Preventive cardiology a companion to Braunwald's heart disease

625 Pages·2011·20.585 MB·English

by  Roger Blumenthal

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Preventive
Cardiology
A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease
Preventive
Cardiology
A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease
Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine and Director
The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease
Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
JoAnne M. Foody, MD, FACC, FAHA
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School
Director, Cardiovascular Wellness Center
Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospitals
Boston, Massachusetts
Nathan D. Wong, PhD, MPH, FACC, FAHA
Professor and Director
Heart Disease Prevention Program
Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
Adjunct Professor, Department of Epidemiology
University of California, Irvine and Los Angeles, California
President, American Society for Preventive Cardiology
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste. 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease 978-1-4377-1366-4
Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge
in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to
check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the
manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or
formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the
responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their
patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual
patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or
editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter
of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
978-1-4377-1366-4
Executive Publisher: Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor: Bradley McIlwain
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Team Leader: Radhika Pallamparthy
Senior Project Manager: Sarah Wunderly
Project Manager: Joanna Dhanabalan
Design Direction: Steven Stave
Working together to grow
libraries in developing countries
Printed in the United States www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Kenneth L.
Baughman, who exemplified a tremendous commitment
and personal passion for the principles and teachings of
preventive cardiology during his entire life.
We would also like to thank our families for their support
and encouragement during the development of this
comprehensive textbook.
In addition, we extend special appreciation to those who
inspired our careers in preventive cardiology, namely Drs.
Eugene Braunwald, Peter Libby, Thomas Pearson, Adrian
Ostfeld, William Kannel, William Castelli, Jeremiah
Stamler, and Peter Kwiterovich.
Finally, we remember key colleagues and friends,
including Dr. Stanley Blumenthal, Henry Ciccarone,
David Kurtz, and John Yasuda, who made a difference in
our lives and our commitment to preventive cardiology.
Contributors
Ashkan Afshin, MD, MPH Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
Role of Ethnicity in Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons Preventive Cardiology: Past, Present, and Future
Learned from MESA and Other Population-Based
Studies Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC
Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University
George L. Bakris, MD School of Medicine; Director, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone
Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Preventive Cardiology Center, Baltimore, Maryland
of Chicago Medical Center; Director, Hypertensive Preventive Cardiology: Past, Present, and Future; Role of
Disease Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes Vascular Computed Tomography in Evaluation and
Metabolism and Hypertension, University of Chicago Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Advanced Risk Assessment in Patients with Kidney and Ariel Brautbar, MD
Inflammatory Diseases Assistant Professor, Section of Cardiovascular Research,
Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine,
Christie M. Ballantyne, MD Department of Medicine, Department of Human and
Chief, Section of Cardiovascular Research; Interim Chief, Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor Texas
College of Medicine; Director, Center for Cardiovascular Novel Biomarkers and the Assessment of
Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Cardiovascular Risk
Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
Novel Biomarkers and the Assessment of Cardiovascular Matthew J. Budoff, MD, FAHA, FACC
Risk Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Director, Cardiovascular
Ronny A. Bell, PhD, MS Computed Tomography, Los Angeles Biomedical Research
Institute, Torrance, California
Professor of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of
Role of Vascular Computed Tomography in Evaluation
Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of
and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
National and International Trends in Cardiovascular
Disease: Incidence and Risk Factors Gregory L. Burke, MD, MSc
Professor and Director, Division of Public Health Sciences,
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-
Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS, FACC
Salem, North Carolina
Assistant Professor of Medicine (Cardiology and
National and International Trends in Cardiovascular
Hematology); Assistant Professor of Surgery (Vascular
Disease: Incidence and Risk Factors
Surgery); Director of Cardiovascular Thrombosis,
New York University School of Medicine, New York,
Javed Butler, MD, MPH
New York
Peripheral Arterial Disease Assessment and Management Professor of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Emory
University; Deputy Chief Science Advisor, American
Heart Association, Atlanta, Georgia
Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI,
Heart Failure Prevention
FESC
Chief of Cardiology, VA Boston Healthcare System;
Alison M. Coates, PhD
Director, Integrated Interventional Cardiovascular
Senior Lecturer, Nutritional Physiology Research Centre,
Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and VA Boston
University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Healthcare System; Senior Investigator, TIMI Study
Nutritional Approaches for Cardiovascular Disease
Group; Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical
Prevention
School, Boston, Massachusetts
Antiplatelet Therapy
Mary C. Corretti, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASE
George L. Blackburn, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine; Director, Echocardiography
S. Daniel Abraham Associate Professor of Nutrition Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins Hospital School of
Medicine; Associate Director of Nutrition, Division of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Nutrition, Harvard Medical School; Director of the Center Endothelial Function and Dysfunction
for the Study of Nutrition and Medicine, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Overweight, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Risk
vii
viii Rebecca B. Costello, PhD, FACN M. Odette Gore, MD
Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Cardiology Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine,
Health, Bethesda, Maryland Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Integrative Medicine in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Disease Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Michael H. Davidson, MD, FACC, FACP, FNLA Kristina A. Harris, BA, PhD candidate
Clinical Professor and Director of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; University, University Park, Pennsylvania
Executive Medical Director, Radiant Research, Chicago, Nutritional Approaches for Cardiovascular Disease
Illinois Prevention
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Role in
Atherosclerosis and Approaches to Therapeutic Alison M. Hill, PhD
Management Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Department of Nutritional
Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Milind Y. Desai, MD Pennsylvania
Staff Cardiologist, Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Nutritional Approaches for Cardiovascular Disease
Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Prevention
Use of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and
Positron Emission Tomography in Assessment of P. Michael Ho, MD, PhD
Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Atherosclerosis Staff Cardiologist, Denver VA Medical Center; Associate
Progression Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver,
Denver, Colorado
William J. Elliott, MD, PhD The Role of Treatment Adherence in Cardiac Risk Factor
Professor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and Modification
Pharmacology; Head, Division of Pharmacology, Pacific
Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, Paul N. Hopkins, MD, MSPH
Washington Professor of Internal Medicine; Co-Director, Cardiovascular
Hypertension: JNC 7 and Beyond Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt
Lake City, Utah
R. Curtis Ellison, MD Molecular Biology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis
Professor of Medicine and Public Health; Director, Institute
on Lifestyle and Health, Boston University School of Silvio E. Inzucchi, MD
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Medicine; Clinical Director, Section of
Effects of Alcohol on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Endocrinology; Program Director, Endocrinology &
Metabolism Fellowship, Yale University School of
Edward Fisher, MD, PhD Medicine; Director, Yale Diabetes Center, Yale-New Haven
Leon H. Charney Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine; Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
Director, Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Disease, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New
York University Langone Medical Center, New York, Heather M. Johnson, MD
New York Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin School of
Antihypertensive Drugs and Their Cardioprotective and Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
Renoprotective Roles in the Prevention and Management Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurement and
of Cardiovascular Disease Plaque Detection for Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Prediction
Puneet Gandotra, MD
Fellow in Cardiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Steven R. Jones, MD, FACC, ABCL
Baltimore, Maryland Assistant Professor of Medicine, Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the University; Director, Inpatient Cardiology, The Johns
Development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Hopkins Hospital School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland
Vasiliki V. Georgiopoulou, MD Endothelial Function and Dysfunction
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Emory University School
of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, MD
Heart Failure Prevention Assistant Professor of Medicine, Emory University School
Of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia
Gary Gerstenblith, MD Heart Failure Prevention
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Sekar Kathiresan, MD
Cardiovascular Aging: The Next Frontier in Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Cardiovascular Prevention Director, Preventative Cardiology, Massachusetts
General Hospital; Associate Member, Broad Institute,
Ty J. Gluckman, MD, FACC Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Medical Director, Coronary Care Unit, Providence St. Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease and Its Role in Risk
Vincent Hospital, Portland, Oregon Prediction
Preventive Cardiology: Past, Present, and Future
Chad Kliger, MD Darren K. McGuire, MD, MHSc ix
Fellow in Cardiovascular Disease, New York University Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal
Medical Center, New York, New York Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas
Antihypertensive Drugs and Their Cardioprotective and Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Renoprotective Roles in the Prevention and Management Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
of Cardiovascular Disease
C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD, FACC, FAHA
Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD Director, Women’s Heart Center; Director, Preventive and
C
Distinguished Professor of Nutrition, Department of Rehabilitative Cardiac Center, Women’s Guild Endowed o
n
Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Chair in Women’s Health Heart Institute; Professor of t
r
University Park, Pennsylvania Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, ib
u
Nutritional Approaches for Cardiovascular Disease California to
Prevention Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women rs
Peter O. Kwiterovich, Jr., MD Michael Miller, MD, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine; Chief, Lipid Research Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health,
Atherosclerosis Unit; Director, University Lipid Clinic, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Director,
The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Center for Preventive Cardiology, University of Maryland
Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
Evaluation and Management of Dyslipidemia in Children The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the
and Adolescents Development of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Edward G. Lakatta, MD Emile R. Mohler III, MD
Director, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Director of Vascular Medicine; Associate Professor of
Institute on Aging, NIH; Professor of Medicine in Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Cardiology (part-time), The Johns Hopkins University Pennsylvania
School of Medicine; Adjunct Professor, Department of Peripheral Arterial Disease Assessment and Management
Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland Samia Mora, MD, MHS
Cardiovascular Aging: The Next Frontier in Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Cardiovascular Prevention Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Preventive
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston,
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, FACC, FAHA Massachusetts
Chair, Department of Preventive Medicine; Associate Exercise Treadmill Stress Testing With and Without
Professor of Preventive Medicine and Medicine, Imaging
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, Illinois Kiran Musunuru, MD, PhD, MPH
Concepts of Screening for Cardiovascular Risk Factors Clinical and Research Fellow, Massachusetts General
and Disease Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard, Johns Hopkins University School of
John C. Longhurst, MD, PhD Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Professor of Medicine; Professor, Departments of Physiology Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease and Its Role in Risk
and Biophysics, Pharmacology and Biomedical Prediction
Engineering; Director, Susan Samueli Center for
Integrative Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Christian D. Nagy, MD
California Adult and Pediatric Cardiology Fellow, The Johns Hopkins
Integrative Medicine in the Prevention of Cardiovascular University School of Medicine, Ciccarone Center for the
Disease Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
Evaluation and Management of Dyslipidemia in Children
Russell V. Luepker, MD, MS and Adolescents
Mayo Professor, Division of Epidemiology, School of
Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Samer S. Najjar, MD
Minnesota Medical Director, Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation,
Tobacco Use, Passive Smoking, and Cardiovascular Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Health Research
Disease: Research and Smoking Cessation Interventions Institute, Washington, DC
Cardiovascular Aging: The Next Frontier in
Thomas M. Maddox, MD, Msc, FACC Cardiovascular Prevention
Staff Cardiologist, Eastern Colorado Health Care System,
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Assistant Professor, Vijay Nambi, MD
Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Assistant Professor of Medicine, Baylor College of
Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Prevention,
The Role of Treatment Adherence in Cardiac Risk Factor Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Ben Taub
Modification General Hospital, Houston, Texas
Novel Biomarkers and the Assessment of Cardiovascular
Shaista Malik, MD, PhD, MPH Risk
Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiology, University of
California, Irvine, California
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
x Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH Arthur Schwartzbard, MD, FACC
Postdoctoral Fellow, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Director, Clinical Lipid Research, NYU Center for
Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Prevention of CV Disease; Assistant Professor of
Role of Vascular Computed Tomography in Evaluation Medicine, Cardiology Section, NYUSOM; Director, Non
and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Invasive Cardiology, Manhattan Campus of the NY
Harbor Health Care System, New York, New York
Raymond Oliva, MD Antihypertensive Drugs and Their Cardioprotective and
Fellow in Hypertensive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Renoprotective Roles in the Prevention and Management
Hypertensive Disease Unit, Section of Endocrinology, of Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes Metabolism and Hypertension, University of
Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois Amil M. Shah, MD, MPH
Advanced Risk Assessment in Patients with Kidney and Associate Physician, Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Inflammatory Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Instructor in Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Raza H. Orakzai, MD Exercise Treadmill Stress Testing With and Without
Fellow in Cardiovascular Disease, Cedars-Sinai Medical Imaging
Center, Los Angeles, California
Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Leslee J. Shaw, PhD, FASNC, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine; Co-Director, Emory Clinical
Gurusher S. Panjrath, MBBS Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University,
Clinical Fellow, The Johns Hopkins University School of Atlanta, Georgia
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Endothelial Function and Dysfunction
Chrisandra L. Shufelt, MD, MS, NCMP
Jessica M. Peña, MD Assistant Director, Women’s Heart Center and Preventive
Fellow in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Rehabilitative Cardiac Center, Heart Institute,
Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Assistant Professor, Cedars-
Massachusetts Sinai Medical Center; Assistant Clinical Professor, UCLA
Antiplatelet Therapy David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Tamar Polonsky, MD
Sidney C. Smith, Jr., MD, FACC, FAHA, FESC
Fellow, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention,
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Professor of Medicine; Director, Center for Cardiovascular
University, Chicago, Illinois Science and Medicine, University of North Carolina,
Advanced Risk Assessment in Patients with Kidney and Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Inflammatory Diseases Clinical Practice Guidelines and Performance Measures
in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FRCR,
Kristina Spellman, RD, LD
Clinical Fellow, Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Imaging
Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Research Dietitian, Center for the Study of Nutrition
Use of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,
Positron Emission Tomography in Assessment of Massachusetts
Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Atherosclerosis Overweight, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Risk
Progression
Laurence S. Sperling, MD, FACC, FACP, FAHA
Elizabeth V. Ratchford, MD, RVT/RPVI Professor of Medicine (Cardiology); Director of Preventive
Assistant Professor of Medicine; Director of the Johns Cardiology; Associate Director, Cardiology Fellowship
Hopkins Center for Vascular Medicine, Division of Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine,
Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Atlanta, Georgia
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Heart Failure Prevention
Exercise for Restoring Health and Preventing Vascular
Disease James H. Stein, MD
Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division;
Alan Rozanski, MD Director, Preventive Cardiology, University of Wisconsin
Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison,
University College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Wisconsin
Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurement and
Psychological Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Disease: Plaque Detection for Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Prediction
Kerry J. Stewart, EdD, FAHA, MAACVPR, FACSM Mark A. Williams, PhD, FACSM, FAACVPR xi
Professor of Medicine; Director, Clinical and Research Director, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and
Exercise Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University Rehabilitation; Professor of Medicine, Division of
School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine,
Center, Baltimore, Maryland Omaha, Nebraska
Exercise for Restoring Health and Preventing Vascular Exercise for Restoring Health and Preventing Vascular
Disease Disease
C
Peter P. Toth, MD, PhD, FAAFP, FICA, FAHA, Peter W. F. Wilson, MD o
n
FCCP, FACC Professor of Medicine (Cardiology); Professor of Public t
r
Director of Preventive Cardiology, Sterling Rock Falls Health (Epidemiology, Global Health), Emory University ib
u
Clinic, Ltd., Sterling, Illinois; Clinical Professor, School of Medicine and Atlanta VAMC Epidemiology and to
University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois Genetics Section, Atlanta, Georgia rs
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Role in Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease: Framingham Risk
Atherosclerosis and Approaches to Therapeutic Estimation and Beyond
Management
Samuel Wollner, AB
Karol E. Watson, MD, PhD Research Analyst, Center for the Study of Nutrition
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston,
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Massachusetts
California Overweight, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Risk
Role of Ethnicity in Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons
Learned from MESA and Other Population-Based Nathan D. Wong, PhD, MPH, FACC, FAHA
Studies Professor and Director, Heart Disease Prevention Program,
Division of Cardiology, University of California,
Howard Weintraub, MD Irvine, California; Adjunct Professor, Department of
Clinical Associate Professor, School of Medicine, Division Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine and
of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Los Angeles, California; President, American Society
Center, New York, New York for Preventive Cardiology
Antihypertensive Drugs and Their Cardioprotective and Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease; Role of
Renoprotective Roles in the Prevention and Management Vascular Computed Tomography in Evaluation and
of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Francine K. Welty, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School;
Director and Principal Investigator, NHLBI Specialized
Center of Clinically Oriented Research in Vascular Injury,
Repair and Remodeling, General and Preventative,
Cardiologist, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
The Contribution of Triglycerides and Triglyceride-Rich
Lipoproteins to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease