Pressure-sensitive adhesives technology

1242 Pages·1997·5.62 MB·English

by  István Benedek

title: Pressure-sensitive Adhesives Technology
author: Benedek, Istvan.; Heymans, Luc J.
publisher: CRC Press
isbn10 | asin: 0824797655
print isbn13: 9780824797652
ebook isbn13: 9780585157580
language: English
subject Adhesives.
publication date: 1997
lcc: TP968.B424 1997eb
ddc: 668/.3
subject: Adhesives.
Page i
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Technology
Istvan Benedek
Industrial Consultant
Wuppertal, Germany
Luc J. Heymans
MACtac
Grimbergen, Belgium
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
New YorkBaselHong Kong
Page ii
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Benedek, Istvan.
Pressure-sensitive adhesives technology / Istvan Benedek, Luc J.
Heymans.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8247-9765-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Adhesives. I. Heymans, Luc J. II. Title.
TP968.B424 1996
668'.3dc20 96-31582
CIP
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Copyright © 1997 by MARCEL DEKKER, INC. All Rights
Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in
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storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher.
MARCEL DEKKER, INC.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Page iii
Preface
Since their introduction half a century ago, pressure-sensitive
adhesives have been successfully applied in many fields. They are
used in self-adhesive labels, and tapes and protective films, as well as
in dermal dosage systems for pharmaceutical applications, the
assembly of automotive parts, toys, and electronic circuits and
keyboards. They have experienced an astonishing growth rate, and the
installed manufacturing and converting capacity has also sharply
increased. A specific engineering technology for pressure-sensitive
adhesives, surprisingly a special science, appears to be lacking. Very
few books deal with the intrinsic features of pressure-sensitive
adhesives.
The application of pressure-sensitive adhesives requires a thorough
knowledge of basic rheological and viscoelastic phenomena. Adhesive
and polymer scientists, however, are not very often employed as
industrial managers or machine operators. Therefore the need arises to
investigate and summarize the most important features of pressure-
sensitive adhesive technology and to explain the phenomena
scientifically. This book covers all the fields of manufacturing,
conversion, and application and end-uses of pressure-sensitive
adhesives.
The classical approach would be to compile a treatise based on the
work of various experts, theoreticians, chemists, and engineers,
thereby coming up with a book consisting of a series of papers with a
common title only. We have, however, chosen a different approach.
Based on our experience as engineers (in both scientific activity and
industrial areas), and using the available technical literature, we have
addressed all aspects of pressure-sensitive adhesives. We have
included the scientific basis of suitability for specific applications
(i.e., chemical and physical, rheology), the raw materials,
Page iv
the manufacture (formulation) of the adhesive and of the labelstock
(converting the adhesive). We have selected self-adhesive labels as the
most complex self-adhesive laminate; we mainly discuss labels, but,
whenever possible, a comparison with and extension to other
applications is included. In order to illustrate the different topics and
issues discussed, we have referred to a number of commercially
available products. It should be kept in mind that these products are
only mentioned in order to clarify the discussion and in no way does it
constitute any judgment about inherent performance characteristics or
their suitability for specific applications or end-uses.
It is not the aim of this book to establish or complete the science of
pressure-sensitive adhesives, nor does it constitute a series of recipes.
Rather, it serves as a practical aid to convertors and those involved in
the design and use of pressure-sensitive adhesives.
ISTVAN BENEDEK
LUC J. HEYMANS
Page v
Contents
Preface iii
1. Introduction 1
References 3
2. Rheology of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives 5
2.1 5
Rheology of Uncoated PSAs
2.1.1 6
Properties of PSAs
2.1.2 11
Influence of Viscoelastic Properties on the Adhesive
Properties of PSAs
2.1.3 21
Influence of Viscoelastic Properties on the Converting
Properties of PSAs and PSA Laminates
2.1.4 22
Influence of Viscoelastic Properties on End-Use
Properties of PSAs
2.1.5 25
Factors Influencing Viscoelastic Properties of PSAs
2.2 34
Rheology of PSA Solutions and Dispersions
2.2.1 35
Rheology of PSA Solutions
2.2.2 38
Rheology of PSA Dispersions
2.3 44
Rheology of the Pressure-Sensitive Laminate
2.3.1 46
Influence of Liquid Components of the Laminate
2.3.2 48
Influence of the Solid Components of the Laminate
2.3.3 70
Influence of the Composite Structure
References 70
Page vi
3. Physical Basis for the Viscoelastic Behavior of 75
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
3.1 76
The Role of the Tg in Characterizing PSAs
3.1.1 77
Values of Tg for Adhesives
3.1.2 80
Factors Influencing Tg
3.1.3 86
Adjustment of Tg
3.1.4 88
Correlation Between the Main End-Use/Converting
Properties of PSAs and Tg
3.2 91
Role of the Modulus in Characterizing PSAs
3.2.1 92
Factors Influencing the Modulus
3.2.2 99
Adjustment of the Modulus
3.2.3 101
Modulus Values
References 103
4. Comparison of PSAs 107
4.1 108
Comparison of PSAs with Thermoplastics and Rubber