Table Of Content

Health Reference Series _____________ _____________ ______________ ______________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Third Edition _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________P_r_______e________g_________n__________a________n__________c________y_____________________________ _______________________ ___ ___________________________________________________________ ______________________ ______________________ ____ ___ __ _ __ __ ___ ______ ___ ___ __ __ __ ________________________ _______________________ _______ ____ ______ _____ ___ __ ___ __ __ __ ______ _______________________ ______________________ ______ _____ ___ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _______________________________ _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________a_________n_________d_____ _ ____B__i_ __r_______t______h_ _______________________________ ___________________________ ________ ____ _______ __ _________ _ __ _ ____________________________ ______________________________ ___ ___ _ ___ _______ __ ___ __ _____ ___ __ __________________________ _________________________ __ ___ __ __ __ ______ ___ __ ___ _____ ____ ___ __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________S_ _O__ ___U__ R__C_ __E_B__O_ ___O_ __K_ _ _____________________ ______________________ __ ___ _ _______ ________ ____ __ _ ___ _ ___ ___________________________ _________________________ _ ___ _ ______ _ __ ____________ __ _ _____ _____ _ ______________________ _______________________ ___ ____ __ __ __ __ _ ____ ____ __ __ _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ■ _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________B___a__s_i_c__ _C___o__n__s_u__m____e__r_ _H__e__a___l_t_h___ _I_n__f__o__r__m___a__t__i_o__n___ _a__b__o___u__t_ _P___r_e___g__n__a__n___c__y___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________a__n__d_ _F__e__t_a__l_ _D___e__v__e_l_o__p__m___e__n_t_,_ _I__n__c__l_u__d_ i_n___g__ _F__a_c__t_s__ _a_b__o___u_t_ _F__e__r__t_i_l_i_t_y____________ ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ and Conception, Physical and Emotional Changes ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________d___u__r_i_n__g__ _P___r_e___g_n__a___n__c_y__,_ _P__r_e_n__a__t_a___l_ _C___a__r_e__ _a___n__d___ _D___i_a___g_n__o_s__t_i__c______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________T__e_s__t_s__,_ _H___i_g__h___-_R__i__sk__ _P__r__e__g__n___a__n___c_i__e__s_ _a__n___d__ _C___o__m___p___l_i_c__a___t_i_o__n___s_,______________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Labor, Delivery, and the Postpartum Period ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________A__l_o__n__g__ _w___i_th___ _T__i_p__s_ _o__n__ _M__a___i_n__t_a__i_n__i_n___g__ _H___e__a__l_t_h__ _a___n__d__ __W__e__l__l_n__e__s_s__________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________d___u_r_i_n__g__ _P__r_e__g_n___a__n__c_y_ _a___n__d___ _C___a__ri_n__g__ _f_o__r_ _N___e_w___b_o__r_n__ _I_n__f_a___n__t_s__,___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________a__ __G__l__o__s__sa___r__y__ _o__f_ __R__e__l__a_t_e___d_ _T__e__r__m__s_,_ _a___n_d__ _a___ _D___i_r__e__c__t_o___r__y__ _o__f______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Resources for Additional Help and Information ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________■_______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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Sutton _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ■ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ _______________________ Pregnancy _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ _____________________ _______________________ and Birth _____________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ _______________________ _____________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ SOURCEBOOK _____________________ ________________________ _____________________ _______________________ _____________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ Third Edition ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________________ ________________________ 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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ _____________________________ ______________________________ Health Reference Series ___________________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ Third Edition _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ Pregnancy _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ and Birth _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ ____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ SOURCEBOOK _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ ________________________ ____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ ■ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ __________________________ Basic Consumer Health Information about Pregnancy _____________________ __________________________ and Fetal Development, Including Facts about Fertility _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ and Conception, Physical and Emotional Changes during _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ Pregnancy, Prenatal Care and Diagnostic Tests, High-Risk _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ Pregnancies and Complications, Labor, Delivery, and the _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ Postpartum Period _____________________ _________________________ ____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ Along with Tips on Maintaining Health and Wellness _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ during Pregnancy and Caring for Newborn Infants, a _____________________ _________________________ Glossary of Related Terms, and a Directory of Resources _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ for Additional Help and Information _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ ■ _____________________ ________________________ ____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ _____________________ _________________________ Edited by _____________________ ______________________________ Amy L. Sutton ___________________________ _______________________________ ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________P_.O_._ B_o_x_ _31_-_16_4_0_,_ D_e_t_r_o_i_t_, _M__I__ 48_2_3_1________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. Edited by Amy L. Sutton Health Reference Series Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers * * * Omnigraphics, Inc. Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager * * * Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher Copyright © 2009 Omnigraphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7808-1074-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pregnancy and birth sourcebook : basic consumer health information about pregnancy and fetal development ... / edited by Amy L. Sutton. -- 3rd ed. p. cm. Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about the reproductive process from preconception through the postpartum period, with facts about fertility, maintaining health during pregnancy, coping with high risk pregnancies and complications, and newborn care. Includes index, glossary of related terms and directory of resources"--Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7808-1074-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Pregnancy--Popular works. 2. Childbirth--Popular works. 3. Pregnancy--Complications--Popular works. I. Sutton, Amy L. RG525.P676 2009 618.2--dc22 2009029246 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other information storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited with- out permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliabil- ity, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Table of Contents Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. Preface ............................................................................................ xv Part I: Preconception Health: Preparing for Pregnancy Chapter 1—Overview of Reproductive Health..............................3 Chapter 2—Preconception Considerations....................................7 Section 2.1—What to Do before You Conceive..........................................8 Section 2.2—Understanding Genetic Counseling and Evaluation: Is It Right for You?......................11 Chapter 3—Questions and Answers about Preconception Care.................................................13 Chapter 4—Factors That Affect Fertility....................................19 Section 4.1—Age and Fertility..........................20 Section 4.2—Stress and Fertility .....................21 Section 4.3—Sperm Shape: Does It Affect Fertility?.......................................23 Section 4.4—Paternal Exposures to Toxins.......................................25 v Chapter 5—Trying to Conceive ..................................................31 Section 5.1—Tips for Trying to Conceive.......32 Section 5.2—Do Sexual Positions Affect Conception? .....................41 Section 5.3—Using Ovulation Predictor Kits.............................42 Chapter 6—Frequently Asked Questions about Infertility.....45 Chapter 7—Preventing Unintended Pregnancies ....................49 Section 7.1—Contraception (Birth Control) ...........................50 Section 7.2—Mifepristone (The Morning-After Pill) ...........58 Section 7.3—Facts about Abortion in the United States ..................60 Part II: Understanding Pregnancy-Related Changes and Fetal Development Chapter 8—Are You Pregnant?..................................................69 Section 8.1—Signs of Pregnancy ....................70 Section 8.2—Understanding Home Pregnancy Tests.........................72 Section 8.3—Calculating Your Dates: Gestation, Conception, and Due Date .............................77 Chapter 9—Physical Changes during Pregnancy.....................79 Section 9.1—Common Pregnancy Discomforts.................................80 Section 9.2—Back Pain during Pregnancy...................................89 Chapter 10—Pregnancy, Pelvic Floor Disorders, and Bladder Control ...............................................93 Section 10.1—Pregnancy Increases Risk of Pelvic Floor Problems.....................................94 Section 10.2—Pregnancy and Bladder Control........................................96 vi Chapter 11—Pregnancy and Bone Health ..................................99 Chapter 12—Carpal Tunnel Syndrome More Common during Pregnancy..................................................103 Chapter 13—Vision and Oral Changes......................................107 Section 13.1—Pregnancy and Your Vision........................................108 Section 13.2—Pregnancy and Oral Health.......................................110 Chapter 14—Emotional Concerns and Pregnancy ...................113 Section 14.1—Depression and Pregnancy .....114 Section 14.2—Stopping Antidepressant Use May Pose Risks to Pregnant Women .....................120 Section 14.3—Abuse during Pregnancy Affects One in Five Pregnant Women .....................121 Chapter 15—The Three Trimesters of Pregnancy: You and Your Baby...............................................125 Part III: Staying Healthy during Pregnancy Chapter 16—Choosing a Pregnancy Health Care Provider..................................................................133 Section 16.1—How to Choose an Obstetrician/Gynecologist.......134 Section 16.2—What Is a Midwife?..................136 Chapter 17—Prenatal Medical Tests and Care during Pregnancy..................................................141 Chapter 18—Immunization Issues for Pregnant Women........159 Chapter 19—Taking Medicines during Pregnancy ..................167 Section 19.1—Is It Safe to Use Medicines during Pregnancy?...................168 Section 19.2—Aspirin and Pregnancy............173 Chapter 20—Folic Acid ...............................................................175 vii Chapter 21—Nutrition and Pregnancy......................................179 Section 21.1—What to Eat: A Guide for Pregnant Women .....................180 Section 21.2—Vegetarian Diets and Pregnancy .........................185 Section 21.3—Anemia and Pregnancy...........188 Section 21.4—What You Need to Know about Mercury in Fish and Shellfish ............................190 Section 21.5—Caffeine Use during Pregnancy.................................191 Chapter 22—Exercise during Pregnancy ..................................197 Chapter 23—Weight Gain during Pregnancy...........................201 Section 23.1—How Much Weight Should You Gain? ....................202 Section 23.2—Gestational Weight Gain Warnings.........................205 Chapter 24—Sleep during Pregnancy .......................................209 Chapter 25—Sex during Pregnancy...........................................213 Chapter 26—Working and Traveling during Pregnancy.........217 Section 26.1—Work and Travel Considerations for Pregnant Women .....................218 Section 26.2—International Travel during Pregnancy ....................221 Chapter 27—Nicotine, Alcohol, and Drug Use during Pregnancy..................................................225 Section 27.1—Smoking and Pregnancy .........226 Section 27.2—Alcohol Use and Pregnancy.................................227 Section 27.3—Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ..................................230 Section 27.4—Drug Use during Pregnancy.................................235 viii Chapter 28—Prenatal Radiation Exposures and Home Monitoring ..................................................239 Section 28.1—X-Rays, Pregnancy, and You.....................................240 Section 28.2—Pregnant Women Should Avoid Fetal Keepsake Images and Heartbeat Monitors..........243 Section 28.3—Home Uterine Monitors Not Useful for Predicting Premature Birth ......................245 Chapter 29—Common Safety Concerns during Pregnancy.....247 Section 29.1—Hot Tubs, High Temperatures, and Pregnancy Risks ......................248 Section 29.2—Pregnancy and Chiropractic Care.....................252 Section 29.3—Hair Treatment during Pregnancy ....................255 Section 29.4—Tanning during Pregnancy.....259 Part IV: High-Risk Pregnancies Chapter 30—What Is a High-Risk Pregnancy? ........................265 Section 30.1—Understanding Pregnancy Risk...........................................266 Section 30.2—Teen Pregnancy .......................268 Section 30.3—Pregnancy after Age 35...........271 Section 30.4—Multiple Pregnancy: Twins, Triplets, and Beyond....273 Chapter 31—Allergies, Asthma, and Pregnancy......................281 Chapter 32—Cancer and Pregnancy..........................................289 Section 32.1—Breast Cancer and Pregnancy.................................290 Section 32.2—Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors......................................293 Chapter 33—For Women with Diabetes: Your Guide to Pregnancy .....................................295 ix