Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India

233 Pages·8.485 MB·English

by  Bagchi P.C. (Ed.)

PEE-AEYAN AND PEE-DRAVIDIAN
IN INDIA

PRINTED BY BHDPENDBALAL BANRBJEB
AT THECALCUTTA UNIVERSITYPREBB, SENATE HOUftR, CALCUTTA.
K. No. 854B. June, 1929 K
PREFACE
As the following articles have opened up a new field
of enquiry, I have found it necessary to make them
accessible to our scholars and students. I am thankful to
the authors, Professors Sylvain Levi, Jules Bloch and Jean
Przyluski, for kindly permitting me to publish these
translations in the form of a book. The introduction
is meant for our students, and it does not pretend to be
exhaustive. A number of similarities between Indo-Aryan
and Austric words have been suggested by my friend and
colleague Dr. S. K. Chatterji, and such suggestions
have also occurred to me. As some of the words noted
by us are popular vernacular terms, not usually registered
in dictionaries, it was thought that their discussion might
be h propos to the subject so brilliantly inaugurated by
the eminent French scholars.
In spite of my best endeavours, some possible slips
in translation and transliteration, have crept in : for
these I crave the indulgence of the authors as well as
the reader. But these, I hope, will not detract from the
merit of the original papers, which are singularly valuable
for the reconstruction of the foundations of our history
and culture.
I have gratefully to acknowledge the assistance E
receivedfrom Dr. A. C. Woolner for having gone through
portions of the translation in MS., and also from
Dr. S. K. Chatterji for his constant active interest in
the publication of the work.
P. C. BAGCHI.
THBUNIVERSITY,
CALCUTTA
:
1stMay, 1929.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION ... ... ... i
Some more Austric Words in Indo-Aryan
(S. K. Chatterji and P, C. Bagchi) ... xix
PART I
Non-AryanLoansinIndo-Aryan (J. Przyluski) S
kadall, p. 4; data, kambala, 8imbalay p. 6;
lahgaldylanguid,linga, p.8; Namesof betel,
p. 15; Bengali numeration and Non-Aryan
Loans, p. 25.
PART II
Sanskrit and Dravidian (Jules Blooh) ... 35
PART III
Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidianin India(fylvain
Lvi) ... ... ... 63
APPENDIX TO PART I
Further Notes on Non-Aryan Loans in Indo-
Aryan (J. Przyluski) ... 127
matanga, p. 129 ; maytora, mayuka, maruka,
p. 131 ; Names of Indian Toiras in the
Geography of Ptolemy, p. 188 ; kodumbara-
odumbara, p. 149.
APPENDIX TO PART III
I. Faloura-Dantapura (Sylvain Lvi) ... 168
II. Note on Tosala and Dhauli (P.C. Bagchi) 176
ADDITIONS AND CORRBOTIONS ... ... 179

INTRODUCTION.1
AUSTRO-ASIATIC.
A linguistic unity in the Mon-Khmer group (then
called Mon-Annam) was first pointed out by Logan and
others and established on a sure footing by Keane in 1880,
Forbesin his work, Comparative Grammar of the Languages
of Further India (1881)9 incontestably proved the exis-
tence of this linguistic unity. In 1888 Miiller* continued
the same study further. Euhn in 1889 while emphasising
on this linguistic unity remarked 3 " what is more
striking is the relation with Annamite; there is undeniable
relation of the monosyllabic group : Khasi-Mon-Khmer
with Kolh, Nancowry, and the dialects of the aborigines
of Malacca,"
Schmidt pushed the work of Kuhn further 4 and estab-
lished the relation between the languages of the Malay
peninsula and the Mon-Khmer group. He studied also the
correspondence in the vocabularies 5 and the phonetic
laws of those languages. He then applied these laws to
1 The first part of the Introduction is based on (and partly
translated from) the French translation of Pater Schmidt's article.
Of.BEFEOVII,pp. 217ff.
1 QrundrissderSprachwissenschajt, Vol. IV (Appendix).
8 Beitr&gezurSprachen-kunde Hinterindiens, Sitz. der K. bayer
KL
Akad-derwissensch.phil.hist. 1889, I,p. 219.
* DieSprachen derSakeiundSemang aufMalakkaundihr Verh&l-
tnis zu den Mon-khmer Sprachen, Bijdragen tot de Taal Landen
VolkenkundevanNederl. Indie,6thseries,FartVIH.
B Qrundz&ge einer Lautiehre der Mon-khmer Sprachen (1905),
DenksohriftenderKaiserl.Akad. d. Wiss. inWien (phil. hist,), EL
f
Vol
INTRODUCTION
ii
the study of Khasi.1 In an appendix to his study of
Khasi heexamined Palong, Wa and Riang of the middle
valley of the Salween. Palong was already connected with
the Mon-Khmerfamily by Logan and Euhn. Grierson
Wa
in his Linguistic Survey (II, pp. 1, 88ff.) added
Wa
and Riang to it. and Riang extends almost to the
same latitude asKhasi.
Schmidt next studied ' the Nikobarese and by astudy
ofits phonology proved that it belongs to the Mon-Khmer
family and is related toother languages which belong to
the samegroup. There is resemblance even in particular
details of vocalism and consonantism. It has the same
development for the roots in ya and ioa as in theMon-
Khmer languages, the same for the mode of the production
of palatals. As to the morphology, it presents some
earlier phases of morphological development in many cases
and gives us the key for explaining a series of forms in
Mon-Khmer.8 Nicobarese is not pollysyllabic as often
said; the roots are monosyllabic like otherMon-Khmer
languages and are developed by infixes and prefixes.
There are besides suffixes in it which are completely
missing in other Mon-Khmer languages. Most of these
suffixes indicate direction (as it happens in the languages
of islands) meaning cardinal points. But there areafew
which have purely grammatical function. Hence Niko-
barese isa link between the MundS (or Kol) and the great
einer Lautlehre der Khati-Sprache in ttiren Be*i-
ehungin uderjtnigenfarMon-kJimer Sprachcn(1905) : Abhandlnogen
derkflnigl.BayerAkad.d.Wies.(I.EL,Vol. XXII,III).
* C/. Gr. Mon-khmer Sprachen, 199 ff. and225ff., Qr.Khati.
Sproohe,J 151ff.
> Ct.AppendixtoDieMonomer VBiker,tin Bindeglied Zwischen
V&lke ZentralatientundAuetronetitnt,1906 (cf. FrenchTrsnilatioD,
BBFBO,yn,pp.251ff.).