Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4187 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen UniversityofDortmund,Germany MadhuSudan MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA MosheY.Vardi RiceUniversity,Houston,TX,USA GerhardWeikum Max-PlanckInstituteofComputerScience,Saarbruecken,Germany José Júlio Alferes James Bailey Wolfgang May Uta Schwertel (Eds.) Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning 4th International Workshop, PPSWR 2006 Budva, Montenegro, June 10-11, 2006 Revised Selected Papers 1 3 VolumeEditors JoséJúlioAlferes UniversidadeNovadeLisboa FaculdadedeCiênciaseTecnologia DepartmentofComputerScience,2829-516Caparica,Portugal E-mail:[email protected] JamesBailey UniversityofMelbourne DepartmentofComputerScienceandSoftwareEngineering Vic.3010,Australia E-mail:[email protected] WolfgangMay UniversitätGöttingen InstitutfürInformatik Lotzestrasse16-18,37083Göttingen,Germany E-mail:[email protected] UtaSchwertel UniversitätMünchen InstitutfürInformatik Oettingenstr.67,80538München,Germany E-mail:uta.schwertel@ifi.lmu.de LibraryofCongressControlNumber:Appliedfor CRSubjectClassification(1998):H.4,H.3,I.2,F.4.1,D.2 LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication,incl.Internet/Web andHCI ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-540-39586-5SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-540-39586-7SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia springer.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2006 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:11853107 06/3142 543210 Preface The papers in this volume represent the technical program of the 4th Work- shop on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning, PPSWR 2006, held on June 10-11, 2006 in Budva, Montenegro, co-located with the 3rd Euro- pean Semantic Web Conference, in the young country of Montenegro after its independence on June 3, 2006. TheSemanticWebisamajorendeavoraimingatenrichingtheexistingWeb withmeta-dataandprocessingmethodssoastoprovideweb-basedsystemswith advanced,so-called“intelligent”,capabilities.Theseadvancedcapabilities,striven forinmostSemanticWebapplicationscenarios,primarilycallforreasoning. Specialized reasoning capabilities are already offered by Semantic Web lan- guagescurrently being developed suchas the OWL family together with Triple, SPARQL,orontology-basedapplication-specificlanguagesandtoolslikeBPEL. Theselanguages,however,aredevelopedmostlyfromfunctionality-centered(e.g. ontologyreasoningoraccessvalidation)orapplication-centered(e.g.Webservice retrievalandcomposition)perspectives.Aperspectivecenteredonthereasoning techniques complementing the above-mentioned activities appears desirable for SemanticWebsystemsandapplications.Moreover,thereisthegeneralreasoning underlying the Semantic Web technologies, such as Description Logics, Hybrid Logics, and others like F-Logic and Logic Programming semantics. Theworkshopserieson“Principles andPracticeofSemanticWebReasoning – PPSWR” beganin 2003(cf. Springer LNCS 3208)in response to the need for a forum for the discussion of emerging work on various forms of reasoning that areorcanbeusedontheSemanticWeb,withastronginterestinrule-basedlan- guagesandmethods.TheworkshopaddressesbothreasoningmethodsfortheSe- manticWeb,andSemanticWebapplicationsrelyinguponvariousformsofreason- ing.Since2003,whentheconferencewasheldinMumbai,India,co-locatedwith ICLP,ASIAN,andFSTTCS,theworkshophasbeenorganizedyearly:thesecond workshop(LNCS3208)tookplacein2004inSt.Malo,France,inconjunctionwith ICLP2004;the thirdworkshoptookplaceintheDagstuhlConferenceCenterin Germany,withinaoneweekDagstuhlSeminar(LNCS3703). The technicalprogramofPPSWR2006comprisedaninvited talk by Harold Boleyon“The RuleMLFamily of WebRuleLanguages”,andthepresentationof 14 refereed technical articles selected by the ProgramCommittee among the 25 submitted.These14articlesdiscussvariousaspectsofreasoningontheSemantic Web ranging from more theoretical work on reasoning methods that can be applied to the Semantic Web, concrete reasoning methods and query languages for the Semantic Web, to practical applications. Besides the presentationof the technical articles, one sessionwas devoted to thepresentationanddemonstrationof6systems,allofthemrelatedtoreasoning IV Preface on the Semantic Web. A description of eachof these systems is also part of this volume. Duringthe workshop,informalon-siteproceedingsweredistributed.Thepa- pers in this volume have been revised by the authors based on the comments fromthe refereeingstageandensuingdiscussionsduringthe workshopandhave been subject to a final acceptance by the ProgramCommittee. The workshophas partly been supported by the 6th FrameworkProgramme (FP6),InformationSocietyTechnologies(IST)projectREWERSE(cf.http:// rewerse.net),projectreferencenumber 506779,funded bythe EuropeanCom- mission and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research. WewouldalsoliketothankthedevelopersoftheEasyChairconferenceman- agement system (http://www.easychair.org/). EasyChair assisted us in the wholeprocessofcollectingandreviewingpapers,ininteractingwithauthorsand ProgramCommittee members, and also in assembling this volume. Last, but not least, we would like to thank the authors of all papers and system descriptions that were submitted to PPSWR 2006, the members of the ProgramCommittee, and the additional experts who helped with the reviewing process,forcontributingandensuringthehighscientificqualityofPPSWR2006. July 2006 Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes James Bailey Wolfgang May Uta Schwertel Organization Workshop Coordination ProgramCommittee Chairs: Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal James Bailey, University of Melbourne, Australia Proceedings Chair: Wolfgang May, Georg-August-Universita¨tGo¨ttingen, Germany Local Organization: Uta Schwertel, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Germany Program Committee Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes Georg Lausen Grigoris Antoniou Francesca Alessandra Lisi Matteo Baldoni Jan Mal(cid:3)uszyn´ski Robert Baumgartner Wolfgang May James Bailey Paula-LaviniaPa˘traˆnjan Sara Comai Michael Schro¨der Wl(cid:3)odek Drabent Uta Schwertel Guido Governatori Dietmar Seipel Nicola Henze Carlos Viegas Dama´sio Michael Kifer Gerd Wagner Additional Reviewers Sacha Berger Daniel Olmedilla Sebastian Brandt Vineet Padmanabhan Gihan Dawelbait Riccardo Rosati Norbert Eisinger Loic Royer Benedikt Linse Claudio Schifanella Sergey Lukichev Umberto Straccia Hans Ju¨rgen Ohlbach Table of Contents Session 1. Invited Talk The RuleML Family of Web Rule Languages......................... 1 Harold Boley Session 2. Reasoning I Automated Reasoning Support for First-Order Ontologies.............. 18 Peter Baumgartner, Fabian M. Suchanek Combining Safe Rules and Ontologies by Interfacing of Reasoners ..................................................... 33 Uwe Aßmann, Jakob Henriksson, Jan Ma(cid:2)luszyn´ski Session 3. Applications Realizing Business Processes with ECA Rules: Benefits, Challenges, Limits ................................................ 48 Franc¸ois Bry, Michael Eckert, Paula-Lavinia Pa˘trˆanjan, Inna Romanenko Interaction Protocols and Capabilities: A Preliminary Report .......... 63 Matteo Baldoni, Cristina Baroglio, Alberto Martelli, Viviana Patti, Claudio Schifanella Semantic Web Reasoning for Analyzing Gene Expression Profiles .......................................................... 78 Liviu Badea Session 4. Querying Data Model andQuery Constructs for Versatile Web Query Languages: State-of-the-Art and Challenges for Xcerpt ........................... 90 Franc¸ois Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse AMaχoS—Abstract Machine for Xcerpt: Architecture and Principles .................................................... 105 Franc¸ois Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse X Table of Contents Towards More Precise Typing Rules for Xcerpt........................ 120 Wl(cid:2)odzimierz Drabent Session 5. Reasoning II Extending an OWL Web Node with Reactive Behavior ................ 134 Wolfgang May, Franz Schenk, Elke von Lienen Supporting Open and Closed World Reasoning on the Web............. 149 Carlos Viegas Dama´sio, Anastasia Analyti, Grigoris Antoniou, Gerd Wagner Reasoning with Temporal Constraints in RDF ........................ 164 Carlos Hurtado, Alejandro Vaisman Session 6. Reasoning III Bidirectional Mapping Between OWL DL and Attempto Controlled English .......................................................... 179 Kaarel Kaljurand, Norbert E. Fuchs XML Querying Using Ontological Information ........................ 190 Hans Eric Svensson, Artur Wilk Semantic Web Reasoning Using a Blackboard System.................. 204 Craig McKenzie, Alun Preece, Peter Gray Systems Session Effective and Efficient Data Access in the Versatile Web Query Language Xcerpt.................................................. 219 Sacha Berger, Franc¸ois Bry, Tim Furche, Benedikt Linse, Andreas Schroeder Web Queries with Style: Rendering Xcerpt Programs with CSSNG ...... 225 Franc¸ois Bry, Christoph Wieser Information Gathering in a Dynamic World .......................... 237 Thomas Hornung, Kai Simon, Georg Lausen Practice of Inductive Reasoning on the Semantic Web: A System for Semantic Web Mining ............................................. 242 Francesca Alessandra Lisi Table of Contents XI Fuzzy Time Intervals System Description of the FuTI–Library .......... 257 Hans Ju¨rgen Ohlbach A Prototype of a Descriptive Type System for Xcerpt.................. 262 Artur Wilk, Wl(cid:2)odzimierz Drabent Author Index................................................... 277 The RuleML Family (cid:2) of Web Rule Languages Harold Boley Institutefor Information Technology – e-Business, National Research Council of Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 9W4, Canada harold.boley AT nrc DOT gc DOT ca Abstract. The RuleML family of Web rule languages contains deriva- tion (deduction)rulelanguages, whichthemselveshaveawebized Data- log language astheirinnercore. DatalogRuleML’s atomicformulas can be(un)keyedand (un)ordered.InheritingtheDatalog features, Hornlog RuleMLaddsfunctional expressions as terms. In Hornlogwith equality, suchuninterpreted(constructor-like)functionsarecomplementedbyin- terpreted(equation-defined)functions.Thesearedescribedbyfurtheror- thogonaldimensions“single-vs.set-valued”and“first-vs.higher-order”. Combinedmodallogicsapplyspecialrelationsasoperatorstoatomswith an uninterpretedrelation, complementing the usual interpreted ones. 1 Introduction Efforts in Web rules have steadily increased since they were brought into focus by the RuleML Initiative [http://ruleml.org] in 2000, includ- ing DARPA’s DAML Rules [http://www.daml.org/rules], IST’s REWERSE [http://rewerse.net], ISO’s Common Logic [http://cl.tamu.edu], OMG’s Produc- tion Rule Representation (PRR) [http://www.omg.org/docs/bmi/06-02-08.pdf] as well as Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR) [http://www.businessrulesgroup.org/sbvr.shtml], and W3C’s Rule Interchange For- mat (RIF) [http://www.w3.org/2005/rules]. RuleML has co-evolved with some of these other efforts as well as with the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) [http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL], the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) [http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWSF-SWSL], and the Web Rule Lan- guage (WRL) [http://www.w3.org/Submission/WRL]. This has been supported by, and influenced, RuleML’s modular design. The specification of RuleML constitutes a modular family of Web sublan- guages,whoserootaccessesthelanguageasawholeandwhosemembersidentify customized,combinablesubsetsofthelanguage.Eachofthefamily’ssublanguages has anXML Schema definition,Web-addressedby a URI, whichpermits inheri- tancebetweensublanguageschemasandprecisereferencetotherequiredexpres- siveness.The family structure providesan expressiveinclusionhierarchyfor the (cid:2) Thanks to David Hirtle for creating the family’s XML Schemas, and the RuleML SteeringCommitteeforguidance.ThisresearchwaspartiallysupportedbyNSERC. J.J.Alferesetal.(Eds.):PPSWR2006,LNCS4187,pp.1–17,2006. (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2006