Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1886 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by J. G. Carbonell and J. Siekmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Riichiro Mizoguchi John Slaney (Eds.) PRICAI 2000 Topics in Artificial Intelligence 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Melbourne, Australia, August 28 - September 1,2000 Proceedings ^S Springer Series Editors Jaime G. Carbonell,Caraegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Jorg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbriicken, Germany Volume Editors Riichiro Mizoguchi Osaka University, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan E-mail: [email protected] John Slaney Australian National University, Computer Sciences Laboratory Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Topics in artificial intelligence : proceedings / PRICAI2000, 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Melbourne, Australia, August 28 - September 1, 2000. Riichiro Mizoguchi; John Stanley (ed.). - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 2000 (Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 1886 : Lecture notes in artificial intelligence) ISBN 3-540-67925-1 CR Subject Classification (1998): 1.2 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-67925-1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyriglit. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprintmg, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication o tfhis publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmaimSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH © Springer-Veriag Beriin Heidelberg 2000 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Steingraber Satztechnik GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10722476 06/3142 5432 10 Preface PRICAI 2000, held in Melbourne, Australia, is the sixth Pacific Rim Interna tional Conference on Artificial Intelligence and is the successor to the five earlier PRICAIs held in Nagoya (Japan), Seoul (Korea), Beijing (China), Cairns (Aus tralia) and Singapore in the years 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1998 respectively. PRICAI is the leading conference in the Pacific Rim region for the presenta tion of research in Artificial Intelligence, including its applications to problems of social and economic importance. The objectives of PRICAI are: To provide a forum for the introduction and discussion of new research results, concepts and technologies; To provide practising engineers with exposure to and an evaluation of evolving research, tools and practices; To provide the research community with exposure to the problems of practical applications of AI; and To encourage the exchange of AI technologies and experience within the Pacific Rim countries. PRICAI 2000 is a memorial event in the sense that it is the last one in the 20"" century. It reflects what researchers in this region believe to be promising for their future AI research activities. In fact, some salient features can be seen in the papers accepted. We have 12 papers on agents, while PRICAI 96 and 98 had no more than two or three. This suggests to us one of the directions in which AI research is going in the next century. It is true that agent research provides us with a wide range of research subjects from basic ones to applications. In contrast, the number of papers on knowledge discovery and data mining is not increasing, though this may be because a new conference, PAKDD, was established in 1997. We have a good number of papers on basic AI and see steady activity on that topic in our region. Compared to the theoretical papers, we have had a smaller number of application- or system-oriented papers in the past two conferences. However, we can find a new movement in AI applications to Web technology on which we have 4 papers this year. This also suggests a promising direction to pursue. The technical program comprised two days of workshops and tutorials, fol lowed by paper and poster sessions and invited plenary lectures. We had five invited speakers: Nick Jennings, Shun-ichi Amari, Randy Goebel, Qiang Yang and Jae Kyu Lee. Their topics included Agents, Brain science. Knowledge rep>- resentation. Search on the Internet and AI in electronic commerce. These talks nicely reflect the themes of the contributed technical papers and provoked inter esting discussion. There were 207 submissions from 25 countries. The program committee worked hard to ensure that the conference would be of high quality and that every paper was seen by at least two and in most cases three expert reviewers. VI Preface The overall standard of submitted papers was high, and owing to space and time constraints several interesting papers could not be accepted for full presentation and publication. As a result, in addition to the 72 full papers in this volume, the conference made a feature of 44 poster presentations, abstracts of which can also be found in these proceedings. We have many people to thank, starting with the members of the program committee and the many reviewers who worked hard to get more than 200 pa pers carefully reviewed under quite severe time constraints. The conference chair Geoff Webb, the organising chair Chengqi Zhang and the rest of their committees deserve our grateful thanks and are duly acknowledged below. Finally, we wish to thank administrative assistant Diane Kossatz and program committee mem ber Sylvie Thiebaux without whose help in the practical matter of dealing with the submitted papers, and in the latter case in the process of allocating them to reviewers, the technical program of PRICAI 2000 would not have existed. August 2000 Riichiro Mizoguchi and John Slaney Program Co-chairs PRICAI 2000 Organization PRICAI 2000 was organized by the department of Computer Science, Deakin Univeristy, and held at the Melbourne Convention Centre from 28 August to 1 September, 2000. It was co-located with RoboCup 2000 and with two other con ferences: the Symposium on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Industry and the Australian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA 2000). Conference Committee Conference Chair: Geoff Webb (Deakin University, Australia) Program Chairs: Riichiro Mizoguchi (Osaka University, Japan) John Slaney (Australian National University) Organizing Chair: Chengqi Zhang (Deakin University) Treasurer: Douglas Newlands (Deakin University) Publicity Chair: Achim Hoffmann (University of New South Wales, Australia) Workshop Chair: Huan Liu (National University of Singapore) Tutorial Chair: Eric Tsui (CSC) Program Committee Edward Altman Satoru Miyano Sung-Bae Cho Riichiro Mizoguchi John Debenham Hideyuki Nakashima Norman Foo Fred Popowich Scott Goodwin Ramakoti Sadananda Jieh Hsiang M Sasikumar Mitsuru Ishizuka Zhongzhi Shi David Israel John Slaney Shyam Kapur Keith Stenning Shigenobu Kobayashi Leon Sterhng Alfred Kobsa Sylvie Thiebaux Jae Kyu Lee Benjamin Watson Dayou Liu Albert Wu H Lee-Kwang Takahira Yamaguchi Hing Yan Lee Wai-kiang Yeap Chee-Kit Looi Alex Zelinsky Yuji Matsumoto Ingrid Zukerman VIII Organization Referees Jun Arima Alan Dorin Susumu Katayama Samer Abdallah Fadi Dornaika Hirofumi Katsuno Akinori Abe Norberto Eiji Nawa Concepcion L. Khan Tamas Abraham Dan Fass Phihp Kilby Sushil Acharya Matthias Fuchs . Jonathan Kilgour Mark Ackerman Xiaoying Gao Young-il Kim Jing-jun Ai Chris Gaskett Hajime Kimura David Albrecht Hector Geffner Hajime Kita Ayman Ammoura Ian Gent Yasuhiko Kitamura Elisabeth Andre David Gerhard Les Kitchen K.S.R. Anjaneyulu S.B. Goschnick Lindsay Kleeman Grigoris Antoniou Simon Goss Kevin Knight Hiroki Arimura R. Greiner Alistair Knott Laura Arns Tom Gross Jiirgen Konemann Minoru Asada Yan Guo Sven Koenig Hideki Asoh Corin Gurr Kevin Korb Noboru Babaguchi Eli Hagen Benjamin Korvemaker Hideo Bannai Masateru Harao Miyuki Koshimura Caroline Barriere Michael Hareries Sarit Kraus Anup Basu Clint Heinze Frederick Kroon Jonathan Baxter Steve Helmreich C. Indira Kumari Bettina Berendt Achim Hoffmann Wa Labuschagne Jean Berger Eric Horvitz Chris Leckie Walter F. Bischof Guan Shieng Huang Seungsoo Lee Yngvi Bjornsson Mitsuru Ikeda Wee Kheng Leow Natashia Boland Katsumi Inoue Neal Lesh Maria Paola Bonacina Kentaro Inui James C. Lester Paul Brna Alka Irani Yuefeng Li Bhavesh M. Busa Koji Iwanuma Churn-Jung Liau Terry Caelli Noriaki Izumi Tan Chew Lim Sandra Carberry Anthony Jameson Huan Liu Alison Cawsey Ray Jarvis James Liu Javaan Chahl M.E. Jefferies Yaxin Liu Frangois Charpillet Su Jian John Lloyd Shiva Chaudhuri Wenpin Jiao Wong Lung Hsiang Gordon Cheng Xu Jinhui Xudong Luo Lee-Feng Chien Julia Johnson Guangwei Ma Paul Chung Arne Jonsson Cara MacNish Carohna Cruz-Neira Jean-Pierre Jouannaud Raj Madhavan Jirapun Daengdej Soonchul Jung Victor Marek Kerstin Dautenhahn Hitoshi Kanoh Tomoko Matsui Arnaud Delhay Kamran Karimi Satoshi Matsumoto Yasuharu Den S. Karthik Hiroshi Matsuno Gamini Dissanayake Akihiro Kashihara Yutaka Matsuo Organization IX Brendan McCane F. van Raamsdonk Gordon Tisher Jon McCormack Kanagasabai Rajaraman Janine Toole Eric McCreath Arthur Ramer Eric Tsang Paul McFetridge Durgesh Rao Shusaku Tsumoto Jean McKendree M.R.K. Krishna Rao Hsieh-Chang Tu Vibhu Mittal Bhavani Raskutti Cristina Urdiales Takashi Miyata Magnus Rattray Olivier de Vel Kazuteru Miyazaki Terry Regier Oleg Veryovka Philippe Mulhera Fiorella de Rosis Toby Walsh Shigeru Muraki Sebastien Rougeaux Fei Wang Sivakuraar Nagarajan Holly Rushmeier Song-Xin Wang Masaaki Nagata Michael Rusinowitch Xizhao Wang Akira Namatame R.A. Russell Takashi Washio Kanlaya Naruedomkul Chiaki Sakama Zhang Wei Monty Newborn Claude Sammut Kay C. Wiese Katsumi Nitta K. Samudravijaya David E. Wilkins Emma Norling Taisuke Sato Richard Willgoss Nasser Noroozi Yoichi Sato Sartra Wongthanavasu Kevin Novins Ken Satoh Vilas Wuwongse Jon Oberlander Jonathan Schaeffer Gordon Wyeth Tsukasa Ogasawara Richard Segal Torn Yamaguchi Miho Ohsaki Yeon-Gyu Sec Masayuki Yamamura Yukio Ohsawa Shinichi Shimozono Susumu Yamasaki Takashi Okada Ayumi Shinohara David Yarowsky Manabu Okumura Ye Shiwei Tralvex Yeap Patrick Olivier Alexander Sigel Naoki Yonezaki Isao Ono Zoltan Somogyi Soe-Tsyr Yuan Mehmet Orgun Liz Sonenberg Osmar R. Zaiane Ji-hong OuYang Von-Wun Soo Byoung-Tak Zhang Dan-tong Ouyang Takahiro Sugiyama Chengqi Zhang Mandar Padhye Ji-Gui Sun Dongmo Zhang Maurice Pagnucco Jiping Sun Hong Zhang Wanlin Pang Erkki Sutinen Jianping Zhang Seihwan Park Einoshin Suzuki Wei Zhang Simon Parsons Hirokazu Taki Zili Zhang S.C. Patodi Hai-Ying Tang Qiangfu Zhao Adrian Pearce Tan Boon Tee Jackson Y.S. Zhu P. Ravi Prakash Michael Thielscher Kenny Zhu Wanda Pratt Takenobu Tokunaga Yanqiu Zhu Helmut Prendinger Simon Thompson Cao Zining Wolfgang Prinz John Thornton Teodor C. Przymusinski Qijia Tian X Organization Sponsors Deakin University, Geelong, Australia Mindbox Inc., Greenbrae, California, USA Cooperative Research Centre for Distributed Systems Technology, Brisbane- Sydney-Melbourne, Australia University of Melbourne, Australia Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia