Precision Spray Nozzles and Accessories

134 Pages·2004·9.97 MB·English

Precision Spray Nozzles
and Accessories
Increase your productivity with Lechler spray technology.
As the business world help accomplish this in the Choosing an experienced This catalog is your first
becomes more competitive best possible way. Lechler partner like Lechler minimizes step. It provides a huge
by the day, you have to has the capability to help your risk. You can count on the resource of nozzle reference
work constantly to improve you from the earliest stages advice you receive and know information and can be a
product quality, build your of your planning. We can that the product will do the job constant reference in your
own efficiency and cut costs. supply engineering assistance as intended. All the resources daily tasks. You can find even
That is the only way to keep backed by comprehensive of Lechler's world-wide more material at our web site,
your customers and grow your technical information on our organization, combined with www.LechlerUSA.com and
business. products and their capabilities. hundreds of years of combined personal one-on-one help is
engineering experience are no more distant than a phone
at your disposal for every new call. If your application has
application. Our manufacturing to be seen to be understood,
locations work together to we have representatives
provide products from stock throughout North America.
or with the shortest possible
deliveries to keep your
operations running smoothly.

Lechler spray technology The breadth of our product
can help you improve your line is only a beginning. The
processes and gain new nozzles contained on these
productivity. This is really the pages can solve almost any
value we offer. A nozzle is not application problem, but for
an end in itself, but simply the most difficult situations, we
a way to solve a problem can create truly specialized
or improve a process. The products to provide exactly the
most important step is result you need to get the job
finding a partner who can done.
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the catalog.
Table of contents: Page:
Introduction
Air atomizing nozzles 17
Hollow cone nozzles 31
Full cone nozzles 37
Flat fan nozzles 49
Air nozzles 73
Tank cleaning nozzles 77
Accessories 95
Nozzle Headers 104
Pulp and paper 107
1
Nozzles designed for your applications
Each spray application has Here are examples of
its own set of expectations. specific industries and
applications where Lechler
A properly configured spray has built specific expertise
application can fulfill any and can offer much helpful
number of functions in a information:
way that is both efficient and
cost effective. Creating that Chemical processing
configuration requires intimate Gas conditioning, reactors,
knowledge of nozzle products scrubbers, mist eliminators,
and how they are best applied tank cleaning, fermenters,
to achieve a specific outcome. condensers
If done in a haphazard manner,
there can be many undesirable Steelmaking
side effects that waste product, Descaling, caster cooling, roll
energy and time. cooling, differential cooling
shape control, strip coating
To keep new applications from
becoming costly experiments, Environmental technology
Lechler has formed special Scrubbers, gas cooling,
teams to develop expertise FGD, NOx abatement, dust
in wide variety of industries. suppression
The assistance of outside
consultants combined with Pulp and paper
the accumulated know-how Oscillating showers, felt
of dozens of application and wire cleaning, trimming
engineers world-wide has nozzles, stationary showers,
helped us compile practical filter cleaning
knowledge that is at your
fingertips any time you bring Food and beverage
one of your applications to us. Produce washing, tank
cleaning, fermenters,
From the concept phase of a humidification, CIP systems
new project to the final delivery,
Lechler can help guide your Surface treatment
decisions so the ultimate Degreasing, phosphating,
solution is both technically and galvanizing, cleaning, spray
economically sound. painting
At the end of the catalog, Electronics
you’ll find a listing of Wafer processing, PCB etching,
our literature showing stripping, cleaning
our products for specific
industries and applications. Agriculture
Moreover, our web sites Crop protection, irrigation,
contain a wide variety fertilization
of literature, articles and
helpful information on more
specialized situations.
2
3
Spray solutions for the environment
Air pollution affects our
environment. Lechler helps
control it by cooling and
cleaning exhaust gasses from
cement plants, electric utilities,
chemical plants, incinerators
and factories worldwide. An
effective system can help
bring your plant into regulatory
compliance, support increased
production and extend
equipment life.
If your process requires
improved particulate removal,
acid gas neutralization,
chemical scrubbing or gas
cooling, Lechler can configure
a system. Using the most
modern computer programs
and simulations, Lechler will
determine the volumetric flow
rates and droplet spectrum
of the spray required for your
specific process. This data
combines with the experience
of our engineers gathered
from numerous installations
throughout the world. From
this we create and implement
tailor made solutions for
your site. These can include
nozzles and spray lances, plus
the equipment and control
mechanisms to make the
system perform its best.
Our installations combine
maintenance friendly
configurations with process
effectiveness so the equipment
runs reliably for years to come.
4
Liquid characteristics and nozzle performance
The characteristics of the liq- Viscosity Nozzle wear Please call and consult with
uid being sprayed, combined Viscosity is probably the Nozzle wear is denoted by our engineers to determine
with the operating conditions most significant of all liquid an increased nozzle flow the best nozzle design and
have a major effect on the properties because it can capacity and the subsequent material to satisfy your specific
nozzle performance. vary over an extreme range. deterioration of spray spray requirements. We will be
Liquid viscosity resists surface performance. glad to help.
Pressure formation. If the viscosity A reduction in system
The greatest influence on the is great enough, a nozzle operating pressure is often an Conditions affecting spray
flow rate is pressure. Normally, may produce a mass of indication of increased nozzle nozzle performance
the flow changes in correlation filaments instead of a spray. wear, especially when positive The chart below shows
with the square root of the Liquid viscosity is remarkably displacement pumps are used. the basic cause-and-effect
pressure. This relationship is sensitive to temperature. Flat fan axial nozzles exhibit relationships between spraying
very direct with most designs, Thus, liquid viscosity has a a narrowing of the spray conditions and performance.
although there are exceptions significant effect on all of the pattern with wear. Other type While this information is true
(including axial full cones and spray characteristics. spray nozzles reveal a loss in of most spraying applications,
some tank cleaning nozzles). distribution uniformity within the specific applications may vary
Some pages indicate an Specific gravity spray pattern — though without due to differing sizes and types
alternate formula, but most of The main effect of the specific a noticeable change in pattern of spray nozzles.
the time this one applies: gravity of a fluid being sprayed size.
is on the flow rate of the nozzle.
P
Q2 = Q1 √ 2 The lower the specific gravity of
P Increase in Increase Increase Increase Increase in
1 a liquid, the higher the velocity operating in in specific in fluid surface
Q1 and P1 are the known through the nozzle, and vice pressure viscosity gravity temperature tension
flow rate and pressure. versa. Thus, for lower specific
gravity, the flow rate is larger Pattern quality + ** — + 
Q2 is resulting flow rate than for liquid with a higher
Capacity + — * ** 
for the desired pressure P2. specific gravity at the same
pressure. Spray angle + then -  — + —
If you need to calculate the 1
Velocity + — — — 
pressure to achieve a specific (Flow rate of water) x
√Sp. Gravity
flow rate, you can use a of liquid Droplet size —  + — +
variation of the same formula:
(Q )2 For example, for a specific Impact +  — + 
P2 = P1 2 gravity of 1.2:
Q Wear +  — ** 
1
P1 and Q1 are the known 1 * Full Cone and Hollow Cone + Flat Spray
pressure and flow rate. 4 gpm = 3.6 gpm **Depends on Fluid Being Sprayed and Spray Nozzle Used.
Water x √1.20 Liquid + = Increases — = Decreases  = Negligible or no effect
P2 is the resulting pressure for
the desired flow rate Q2.
Surface tension Ratio of abrasion resistance
Temperature Surface tension is an important 1 2 4 6 10 15 40 90 130 180 200 250
Temperature influences a physical property affecting
Carbide
liquid’s viscosity, surface surface formation, and makes
tension, and specific gravity, the liquid resist breaking into Ceramics
which in turn can affect spray droplets. The main effect of
Silicon Carbide
nozzle performance. surface tension is on the spray
(Nitride Bonded)
angle and droplet size of the
spray nozzle as well as the Stellite
spray distribution.
Hardened
Stainless Steel
Hastelloys
Stainless Steel
Steel
Brass
Aluminum
5
Selecting the right spray characteristics
Using the rules of spray designs cause the streams to
technology to your collide in open space outside
advantage the nozzle. Internal mix allow
more options for controlling
The process of breaking a the shape of the spray, but
mass of liquid into individual external mix are more tolerant
droplets is called atomization. of high viscosity liquids. There
The ultimate purpose of are many liquid supply and
this is two fold: Control the spray configuration options
distribution of the liquid over throughout the various design
a surface or through space, families.
or, increase the amount of
liquid surface area available. Ultrasonic atomization
Whatever the desired outcome,
all applications rely on the Ultrasonic atomization
basic principles of atomization. uses mechanical vibrations
generated electronically
Single fluid atomization through a piezoceramic
element. The liquid is
Forcing liquid under pressure distributed across this vibrating
through a specifically shaped surface without the need
chamber and orifice can for a pressurized supply or
increase its velocity in such a compressed air. The waves
way that when it is released, induced in the liquid by these
it breaks into waves that vibrations throw exceptionally
break into individual droplets. fine droplets from their peaks,
The artistry of this process is such that the liquid virtually Air atomizing nozzles Hollow cone spray
creating precisely the right explodes into a cloud of mist.
geometry to give the liquid the For critical applications where A wide ranging product This design is employed
desired shape and distribution no other method family used where low liquid more frequently for its
when it leaves the nozzle. This is practical, this capacities and fine droplets are ability to create fine droplets
employs a careful combination approach offers required. Well suited to higher rather than the shape of the
of internal liquid collision, remarkable viscosity liquids or where spray. Applications include:
turbulence and spinning action. possibilities. a pressurized supply is not Scrubbers, chemical reactors,
available. Applications include: gas cooling, dust control, etc.
Air (twin fluid) atomization Humidification, dust control,
gas cooling, precision coating, Axial flow:
Moving gas streams mixing spray drying, etc. An internal vane (swirl insert)
with liquid can also create the creates a conical spray with
necessary waves to generate Flat fan air atomizers: a hollow center. The resulting
liquid droplets. Since such Produce a flat spray pattern impact area is ring shaped.
a gas stream can have very with extremely fine droplets. This configuration is generally
high velocities, a great deal of In addition to their specific Spray angles can range as limited to small capacities but
energy can be transferred to atomizing approach, nozzles high as 80°. Available in both generates some of the finest
the liquid, which can result in are classified by their internal and external mix droplet size profiles of any
exceptionally small droplets. spray pattern and physical configurations. single fluid nozzle.
Additionally, this method configuration. Here are
allows atomization of liquids typical examples of each Full cone air atomizers: Tangential flow:
that have too high a viscosity as you will find them Produce a round, conical spray The liquid enters the nozzle
for conventional single fluid throughout our catalog: with extremely fine droplets at 90° to the cone to generate
nozzles. distributed throughout. Spray swirling action without an
angles range from 20° to 60°. internal vane. Most hollow
Pneumatic atomizers employ Available in both internal and cone nozzles use this design
two main design approaches: external mix configurations. approach, especially in larger
Internal and external mix. With capacities, due to its higher
internal mix, the liquid and gas clog resistance. The centrifugal
are mixed inside the nozzle force on the swirling liquid
and exit together through helps form the droplets as the
a final orifice. External mix liquid leaves the orifice.
6
Full cone spray Flat fan spray Solid stream spray Air nozzles
Internal swirling action creates This design is the first choice Calling this nozzle a spray is Air does not have the same
a cone with uniform distribution when a sharply defined spray misleading in that it is the only spray characteristics as liquids,
throughout. This is the best is needed for concentrated family designed specifically so most liquid nozzles are
approach when trying to cover impact and cleaning power. not to produce droplets. An not suited for air. Air nozzle
a large area with medium sized There is a wide variety of effective nozzle creates a solid designs typically concentrate
droplets. Applications include: capacities, spray angles and shaft of water that retains its the stream into a small area,
Product cooling, washing, distribution to create the shape as long as possible or disperse it into a flat fan.
conveyor cleaning, etc. desired effect very precisely. before it begins to atomize. Compressed air can create
Applications include: Parts This generates the most very high noise levels, so
Axial flow: cleaning, product cooling, concentrated impact possible. effective designs minimize this
The most common conveyor washing, strip All conventional designs are while achieving the desired
configuration uses an internal coating, etc. axial. Applications include: distribution. Many of Lechler’s
vane (swirl insert) to create a Concentrated cleaning, cutting air nozzles use a multi-channel
spray angle as wide as 120°. Axial flow: and trimming, etc. orifice configuration for just this
Vanes are designed to offer Most designs use a precisely purpose.
minimum clogging potential shaped orifice to create
with uniform liquid distribution. controlled turbulence which
breaks apart the liquid. Spray
Tangential flow: angles range from 15° to 110°
These designs can offer a with specific liquid distribution.
more clog resistant approach
for smaller capacities if the Tangential (deflector) flow:
inlet position is not a constraint. Some designs use a solid
Critical internal geometry stream orifice that sprays
allows the spray to fill in to against a deflecting surface,
achieve distribution similar to sometimes referred to as
axial counterparts. a “tongue,” to produce an
exceptionally wide spray angle
or minimize clog potential.
7
Product Classification
Lechler product number system
The following diagram will help Please note that some 6 3 2 . 4 8 7 . 3 0 . B C
explain product number codes products, such as air
in relation to the Lechler spray atomizing, do not follow this
nozzle line. product coding system.
Nozzle Style Flow rate Spray Material code Connection Thread
type angle type size
Nozzle type code Style code Flow rate Spray angle Material code Connection Thread size code
code type code male female
1= Pneumatic See specific See specific FLAT SPRAY A3 Hardened Stainless A=BSPP Connection A = 1/8 B = 1/8
2= Axial Hollow Cone nozzle chart nozzle chart 1= 15o A7 Stellite® 6 B=NPT Connection C = 1/4 D = 1/4
3= Tangential Hollow Cone for style code. for flow rate. 2= 25o 01 Mild Steel C=BSPT Connection E = 3/8 F = 3/8
4= Full Cone 3= 40o 05 Cast Iron G = 1/2 H = 1/2
5= Solid Stream 4= 50o 1C 304 / 304LSS K = 3/4 L = 3/4
or Special Purpose 5= 65o 16 303 SS M = 1 N = 1
6= Flat Spray 6= 80o 17 316 SS P = 11/4 Q = 11/4
7= Ultrasonic 7= 110o 20 Nickel R = 11/2 S = 11/2
8= Lances ALL OTHER 22 Hastelloy® B V = 2 W = 2
Supersonic/Spillback NOZZLES 23 Hastelloy® C-4 Y = 21/2 Z = 21/2
9= Special Projects 1= 20o 24 Hastelloy® C-276 MA= 3 MB= 3
0= Accessories 2= 30o 25 Titanium ME= 4 MF = 4
3= 45o 27 Tungsten Carbide MG= 5 MH= 5
4= 60o 30 Brass MK= 6 ML= 6
5= 75o 32 Bronze
6= 90o 34 Copper
7= 120o 35 BrassNickel-Plate (3"-6" designations are
8=140o or 42 Aluminum, Alloy NPT only)
larger 50 PVC (Polyvinylchloride)
51 Nylon (Polyamide)
53 Polypropylene (Polypro)
54 Polyethylene
Lechler manufactures thousands of individual
55 Teflon® (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
products, which are constantly being changed
56 Delrin® (Polyacetate)
and redesigned for many reasons. While
5E PVDF
we do our best to make sure the data in our
5K ABS
publications accurately reflects our products,
6D Nitride Bonded Silicon Carbide
there are times when some aspect of
performance or physical configuration many
changes. We reserve the right to make such
changes when required, but we will do our best Stellite® is a registered trademark of Stoody Deloro Stellite, Inc.
to alert you to any modifications that could affect Viton®, Teflon®, and Delrin® are registered trademarks of
your application. When any nozzle attribute is E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company.
particularly critical, please feel free to confirm Hastelloy® is a registered trademark of Haynes International, Inc.
any question.
In most cases, products are manufactured to
performance rather than dimensions. This could
result in manufacturing batches that do not
match dimensionally, particularly critical points
like orifice diameters. If you see something that
causes you concern, please consult with your
Lechler representative.
8