Prehistoric Settlement Patterns and Cultures in Susiana, Southwestern Iran: The Analysis of the F.G.L. Gremliza Survey Collection

190 Pages·7.842 MB·English

by  by Abbas Alizadeh

Technical Report 24
Prehistoric Settlement Patterns
and Cultures in Susiana,
Southwestern Iran
The Analysis of the F.G.L. Gremliza Survey Collection
by
Abbas Alizadeh
With a foreword by
Henry T. Wright
Ann Arbor
1992
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
UST OF TABLES, v
UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, vi
UST OF PLATES, ix
FOREWORD, x
PREFACE, xii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, ivx
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION, 1
Background of Archaeological Surveys in Khuzestan, 2
Methods and Circumstances of Gremliza Survey, 3
Recording of the Sites, 3
The Survey Maps, 4
The Transliteration of Local Names, 4
CHAPTER 2: THE KHUZESTAN ENVIRONMENT, 15
Introduction, 15
The Arid Zone, 16
The Semi-arid Zone, 16
The Dry Zone, 16
The Rivers, 16
CHAPTER 3: THE POTTERY OF THE GREMUZA SURVEY, 19
The Chronological System Adopted, 19
Pottery of the Early Periods, 19
Archaic Susiana, 19
Early Susiana, 20
Pottery of the Middle Susiana Period, 20
Middle Susiana 1, 20
Middle Susiana 2, 20
Middle Susiana 3, 20
Pottery of the Late Susiana Period, 21
Introduction, 21
Stratigraphic Evidence for the Late Susiana 1 Phase, 22
Characteristics of the Late Susiana 1 Pottery, 24
Presence of the Late Susiana 1 at Susa, 25
Late Susiana and the Highland Connection, 25
Late Susiana 2, 26
Pottery of the Protoliterate Period, 26
111
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY MATERIAL, 37
Introduction, 37
The Survey Areas, 37
The Upper Shaur Area, 37
The Lower Shaur Area, 38
The Pilot Area, 38
The Greater Dez Area, 39
The Greater Dez East Area, 39
CHAPTER 5: THE SUSIANA PLAIN IN THE PREHISTORIC PERIODS, 55
Formative Susiana, 55
Archaic Susiana 1-3, 55
Early Susiana, 56
Middle Susiana, 56
Late Susiana, 57
CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS, 59
BIBLIOGRAPHY, 63
APPENDIX: Catalogue of the Survey Material, 71
iv
LIST OF TABLES
1. List of modern-day villages in Upper Khuzestan, 5
2. Average monthly precipitation in Khuzestan, 15
3. Relative chronology of Susiana prehistoric sites, 36
4. Number of sites, by period in Upper Shaur region, 38
5. Number of sites, by period in Lower Shaur region, 38
6. Number of sites, by period in Pilot Area, 39
7. Number of sites, by period in Greater Dez area, 39
8. Number of sites, by period in Greater Dez East area, 40
9. List of periods attested at each site, 41
v
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Map of Iran, showing the survey area, 7
2. Map of Upper Khuzestan, showing villages and ancient sites, 8
3. Map of Upper Khuzestan, indicating villages (numbered) and major water courses, 9
4. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 29
5. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 30
6. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 31
7. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 32
8. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 33
9. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 34
10. Selected pottery from various periods and sites, 35
11. Survey map of aerial mosaics of Upper Khuzestan, 42
12. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic A, 43
13. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic B, 44
14. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic C, 45
15. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic D, 46
16. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic E, 47
17. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic F, 48
18. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic G, 49
19. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic H, 50
20. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, an irrigation canals in Mosaic I, 51
21. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic J, 52
22. Detailed map of villages, ancient sites, and irrigation canals in Mosaic K, 53
23. Pottery and objects from Site G-U, 72
vi
24. Pottery and objects from Sites G-ill, G-IV, 74
25. Pottery and objects from Sites G-V, G-VI, 76
26. Pottery and objects from Sites G-VID, G-IX, 80
27. Pottery and objects from Site G25-I, 82
28. Pottery and objects from Site G25-I, 84
29. Pottery and objects from Site G25-I, 86
30. Pottery and objects from Site G25-I*, 88
31. Pottery and objects from Site G25-II, 90
32. Pottery and objects from Sites G25-II, G25-ill, G25-IV, 92
33. Pottery and objects from Sites G26-I, G26-II, 94
34. Pottery and objects from Site G27, 96
35. Pottery and objects from Sites G31, Gl72, 98
36. Pottery and objects from Sites G33-I*, G33-II*, G33-IV*, 100
37. Pottery and objects from Site G33-II*, 102
38. Pottery and objects from Site G33-II, 104
39. Pottery and objects from Site G38*, 106
40. Pottery and objects from Site G38, 108
41. Pottery and objects from Site G38, 110
42. Pottery and objects from Site G56-I, 112
43. Pottery and objects from Site G60-I, 114
44. Pottery and objects from Site G60-I, 116
45. Pottery and objects from Site G61, 118
46. Pottery and objects from Site G61, 120
47. Pottery and objects from Site G62-I*, 122
48. Pottery and objects from Site G62-I, 124
vii
49. Pottery and objects from Site G64-I, 126
50. Pottery and objects from Site G64-I, 128
51. Pottery and objects from Site G79-I*, 130
52. Pottery and objects from Site G79-IT, 132
53. Pottery and objects from Site G81*, 134
54. Pottery and objects from Site G86-I*, 136
55. Pottery and objects from Site G86-I, 138
56. Pottery and objects from Site G86-IT, 140
57. Pottery and objects from Site G86-IT, 142
58. Pottery and objects from Site G86-IT, 144
59. Pottery and objects from Site G86-IT, 146
60. Pottery and objects from Site G87, 148
61. Pottery and objects from Site G93, 150
62. Pottery and objects from Site G97*, 152
63. Pottery and objects from Site G97 A *, 154
64. Pottery and objects from Site G97 A, 156
65. Pottery and objects from Site G97A, 158
66. Pottery and objects from Site GU5, 160
67. Pottery and objects from Site G131, 162
68. Pottery and objects from Sites G145, G157, 164
69. Pottery and objects from Site G161 *, 166
70. Pottery and objects from Site G161 *, 168
71. Pottery and objects from Site G 171, 170
72. Pottery and objects from Site G 171, 172
73. Pottery and objects from Site G176, 174
viii
LIST OF PLATES
lA,B. Tappeh Deh-e No, 10
2A. Tappeh Rahimeh I, 11
2B. Tappeh Rahimeh II, 11
3A. Tappeh Sheikh Hujjat, 12
3B. Tappeh Deilameh Sofia, 12
4A. Tappeh Sham'un II, 13
4B. Tappeh Sham'un ill, 13
5A. Chogha Cheshmeh, 14
5B. Tappeh Beladieh, 14
ix