Prince: The Making of a Pop Music Phenomenon Stan Hawkins and Sarah Niblock Prince: The Making of a PoP Music PhenoMenon This page has been left blank intentionally Prince: The Making of a Pop Music Phenomenon sTan hawkins University of Oslo, Norway and sarah niblock Brunel University, UK © stan hawkins and sarah niblock 2011 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. stan hawkins and sarah niblock have asserted their right under the copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. Published by ashgate Publishing limited ashgate Publishing company wey court east suite 420 union road 101 cherry street farnham burlington surrey, gu9 7PT VT 05401-4405 england usa www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data hawkins, stan. Prince : the making of a pop music phenomenon. – (ashgate popular and folk music series) 1. Prince – criticism and interpretation. 2. Popular music – social aspects. i. Title ii. series iii. niblock, sarah. 782.4’2166’092–dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data hawkins, stan. Prince : the making of a pop music phenomenon / stan hawkins and sarah niblock. p. cm. – (ashgate popular and folk music series) includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-7546-6876-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) – isbn 978-1-4094-3439-9 (ebook) 1. Prince – criticism and interpretation. 2. rock music – united states – history and criticism. i. niblock, sarah. ii. Title. Ml420.P974h39 2011 781.66092–dc22 2011014193 isbn 9780754668763 (hbk) isbn 9781409434399 (ebk) bach musicological font developed by © Yo Tomita. V contents List of Music Examples vii General Editor’s Preface ix Preface xi introduction 1 1 The Making of the authentic Pop icon 15 2 inscriptions of otherness: Dandyism, style and Queer sensibility 35 3 a god of earthly Pleasures 55 4 Voicing the erotic and the sublime 75 5 ‘Take Me with U, Prince’: Female Identifications with a Male Pop icon 95 6 The Princian sonic universe: Matters of compositional and Performative Proficiency 123 7 The live experience: Performance and Performativity at the o2 arena 151 Selected Discography/Filmography 175 Bibliography 179 Index 189 This page has been left blank intentionally list of Music examples 4.1 speech forms in musical dialogue in ‘Purple rain’ (Prince and The revolution, ‘Purple rain’, Purple Rain, warner, 1984) 79 4.2 The melodic hook of ‘Purple rain’ (Prince and The revolution, ‘Purple rain’, Purple Rain, warner, 1984) 80 4.3 Main riff in section b of ‘raspberry beret’ (Prince and The revolution, ‘raspberry beret’, Around the World in a Day, Paisley Park, 1985) 84 4.4 groove from ‘when Doves cry’ (Prince and The revolution, ‘when Doves cry’, Purple Rain, warner, 1984) 88 4.5 four-chord synth riff in ‘1999’ (Prince, ‘1999’, 1999, warner, 1982) 91 4.6 ‘Party’ in ‘1999’ (Prince, ‘1999’, 1999, warner, 1982) 92 6.1 bass line from ‘Tramp’ (otis redding and carla Thomas, ‘Tramp’, The Dock of the Bay, rhino stax/atlantic records, 1967) 135 6.2 ‘7’ – ‘and we will watch them fall’ (Prince and the new Power generation, ‘7’, the Love Symbol album, Paisley Park/warner, 1992) 135 6.3 lyrical articulation in ‘7’ (Prince and the new Power generation, ‘7’, the Love Symbol album, Paisley Park/warner, 1992) 140 6.4 bass riffs from Planet Earth (Prince, ‘Planet earth’, ‘guitar’, ‘somewhere here on earth’, ‘all the Midnights in the world’, ‘chelsea rodgers’, ‘lions of Judah’, Planet earth, nPg/columbia, 2007) 143 6.5 selected riffs from Planet Earth (Prince, ‘Planet earth’, ‘guitar’, ‘The one u wanna c’, ‘future baby Mama’, ‘Mr. goodnight’, ‘resolution’, Planet earth, nPg/columbia, 2007) 147 This page has been left blank intentionally general editor’s Preface The upheaval that occurred in musicology during the last two decades of the twentieth century has created a new urgency for the study of popular music alongside the development of new critical and theoretical models. a relativistic outlook has replaced the universal perspective of modernism (the international ambitions of the 12-note style); the grand narrative of the evolution and dissolution of tonality has been challenged, and emphasis has shifted to cultural context, reception and subject position. Together, these have conspired to eat away at the status of canonical composers and categories of high and low in music. a need has arisen, also, to recognize and address the emergence of crossovers, mixed and new genres, to engage in debates concerning the vexed problem of what constitutes authenticity in music and to offer a critique of musical practice as the product of free, individual expression. Popular musicology is now a vital and exciting area of scholarship, and the Ashgate Popular and Folk Music Series presents some of the best research in the field. Authors are concerned with locating musical practices, values and meanings in cultural context, and draw upon methodologies and theories developed in cultural studies, semiotics, poststructuralism, psychology and sociology. The series focuses on popular musics of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. it is designed to embrace the world’s popular musics from acid Jazz to Zydeco, whether high tech or low tech, commercial or non-commercial, contemporary or traditional. Professor Derek b. scott Professor of critical Musicology university of leeds