Table Of Content

ffirs.fm Page iii Monday, November 21, 2005 9:15 AM Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology Second Edition Editors Stephen H. Gillespie Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK and Peter M. Hawkey University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ffirs.fm Page ii Monday, November 21, 2005 9:15 AM ffirs.fm Page i Monday, November 21, 2005 9:15 AM Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology Second Edition ffirs.fm Page ii Monday, November 21, 2005 9:15 AM ffirs.fm Page iii Monday, November 21, 2005 9:15 AM Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology Second Edition Editors Stephen H. Gillespie Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK and Peter M. Hawkey University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ffirs.fm Page iv Monday, November 21, 2005 9:15 AM Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. 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Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Principles and practice of clinical bacteriology/editors, Stephen H. Gillespie and Peter M. Hawkey. — 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-470-84976-7 (cloth:alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-470-84976-2 (cloth:alk. paper) 1. Medical bacteriology. [DNLM: 1. Bacteriological Techniques. QY 100 P957 2005] I. Gillespie, S. H. II. Hawkey, P. M. (Peter M.) QR46.P84 2005 616.9′041—dc22 2005013983 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN-13 978-0-470-84976-7 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-10 0-470-84976-2 (cloth: alk. paper) Typeset in 9/10pt Times by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. ftoc.fm Page v Saturday, December 10, 2005 11:06 AM Contents List of Contributors vii 19 Brucella spp. 265 Preface ix Edward J. Young 20 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 273 Brian Henderson and Derren Ready SECTION ONE GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI 1 21 Francisella tularensis 281 1 β-Haemolytic Streptococci 3 Petra C. F. Oyston Androulla Efstratiou, Shiranee Sriskandan, Theresa Lamagni and Adrian Whatmore 22 Rickettsia spp. 285 James G. Olson, Franca R. Jones 2 Oral and Other Non-β-Haemolytic Streptococci 21 and Patrick J. Blair Roderick McNab and Theresa Lamagni 23 Bartonella spp. 295 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae 41 J. M. Rolain and D. Raoult Indran Balakrishnan 24 Mycoplasma spp. 305 4 Enterococcus spp. 59 Christiane Bébéar, Sabine Pereyre and Esteban C. Nannini and Barbara E. Murray Cécile M. Bébéar 5 Staphylococcus aureus 73 25 Chlamydia spp. and Related Organisms 317 Sharon Peacock S. J. Furrows and G. L. Ridgway 6 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 99 26 Tropheryma whipplei 329 Roger G. Finch F. Fenollar and D. Raoult SECTION TWO GRAM-POSITIVE BACILLI 113 27 Identification of Enterobacteriaceae 341 Peter M. Hawkey 7 Corynebacterium spp. 115 Aruni De Zoysa and Androulla Efstratiou 28 Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. 347 Christopher L. Baylis, Charles W. Penn, 8 Listeria and Erysipelothrix spp. 129 Nathan M. Thielman, Richard L. Guerrant, Kevin G. Kerr Claire Jenkins and Stephen H. Gillespie 9 Bacillus spp. and Related Genera 139 29 Salmonella spp. 367 Niall A. Logan and Marina Rodríguez-Díaz Claire Jenkins and Stephen H. Gillespie 10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 159 Stephen H. Gillespie 30 Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia spp. 377 11 Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria 171 C. Anthony Hart Stephen H. Gillespie 31 Donovanosis and Klebsiella spp. 387 12 Aerobic Actinomycetes 183 John Richens Stephen H. Gillespie 32 Proteus, Providencia and Morganella spp. 391 SECTION THREE GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS 189 Peter M. Hawkey 13 Moraxella catarrhalis and Kingella kingae 191 33 Yersinia spp. 397 Alex van Belkum and Cees M. Verduin M. B. Prentice 14 Neisseria meningitidis 205 34 Vibrio spp. 407 Dlawer A. A. Ala’Aldeen and David P. J. Turner Tom Cheasty 15 Neisseria gonorrhoeae 221 35 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas spp. 419 Catherine A. Ison Alpana Bose 16 Acinetobacter spp. 231 36 Pseudomonas and Burkholderia spp. 427 Peter Hawkey and Eugenie Bergogne-Berezin Tyrone L. Pitt and Andrew J. H. Simpson 17 Haemophilus spp. 245 37 Legionella spp. 445 Derrick W. Crook and Derek W. Hood T. G. Harrison 18 Bordetella spp. 253 38 Coxiella burnetii 457 Qiushui He, Jussi Mertsola and James G. Olson, Franca R. Jones and Matti K. Viljanen Patrick J. Blair ftoc.fm Page vi Saturday, December 10, 2005 11:06 AM vi CONTENTS SECTION FOUR SPIRAL BACTERIA 461 SECTION FIVE OBLIGATE ANAEROBIC BACTERIA 527 39 Leptospira spp. 463 44 Anaerobic Cocci 529 P. N. Levett D. A. Murdoch 45 Non-Sporing Gram-Negative Anaerobes 541 40 Helicobacter spp. and Related Sheila Patrick and Brian I. Duerden Organisms 473 Peter J. Jenks 46 Clostridium difficile 557 Mark H. Wilcox 41 Campylobacter and Arcobacter spp. 485 Diane E. Taylor and Monika Keelan 47 Other Clostridium spp. 567 Ian R. Poxton 42 Treponemes 503 Andrew J. L. Turner 48 Anaerobic Actinomycetes and Related Organisms 575 Val Hall 43 Borrelia spp. 511 Sudha Pabbatireddy and Benjamin J. Luft Index 587 fbetw.fm Page vii Monday, November 14, 2005 3:27 PM List of Contributors Dlawer A. A. Ala’Aldeen Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Richard L. Guerrant Division of Infectious Diseases, University Group, Division of Microbiology, University Hospital, Nottingham of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA NG7 2UH, UK Val Hall Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Indran Balakrishnan Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Service for Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW, UK Christopher L. Baylis Campden & Chorleywood Food Research T. G. Harrison Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Association (CCFRA), Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire GL55 Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, 61 Colindale 6LD, UK Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK Cécile M. Bébéar Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor C. Anthony Hart Medical Microbiology Department, Royal Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France Liverpool Hospital, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK Christiane Bébéar Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France Peter M. Hawkey Division of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Alex van Belkum Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam EMCR, Qiushui He Pertussis Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland Eugenie Bergogne-Berezin University Paris 7, Faculty of Medicine Brian Henderson Division of Infection and Immunity, Eastman Bichat, 100 bis rue du Cherche-Midi, Paris 75006, France Dental Institute, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK Patrick J. Blair US Embassy Jakarta, US NAMRU 2, FPO AP Derek W. Hood Molecular Infectious Diseases, Department of 96520-8132 Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK Alpana Bose Centre for Medical Microbiology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Hampstead Campus, Rowland Catherine Ison Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory, Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK Tom Cheasty HPA Colindale, Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Centre for Infection, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK Claire Jenkins Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 Derrick W. Crook Department of Clinical Microbiology, John 2PF, UK Radcliffe Hospital, Level 7, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Peter J. Jenks Department of Microbiology, Plymouth Hospitals Aruni De Zoysa Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, NHS Trust, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK Department of Respiratory and Systemic Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK Franca R. Jones National Naval Medical Center, Microbiology Laboratory, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA Brian I. Duerden Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Monika Keelan Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK Division of Medical Laboratory Science, B-117 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Androulla Efstratiou Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, T6G 2G3 Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK Kevin G. Kerr Department of Microbiology, Harrogate District Hospital, Lancaster Park Road, Harrogate HG2 7SX, UK Florence Fenollar Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020A, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Theresa Lamagni Healthcare Associated Infection & Antimicrobial Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France Resistance Department, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infection, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK Roger G. Finch Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, The Clinical Paul N. Levett Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health, 3211 Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK Albert Street, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 5W6 Sarah J. Furrows Department of Clinical Parasitology, The Hospital Niall A. Logan Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, of Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market off Tottenham Court Road, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 London WC1E 6AU, UK 0BA, UK Stephen H. Gillespie Centre for Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Benjamin J. Luft Department of Medicine, Division of and University College Medical School, Hampstead Campus, Infectious Diseases, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York, NY Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK 11794-8160, USA