize MDMA, inhalants, ketamine, anabolic-androgenic
current knowledge in their areas without providing steroids,prescriptionandover-the-countermedications,
references within the text. Thus, the work reads like tobacco, caffeine and energy drinks, food, areca nut,
an encyclopedia, providing the reader with an over- khat, and water pipe smoking. Behavioral excesses
view of the state-of-the-art rather than an in-depth include gambling, shopping, exercise, work, and sex as
research report. A further reading and web site list well as behaviors that have become potential problems
are provided at the end of each chapter for those who in contemporary society such as cybersex, virtual
requireresearchreferencesandmoredetailedinforma- worlds on the internet, video games, cell phone use
tion.Inaddition, anoutline, glossary,listofkeywords, and texting, and social networking. For both
and list of cross-references are provided for each substance-related and behavioral excesses authors
chapter. wereaskedtoaddresstheissueofwhetherornotthere
The hope is that this compendium will provide is enough scientific evidence to classify each as a true
auniversalplatformforamorescience-basedapproach “addiction.” For example, there is controversy over
to the study, prevention and treatment of addictions. whether or not excessive sexual activity and food
The ultimate goal is to improve the lives of addicted consumption constitute true addictions from a diag-
individuals and their families throughout the world nostic sense. Unfortunately, scientific study of many of
through a more comprehensive and detailed under- thebehavioraladdictionsissorecent(withtheexception
standing of theaddictive process. ofgambling)thatlittleisknownaboutthesesyndromes.
Afewsubstancesaresonewthatlittleisknownabout
them. They were not included in this volume since no
VOLUME 1: PRINCIPLES OF ADDICTION
majorhuman studies have yet been conducted on their
use, mechanisms of action, abuse potential, or health
This first volume, Principles of Addiction, provides effects. For example, the National Institute on Drug
scientific information in two broad categories: the Abuse (NIDA) describes three such emerging drugs:
nature of addiction and types of addiction. The “spice,” an herbal mixture with effects similar to mari-
volume sets off the series by giving an overview of juana; salvia, an herb that causes hallucinations and
what is known about the addictive process as well psychotic-like symptoms; and “bath salts,” a synthetic
as a depiction of each of the known addictive behav- compound with amphetamine-like effects that result in
iors and disorders. increased blood pressure and heart rate. In time, more
Chapters related to the nature of addiction are scientific knowledge will be accumulated on these
designedtoprovidebasicdescriptionsofcurrentknowl- substances but, at this stage, it is apparent that the
edgeoftheaddictiveprocessintermsofitsinitialdevel- drugcultureisabletostayonestepaheadoftheaddic-
opment,mechanismsofaction,andbasiccharacteristics. tion specialists in developing new compounds to use
Chapterscoverthehistoryofthestudyandtreatmentof and abuse.
addiction, its epidemiology as well as its basic defini- In summary, this volume provides a basic under-
tions,diagnosticcriteria,andtheoreticalmodels.Essen- standing of the definitional and diagnostic differences
tial characteristics of dependence, including loss of between use, abuse, and disorder. It describes in great
control, tolerance, craving, withdrawal, denial, and detailthecharacteristicsofthesesyndromesandvarious
relapse, are explained and discussed. Chapters cover etiological models.Finally, it providesdetailed descrip-
a wide range of information regarding etiology and tions of a variety of addictive behaviors and disorders
developmental course. The influence of gender, stress, and their similarities and differences. This volume is
family, and peer influence is explained. Associated especially important in providing a basic introduction
features such as stress and psychiatric comorbidities tothefieldaswellasanin-depthreviewofourcurrent
(e.g. depression) are included. Coverage of many of understanding of the nature and process of addictive
these issues includes both excessive use of substances behaviors.
as well as true dependence and why some people Peter M. Miller
Editors: Biographies
Peter Miller publicationsreflecthiskeeninterestsinethnicminority
PeterM.Miller,PhD,isaprofessorofpsychiatryand health andwell-being.
behavioral sciences in the Center for Drug and Alcohol DavidKavanagh
Programs at the Medical University of South Carolina. David Kavanagh, PhD, is a research capacity-
He also holds a faculty appointment in the College of buildingprofessorintheInstituteandHealth&Biomed-
Dental Medicine. He is a clinical psychologist and is icalInnovationandSchoolofPsychology&Counselling
board certified by the American Board of Professional at Queensland University of Technology, and has
Psychology. He specializes in research on alcohol and adjunctpostsattheUniversityofQueenslandandGrif-
substance abuse screening and intervention in medical fithUniversity.HewaseducatedatSydneyandStanford
and dental settings, with particular reference to Universitiesandledacommunitymentalhealthservice
alcohol-sensitive diseases such as hypertension and before becoming an academic. He has researched and
oralcancer.Hehaspublishedover100scientificarticles, written widely on addiction, comorbidity and dissemi-
hasauthored11booksandhasservedaseditoronmajor nation of evidence-based treatments and is currently
addictions textbooks and reference works. He is editor researching the elicitation and maintenance of func-
inchief oftwointernationalresearchjournals,Addictive tional motivation. He has been on the editorial boards
Behaviors and Eating Behaviors, and serves on several of several journals, including Addiction and Addictive
editorialboards.HeispastpresidentoftheInternational Behaviors, and has served on several state and national
Society of AddictionJournal Editors(ISAJE). expert committees on comorbidity andaddiction.
Samuel Ball Kyle Kampman
SamuelA.Ball,PhD,isaprofessorandassistantchair A board-certified psychiatrist specializing in addic-
for education and career development in the Depart- tion psychiatry, Dr Kyle M. Kampman, MD, received
ment of Psychiatry at Yale University School of Medi- his medical degree from Tulane University School of
cine. He also serves as research director for the Medicine. He completed his residency in psychiatry
NIDA-funded Psychotherapy Development Research andfellowshipinaddictionpsychiatryattheUniversity
Center, NIH-funded BIRCWH Women’s Health and of Pennsylvania. Currently, he is a medical director of
AddictiveBehaviorsprogram,andTheAPTFoundation the Charles O’Brien Center for the Treatment of Addic-
in New Haven, CT. His research focuses on the assess- tions, professor of psychiatry, and medical director of
ment and treatment implications of personality dimen- the Treatment Research Center at the University of
sions, personality disorders, and multidimensional Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. His research interests
subtypes in substance abuse. include pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence and
Arthur Blume the cocaine withdrawal syndrome. He is an associate
Arthur W. Blume is a professor of psychology at editor of Drug and Alcohol Dependence. He serves on
Washington State University. Before joining the faculty the editorial board of the Journal of Addiction Medicine
at Washington State University, Dr Blume was on the and is an active member of the American Society of
faculty at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte Addiction Medicine, College on Problems of Drug
and before that at the University of Texas at El Paso. Dependence,andthePennsylvaniaSocietyofAddiction
He currently serves as a section editor for this volume, Medicine. His contributions to the field have been
andasanassociateeditorofthejournalsAddictiveBehav- acknowledged by the Scott Mackler Award for Excel-
iorsandCulturalDiversityandEthnicMinorityPsychology. lence in Substance Abuse Teaching presented by the
From2007to2009,hewasanAmericanIndianrepresen- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the
tative on the National Committee on Ethnic Minority Caron Foundation’s Medical Professional-Physician
Affairs of the American Psychological Association in Award.
the United States. His program of research has focused Marsha E. Bates
on addictive behaviors among high-risk populations, MarshaE.Bates,PhD(Rutgers–theStateUniversity
especially those from ethnic minority groups in the ofNew Jersey), isaresearchprofessorofpsychology at
United States. His extramurally funded research and the Center of Alcohol Studies (CAS) at Rutgers
ix
x
EDITORS:BIOGRAPHIES
University and an associate professor of psychiatry at suicide,trauma,PTSD,disorderedeating,andgambling
UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. She problems, (4) evaluation of housing and treatment
directs the Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory that programs for chronically homeless and incarcerated
promotes translation between basic human experi- individuals, and (5) dissemination of evidence-based
mentalandclinicalscience.Hercurrentmultiinstitution prevention and treatment approaches into clinical-,
research project is a component of the NIAAA Mecha- school-, and work-site settings. She has published
nism of Behavior Change Interdisciplinary Research morethan100articlesandbookchaptersonthesetopics.
Consortium (MIRC) which seeks to build novel Nancy M. Petry
approaches to alcohol-related problems via mecha- NancyPetryisaprofessorofmedicineattheUniver-
nism-based strategies. Dr Bates is vice-chair of the sity of Connecticut Health Center, and she earned her
Rutgers Institutional Review Board for the Protection PhDinpsychologyfromHarvardUniversity.Shedevel-
ofHumanSubjectsinvolvedinresearch.Sheisamember oped the prize reinforcement system that has been
of the Behavioral and Social Advisory Council of widelydisseminatedinthecontextoftreatingsubstance
ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research and usedisordersandisnowbeingappliedtoaddressother
vice-chair of the Board of Trustees of Alcohol Research conditions including overweight/obesity, exercise,
Documentation, Inc. She is an editorial board member medication adherence, and diabetes. She also conducts
of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs and a past research related to pathological gambling and its
associate editor of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors treatment.
and Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. Philippe DeWitte
She is a fellow of the American Psychological Associa- ProfessorDeWitteheadstheLaboratoryofBehaviou-
tion (APA), previously served as president of APA ral Biology at the Universite´ Catholique de Louvain. In
Division 50 (Society of Addiction Psychologists), 1987,hereceivedaFulbrightgranttocompleteaspecial-
and received their 2011 Distinguished Scientific Contri- izationinbrainresearchattheNIH.Hehasalsoworked
bution Award. Address: Center of Alcohol Studies, asinvitedprofessorinWashingtonStateUniversityand
Rutgers–theStateUniversityofNewJersey,607Allison the University of Colorado.
Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; E-mail: mebates@ HeistheeditorinchiefofAlcoholandAlcoholismand
rutgers.edu. on the editorial advisory board of a number of leading
Mary Larimer journals. He was president of the European Society for
Mary E. Larimer is a professor of psychiatry and Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA) for two
behavioralsciences,anadjunctprofessorofpsychology, terms from 1993 to 2001 and was the president of the
associate director of the Addictive Behaviors Research International Society for Biomedical Research on Alco-
Center,anddirectoroftheCenterfortheStudyofHealth holism (ISBRA, 1998–2002). He joined the ERAB Advi-
andRiskBehaviorsattheUniversityofWashington.She sory Board in 2003 and became chairman on 1 January
received her PhD in clinical psychology from the 2007.
University of Washington and has been a member of His research interests include pharmacology and
thefacultysince1995.DrLarimer’sresearchandclinical neurobiology of addiction including therapeutics and
interestsinclude(1)preventionandtreatmentofalcohol treatments.Heisamemberofanumberofprofessional
and drug problems among adolescents and young bodies including ESBRA, ISBRA, RSA, The Belgian
adults (with a particular focus on college drinking College of Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological
prevention), (2) cross-cultural research regarding Psychiatry (BCNBP) and the Socie´te´ franc¸aise
prediction of initiation of drinking and trajectories of d’Alcoologie (SFA) and has published over 200 articles
alcohol and substance use during emerging adulthood, inscientificjournals,twiceasmanyabstractsandbook
(3) comorbidity of substance use with depression, chapters.
List of Contributors
JeremyAdams EclecticConsultingPty.Ltd.,Altona,VIC, XavierCarbonell FPCEE Blanquerna, Universidad Ramon
Australia Llull,Barcelona,Spain
ChristinaAivadyan NewYorkState PsychiatricInstitute, Fe´lixCarvalho University ofPorto, Porto,Portugal
NYSPI/ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY,USA
GabrieleCaselli Studi Cognitivi, Modena, Italy
JackieAndrade University ofPlymouth,Drake Circus,
Plymouth,UK NatalieCastellanos-Ryan Universite´deMontre´al,Montreal,
QC,Canada
CecilieSchou Andreassen The BergenClinics Foundation,
Norway,Department ofPsychosocial Science, University GraceChan Universityof Connecticut SchoolofMedicine,
ofBergen, Norway Farmington,CT,USA
AngelaAttwood School ofExperimentalPsychology, KarenGrubeChartier UniversityofTexas,Dallas,TX,USA
Universityof Bristol,Bristol, UK
Chuan-YuChen Institute ofPublicHealth,National Yang-
Paul Aveyard Primary CareClinical Sciences, University MingUniversity,Taiwan;Division ofMental Healthand
ofBirmingham, Edgbaston,UK AddictionMedicine Research, NationalHealth Research
Amanda Baker Center forBrain andMental Health Institutes, Taiwan
Research,University ofNewcastle, Callaghan, NSW, WeiJ.Chen Institute ofEpidemiology andPreventive
Australia Medicine, CollegeofPublicHealth, National Taiwan
KimberlyF.Balsam PaloAlto University,PaloAlto, CA, University, Taiwan
USA TammyChung University ofPittsburghMedical Center,
JohnBancroft The KinseyInstitutefor Research inSex, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
GenderandReproduction,Indiana University, KellyJ.Clemens MacquarieUniversity,Sydney,NSW,
Bloomington, IN, USA Australia
KellyS.Barth MedicalUniversity ofSouth Carolina, AnahiCollado-Rodriguez University ofMaryland College
Charleston,SC, USA Park,College Park, MD,USA
Linda Bauld SchoolofManagement, University ofStirling, Megan Conrad University ofIllinois at Chicago,Chicago,
Stirling, UK IL,USA
MartaBeranuy FPCEE Blanquerna, Universidad Ramon Patricia J.Conrod Universite´ de Montre´al, Montreal, QC,
Llull,Barcelona, Spain Canada
ArthurW.Blume Washington State University,Vancouver, Jan Copeland National CannabisPreventionand
WA, USA InformationCentre,University ofNewSouth Wales,
JamesM. Bolton PsycHealthCentre,Winnipeg, MB, Sydney, NSW,Australia
Canada ChristopherJ. Correia Auburn University,Auburn,
MarcelO.Bonn-Miller National Centerfor PTSD and AL,USA
CenterforHealth CareEvaluation, VAPaloAlto Health BaineB. Craft Seattle Pacific University, Seattle,WA, USA
CareSystem,PaloAlto, CA, USA
Ann Crosland Sunderland University, Sunderland,UK
Brian Borsari BrownUniversity, Providence, RI,USA
Teresa Cunha-Oliveira CNC,University ofCoimbra,
KathleenT.Brady MedicalUniversity ofSouth Carolina,
Coimbra, Portugal
Charleston,SC, USA
KellyC.Davis UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA,USA
AshleyR.Braun University ofIllinois at Chicago, Chicago,
IL,USA MarkDeady National DrugandAlcohol ResearchCentre,
JohnBritton Division ofEpidemiologyandPublic Health, University ofNewSouthWales, Sydney,NSW,Australia
Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham CityHospital, LouisaDegenhardt UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney
Nottingham,UK NSW,Australia
Brian P.Brown University ofNorth CarolinaWilmington, Paul H.Delfabbro The University ofAdelaide, Adelaide,
Wilmington, NC,USA SA,Australia
JustineCampbell UniversityofQueensland,St.Lucia,QLD, AshleyA. Dennhardt University ofMemphis, Memphis,
Australia TN,USA
xi
xii
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
PaulDillon NationalCannabisPreventionandInformation Peter Hajek Tobacco Dependence Research Unit,Wolfson
Centre,University ofNewSouthWales, Sydney,NSW, Institute ofPreventive Medicine, BartsandThe London
Australia Schoolof MedicineandDentistry, Whitechapel, London,
DavidJ.Drobes MoffittCancerCenter,UniversityofSouth UK
Florida,Tampa,FL, USA WayneHall TheUniversity ofQueensland, Herston,QLD,
Jessica L.Eaddy Clinical NeuroscienceDivision, Australia,
MedicalUniversity ofSouth Carolina,Charleston, SC, David J.Hanson State University ofNewYork, Potsdam,
USA NY,USA
Enrique Echeburu´a University ofthe Basque Country Paul Harrell Columbia University,NY,USA
UPV/EHU, Avda de Tolosa,70SanSebastia´n, Spain
DeborahHasin Columbia University, CollegeofPhysicians
Vivian B. Faden NationalInstitute on Alcohol Abuseand
andSurgeons,MailmanSchoolofPublicHealth,NewYork
Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD,USA
State Psychiatric Institute, NYSPI/Columbia University,
MiriamC.Fenton Columbia University, MailmanSchool NewYork, NY,USA
ofPublicHealth,NewYorkState Psychiatric Institute,
Penelope AnneHasking Monash University,Clayton,VIC,
NYSPI/Columbia University, NewYork, NY, USA
Australia
Stuart G.Ferguson SchoolofPharmacy,University of
Gerard Hastings Institute for Social Marketing,University
Tasmania,Hobart, TAS, Australia;Menzies Research
ofStirling, Stirling, UK
Institute Tasmania,University ofTasmania,Hobart, TAS,
Jennifer A. Heaton University ofNorth Carolina
Australia
Wilmington, Wilmington, NC,USA
M.J.Fernandez-Serrano Department ofPsychology,
Adrienne J.Heinz University ofIllinois at Chicago,
Universidad deJae´n,Jae´n,Spain
Chicago,IL,USA
MattField Universityof Liverpool,Liverpool, UK
Shai Hendricks Washington State University,Vancouver,
NicoleFossos University ofWashington,Seattle, WA, WA, USA
USA DanielHermens The Brain andMind Research Institute,
Dawn W.Foster University ofHouston, Houston, TX, Camperdown,NSW, Australia
USA Michie N.Hesselbrock University ofConnecticut School
IngmarH.A.Franken Institute ofPsychology,Erasmus ofMedicine, Farmington, CT,USA
University Rotterdam,Rotterdam,TheNetherlands Victor M.Hesselbrock University ofConnecticut School
Irene M.Geisner Centerfor the StudyofHealth and ofMedicine, Farmington, CT,USA
RiskBehaviors,University ofWashington, Seattle,WA, Elizabeth M.Hill University ofDetroit Mercy,Detroit, MI,
USA USA
William H.George University ofWashington, Seattle, RalphW.Hingson NationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseand
WA, USA Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD,USA
LilianA. Ghandour American University ofBeirut,Riad Julianna Hogan The University ofVermont,Burlington,
El-Solh,Beirut, Lebanon VT,USA
Virginia Gil-Rivas University ofNorth Carolina,Charlotte, Keith J.Horvath University ofMinnesota, Minneapolis,
Charlotte, NC,USA MN, USA
Amanda K. Gilmore University ofWashington, Seattle, Sharon HsinHsu Centerfor theStudy ofHealth& Risk
WA, USA Behaviors,University ofWashington, Seattle,WA, USA
MeyerD.Glantz National Institute onDrugAbuse, Xiuqin Huang GeneralHospital ofBeijing Military Region,
Bethesda, MD,USA; NationalInstitutes ofHealth, Beijing,China
Bethesda, MD,USA
Dorian Hunter-Reel University ofWashington, Seattle,
MarkS. Gold CollegeofMedicine, University ofFlorida, WA, USA
Gainesville, FL, USA
QiaoleiJiang TheChinese University ofHong Kong,N.T.,
Vivian M.Gonzalez University ofAlaskaAnchorage, Hong KongSAR,China
Anchorage,AK,USA
QiaoleiJiang NanyangTechnological University,
MarkD.Griffiths Nottingham TrentUniversity, Singapore
Nottingham, UK
Thomas J.Johnson IndianaState University,TerreHaute,
Christian Grov BrooklynCollege ofthe CityUniversity IN, USA
ofNewYork, Brooklyn, NY,USA
Gen Kanayama McLean Hospital, Belmont,MA, USA
KristinW.Grover The University ofVermont, Burlington,
VT,USA Eileen F.S.Kaner NewcastleUniversity,Newcastleupon
Tyne,UK
CatherineA. Haighton Newcastle University,Newcastle
uponTyne, UK JonD.Kassel UniversityofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,IL,
USA
xiii
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
FrancesKay-Lambkin NationalDrugandAlcoholResearch JonMay SchoolofPsychology, Universityof Plymouth,
Center,UniversityofNSW,Sydney,NSW,Australia;Center DrakeCircus, Plymouth, UK
forBrain andMental Health Research, University of WasimMaziak School ofPublicHealth,University of
Newcastle,Callaghan, NSW,Australia Memphis,Memphis,TN, USA;Syrian CenterforTobacco
SharleneS.Kaye Centrefor Research onAgeing, Health Studies,Memphis, TN,USA
andWell-being,The Australian National University, RebeccaMcKetin Centrefor Research on Ageing,Health
Canberra,ACT,Australia andWell-being,The Australian National University,
Debra Kaysen University ofWashington,Seattle, WA,USA Canberra, ACT,Australia
Ann McNeill Division ofEpidemiology andPublicHealth,
EvaKemps FlindersUniversity,Adelaide, SA,Australia
Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital,
Jason R.Kilmer Centerfor theStudy ofHealthand Risk Nottingham,UK
Behaviors,University ofWashington,Seattle, WA, USA
Linda McWhorter University ofNorth Carolina,Charlotte,
DanielL.King The University ofAdelaide, Adelaide, SA, Charlotte,NC,USA
Australia
KatherineL.Mills UniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,
AxelKlein University ofKent, Canterbury,Kent, UK NSW,Australia
JesseKosiba The University ofVermont, Burlington, Manish K.Mishra Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon,
VT,USA NH,USA
JeanL.Kristeller IndianaState University,TerreHaute, YamileMolina FredHutchinson CancerResearchCenter,
IN,USA Seattle,WA, USA
GraceP.Lee Columbia University,NY,USA HamdyFouad Moselhy UAEUniversity,United Arab
Emirates
KerenLehavot VAPugetSoundHealthcareSystem,Seattle,
KimT.Mueser Dartmouth PsychiatricResearchCenter,
WA, USA
Concord,NH, USA
MichelLejoyeux Paris 7University,Paris, France
Marcus Munafo` SchoolofExperimental Psychology,
CarlLejuez University ofMaryland College Park, College University ofBristol,Bristol, UK
Park,MD,USA James G.Murphy University ofMemphis,Memphis,
KennethE. Leonard Research Institute on Addictions, TN,USA
Buffalo, NY,USA RachaelMurray Division ofEpidemiology andPublic
Melissa A. Lewis University ofWashington, Seattle, Health,Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City
WA, USA Hospital, Nottingham,UK
KristenP.Lindgren University ofWashington, Seattle, Clayton Neighbors University ofHouston, Houston,
WA, USA TX,USA
JonathanLing Sunderland University, Sunderland,UK Nora E.Noel University ofNorth CarolinaWilmington,
Wilmington, NC,USA
Dana Litt University ofWashington, Seattle,WA, USA
SusanNolen-Hoeksema Yale University,NewHaven,
AndrewK. Littlefield Psychology Building, Columbia, CT, USA
MO,USA Douglas L.Noordsy Dartmouth MedicalSchool, Lebanon,
M.KathleenB. Lustyk SeattlePacific University,Seattle, NH,USA
WA, USA Timothy J.O’Farrell VABoston HealthcareSystem and
LauraMacPherson University ofMaryland CollegePark, HarvardMedical School, Brockton, MA,USA
CollegePark, MD,USA Ursula Oberst FPCEEBlanquerna, Universidad Ramon
David A.MacQueen MoffittCancer Center, University Llull,Barcelona,Spain
ofSouthFlorida,Tampa,FL, USA MichaelOdenwald University ofKonstanz, Konstanz,
Jennifer L.Maggs The Pennsylvania State University, PA, Germany
USA CatarinaR.Oliveira CNC,UniversityofCoimbra,Coimbra,
RobertMalcolm Medical University ofSouthCarolina, Portugal
Charleston,SC, USA Jason A. Oliver Moffitt CancerCenter,University ofSouth
ChristinaMarel Universityof NewSouthWales, Sydney, Florida,Tampa,FL, USA
NSW,Australia Tian P.S.Oei University ofQueensland,St. Lucia, QLD,
G.AlanMarlatt University ofWashington, Seattle, WA, Australia
USA JeffreyT. Parsons Hunter Collegeofthe CityUniversity
MatthewP.Martens UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO, ofNewYork, NewYork, NY,USA
USA MeganE. Patrick Universityof Michigan, AnnArbor,
SilviaS. Martins Columbia University,NY,USA MI,USA
xiv
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS
Martin P.Paulus University ofCalifornia, San Diego, RichardL. Shriner College ofMedicine, University of
CA, USA Florida,Gainesville, FL, USA
HarrisonG.Pope,Jr. McLeanHospital,Belmont,MA,USA Rajita Sinha YaleUniversity School ofMedicine,
NewHaven,CT,USA
PatriciaA.Powell NationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseand
Monica C.Skewes University ofAlaska Fairbanks,
Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD,USA
Fairbanks, AK,USA
Dawn Proctor Institute ofHealth andBiomedical
Andrew PaulSmith Centrefor Occupational andHealth
Innovation, Queensland University ofTechnology,
Psychology,School ofPsychology,CardiffUniversity,
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Cardiff,UK
BrianM.Quigley ResearchInstituteonAddictions,Buffalo,
Karen E.Smith Sunderland University,Sunderland, UK
NY,USA
DanielleE.Ramo University ofCalifornia, SanFrancisco, Marcantonio Spada London South BankUniversity,
CA, USA London,UK
Ana CristinaRego CNC,Universityof Coimbra, Coimbra, AlanW.Stacy ClaremontGraduateUniversity,Claremont,
Portugal CA, USA
Ju¨rgenRehm Centrefor AddictionandMental Health Gillian Steckler Washington State University, Vancouver,
(CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; UniversityofToronto, WA, USA
ON,Canada; Institut fu¨r Klinische Psychologie und Jennifer L.Stewart University ofCalifornia, SanDiego,
Psychotherapie,TU Dresden,Germany; Dalla LanaSchool CA, USA
ofPublicHealth,Toronto,ON,Canada
CarlaL. Storr University ofMaryland School ofNursing,
Elizabeth K.Reynolds JohnsHopkins SchoolofMedicine, Baltimore,MD,USA
Baltimore,MD,USA;UniversityofMarylandCollegePark,
EsbenStrodl InstituteofHealthandBiomedicalInnovation,
CollegePark, MD,USA
Queensland University ofTechnology,Brisbane, QLD,
Jennifer A. Robinson PsycHealth Centre,Winnipeg, Australia
MB,Canada
Tian PoSumantri Oei The Universityof Queensland,
Lindsey Rodriguez University ofHouston,Houston, StLucia, QLD, Australia
TX, USA
RanTao GeneralHospitalofBeijingMilitaryRegion,Beijing,
JohnM. Roll Washington State University,Spokane, China
WA, USA
MareeTeesson NationalDrugandAlcoholResearchCentre,
Abigail K. Rose University ofLiverpool, Liverpool,UK University ofNewSouthWales, Sydney,NSW,
Australia
HaroldRosenberg BowlingGreenStateUniversity,Bowling
Green,OH, USA JoThakker University ofWaikato, Hamilton,NewZealand
DesireeM. Rudisill Washington State University, Judy Tidwell University ofHouston, Houston,TX, USA
Vancouver, WA,USA
Marika Tiggemann Flinders University, Adelaide, SA,
Andriy V. Samokhvalov Centrefor AddictionandMental
Australia
Health (CAMH),Toronto,ON,Canada; University of
Toronto, Canada; University ofToronto,ON, J.Tirapu-Ustarroz Cl´ınica Ubarmin,Egu¨e´s-Navarra,
Canada Spain
Zila M.Sanchez Universidade Federalde Sa˜oPaulo, Tony Toneatto University ofToronto,Toronto,ON,
CEBRID (Brazilian CenterofInformation ofPsychotropic Canada
Drugs), Sa˜oPaulo, SP,Brazil LynnM. Veatch MedicalUniversity ofSouth Carolina,
Natalia Santoya Washington State University,Vancouver, Charleston,SC, USA
WA, USA Jennifer C.Veilleux Universityof Illinois at Chicago,
RebeccaL. Schacht JohnsHopkins University School Chicago,IL,USA
ofMedicine, Baltimore,MD,USA A. Verdejo-Garcı´a InstituteofNeuroscienceF.Olo´riz,
TrevorJ.Schraufnagel University ofWashington, Seattle, Universidad de Granada,Granada, Spain
WA, USA Nasir Warfa Wolfson InstituteofPreventiveMedicine,
JohnE. Schulenberg The University ofMichigan, MI, USA London,UK
AvivWeinstein HadassahMedicalOrganization,Jerusalem,
Jeremiah A. Schumm Cincinnati VAMedical Center
Israel
andUniversity ofCincinnati, Cincinnati, OH,USA
Robert West Health Behaviour Research Centre,University
LionShahab HealthBehaviourResearchCentre,University
CollegeLondon, London,UK
CollegeLondon, London,UK
JosephWestermeyer UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,
Saul Shiffman University ofPittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,
MN, USA;Minneapolis VAMedical Center, Minneapolis,
USA
MN, USA