Praestorrsella roestae (Visser), a foraminiferal index fossil for Late Cretaceous deeper neritic deposits

9 Pages·1993·3.6 MB·English

by  Lukas Hottinger

213
Zitteliana
Praestorrsellaroestaewasdiscoveredin1951byVissf.rinthe evidenceclearlybiasedbysuccessive,fundamentallydifferent
typeMaestrichtian deposits and describedunderthe genenc interpretations.
name Cibicides. Itwasclassified laterby Hofkerin 1955 as Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide additional
Lockhartiaandsubsequently(Hofker 1966)as Tremastegina documentationoftheexternalandinternalmorphologyofP.
aGnodwtdhaus(t1r9a7n8s)ferrerterdanfsrfoemrrtehdetrhoetalsipiedcsietsottohetahmephriotsatleigiidns;idist.s ritosesstyaset'esmashteilcl,potsoitainoanl.yzeitsstructuralfeaturesandtodiscuss
particulargenericnameexpressesitssupposedclosenesstothe
Paleocene genus Storrsella. Loeblich & Tappan (1987) ThispaperisacontributiontoIGCPproject262.Fieldwork
followed this opinion stressing however the need of more wassupportetintheframeworkofDGICYT-projectPB-90/
detailed and more objective morphological documentation. 0718. We thank Alfred Loeblich for providing a copy of
The latter consists so far mainly of Hofker's drawings in Gowda'spaper(1978)publishedinIndia.
several subsequent publications. They provide contradicting
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION
2.
Praestorrsellaroestae(Visser,1951) Peripheryroundcdtoangular,ornamentedbytheperipheral
PI. 1,Fig.1-19;PI.2,Fig.1-9;Text-Fig.1 endoftheventral imperforateridges. In theultimate halfor
1951 Cibicidesroestaen.sp.-Visser:291,pl.6,fig.9. bqeurasrtienrtwhheolralst,wthhoerpleroifpahdeurlytmspaeycibmecfnasinrtelayclhoibnuglaatbeo.ut120,C5hmamm-
1955 Lockhartiaroestae(Visser).-Hofker:4-5,fig.a-e. indiameter.Aperturenotobserved.
1959 Lockhartia roestae (Visser). - Hofker: 289-290, figs.
95-96.
1966 Tremasteginaroestae(Visser).-Hofker:24,figs.1-9. 2.2 ARCHITECTURE
1964b Rotalia(s.1.)roestae(Visser).-Gowda:308. (Text-Fig. 1)
1977 Tremasteginaroestae(Visser).-Villain:67. Thegrowthspiralofthisspeciesisverytightlycoiled:inthe
1978 Praestorrsella roestae(Visser). - Gowda: 3,fig.2 a-k, cquatorialzone,theradialextensionofthechamberlumenis
fig.3a,b. notmuchmorethantwicethechamberheightinthedorsaland
1985 Tremasteginaroestae(Visser).-Drooger&deKlerk: less than twice the height of the ventral alar chamber ex-
tensions. Dorsal part of the septum straight, inclined
1987 P1r2a0e,sptlo.rr1s,eflilga.1r.oestae(Visser). - Loeblich&Tappan: bexatceknwsairodnsofwitthherseespptecutmtvoerthyeldoiwr,ecrteiaocnhionfggtrhoewtahp.exDoirnsaalloaolsaer
662,pl.758,fig.7-11. coilofhalfavolution.
Theshellhasanarrowumbilicalspacefilledwithagroupof
2.1 EXTERNALASPECTOFSHELL umbilicalpilesprotrudingmoreorlessfromtheventralsurface
Comparativelysmall (about0,5 mm indiameter) lamellar- oftheshell. In the umbilical area, this surface is formed by
perforate, trochospiral, involute, inequally biconvex, sub- fusedtriangulärfolia.Thefoliarnatureoftheumbilicalcover
conicaltohemisphericaltest. can be recognized only in sections ofthe shell as the orna-
mentationobscuresthesutures ofsubsequent folia. Residual
Dorsal side hemispherical toconical, strongly ornatewith foliar apertures are kept open during growth ofsubsequent
imperforate,thickpustulesarrangedinvaguelySpiralpattern; whorlsandproduceverticalcanalsopeningintotheambient
dorsal chambersutures infewultimateChambers backwards environmentinbetweenumbilicalpiles.
inclined,depressedorflush, inearlierChambersobscuredby
ornamentation,visibleonlywhenthelateralchamberwallof Intercameral foramen consisting of a Single, low arch in
thelastfewChambersiseroded.Thealarchamber-extensions inarginal-interiomarginalpositionatthebaseoftheseptalface.
form loose spirals reaching the shell apex in about half a Thereisaseptalflapcoveringonlysmallpartsoftheseptal
volution. Dorsal lateral chamber walls coarsely perforate faceintheventralpartoftheshell.Noseptalflapwasobserved
inbetweenimperforate,heavypustulesreachingtheheightof onthedorsalpartoftheseptum.Theseptalflapmergesintoa
thechamberlumeninthesubsequentshellwhorl. tinyumbilicalplateseparatingtheventralmainchamberlumen
Ventralshellsurfaceconvexbutflattened,alwaysmuchless fromanumbilicalcavitySystem.Theumbilicalplateadmitsa
convex than dorsal side. Septal sutures obscured by heavy single,large,roundedpassageconnectingtheventralchamber
ornamentationcoveringtheventral,lateralchamberwallswith lumeninradialdirectionwiththeumbilicalcavities.
radially directed, simple or outwardly forked, imperforate The strong ornamentation of the previous whorl by
ridges alternating with narrow radial grooves carpeted with inflational pustules combined with the exceptionally low
two or three rows of pore mouths. Towards the umbilical chambercavitiesproducepartialsubdivisionsofthechamber
region,thegroovesfuseintoareticularpatternsimilartothe lumen. Ontheventralside,theradial ridgesontheprevious
pattern of reticular zones in orbitolinids (but ofcourse not whorloecupyabouthalfoftheventralchamberlumeninthe
homologouswithsuchastructure). next whorl. Their peripheral extensions however touch the
215
Fig. 1 A-D: Praestorrsella roestae (Visser). - Camera lucida drawings. Position ofsections seeA-D in legend, f: foramen, fol: folium, hs:
hemiseptulum,s:septum,sf:septalflap,up:umbilicalplateproducinginsectionC„Shoulders"betweenwhichtheradialpassage(arrow)admits
communicationbetweenmainchamberlumenandumbilicalcavities.AfromVilavellafm.,Pyrenees;Campanian.B-CfromSouthernIndia;
Maastrichtian.
very low ventral lateral walls and fuse with its inner lining 2.3DISTRIBUTION
producing thus hemiseptula with a circular to oval cross- P. roestae is known so farfrom Maastricht (Netherlands,
section.Thepreviouswhorl'spustulesonthedorsalsidetouch type localiryofthe Maestrichtian stage),the Pyrenean Basin
thelowlateralwallsandsubdividethedorsalalarextensionsof and its margins south and north oftoday's mountain ränge,
thechambercavitywithcylindricalhemiseptularelements.In from the Subbetic margin ofthe Betic Cordillieran Basin in
contrast to the umbilical zone, the dorsal pusrules are Southern Spain (Sierra Seca, Granada; Azema et al. 1979: pl.
intermittently superposed from one whorl to the next XL), and from Southern India (see in particular the list of
producingonlvfcw,radialpilesoflamellae.Thedispositionof synonymies). In all those cases, P. roestae is associated to
theumbilicalpustulesisstronglycoordinatedfromonewhorl orbitoidforaminiferaindicatingaMaestrichtianandpossibly
to the next by superposition. The latter produces a regulär, also Campanian age. For more precision, a revision of the
conical bündle of piles from the first to the last whorl. In- Campanian-Maestrichtianboundaryanditspositioninrespect
berweenthepilesoflamellae,verticalumbilicalcanalsconnect oforbitoidevolutionwouldbenecessary.
the cavities of superposed shell whorls. They are inter-
connected by an horizontal network ofcanals derived from
coveringthereticulargroovesontheventralshellsurfaceby 2.4OTHERSPECIES
thenextwhorl. Gowda(1978)describedadditionaltwospeciesasbelonging
Proloculus spherical, about 30 (im wide. No dimorphism tohisnewgenusPraestorrsella.ThematerialavailableinBasel
observed. does not allow to recognize the two species. From the
216
somewhat summary description given by Gowda, it seems on theventral side, is not recognizable beyond this feature.
veryprobablethatthesetwospeciesarenottobeplacedinthe Thus,forthetimebeing,Praestorrsellahastobeconsideredas
genusPraestorrsella:P.reicheliGowdamaybeaDaviesinaor amonotypicgenus.
asmallSiderolites,whileP.ariyalurensis,describedasevolute
DISCUSSION
3.
P. roestaehasaverysmallsize.Therefore,primarycements pondingto an areal, komma-shaped foramen(Hottingeret
coating the cavities and/or outer shell surfaces hamper the al. 1991). Therefore, we interpret this element as umbilical
analysis ofthe structural elements more than in larger-sized plate.
isolated specimens and may obscure pores and passages. By Hofker's fig. 9 (1966) depicts stellar chamberlets on the
combiningtheobservationsonrandomsectionsinhardrock, highlyconvexsideoftheshellasrevealedbychemicalerosion
onorientedsectionsofisolatedspecimensandonSEMgraphs, oftheshellsurface. Forthisreason,heinterpretedthehighly
wetrytodocumentthestructuralfeaturesofthisforminspite convexsideoftheshellasventralandaccordinglythecoilingas
ofitssmallsize.However,thepreservationofthematerialdoes inverse-trochospiral. This is in Opposition to Hofker's own
notpermitacloseanalysisofthelamellararchitecture. obliqueandequatorialsections(1966,fig.4,6)andtoourown
Visser'sdescription from 1951 concernsonlytheourward observations.ThereisasimplespiralofuniserialChambersin
aspect of shell morphology in this species. Hofker's Inter- this species. Therefore, P. roestae has no relations with
pretation of its structure was based on sections of isolated amphistiginids.
topotypes from Maastricht coated by primary cements NeithertheoriginalmanuscriptthesisofGowda(1964a)nor
illustrated by camera lucida drawings. They agree with our itspartialpublication(Gowda 1978)produceinitsdrawings
own observations as to chamber arrangement, as to the supplemcntary Information on P. roestae's structure.
positionofthemarginal-intcriomarginalforamenandastothe AccordingtoGowda'sverbaldescription,Loeblich&Tap-
existence of dorsal hemiseptula generated by pustules pan(1987)definethegenusPraestorrsellabyhaving„rotaliid
supportingthelateralwallsofthenextwhorl'schamber.They intraseptalpassages"butnoexterna!suturalfissures.Whilethe
alsoagreetosomeextentwiththeexistenceofatinycircum- latterfeatureisconfirmedbyallpreviousauthorsandourown
umbilical cavity producing a kind of spiral canal by the observations, the existence of intraseptal passages without
Separation of the main chamber lumen from the umbilical openings to the exterior is highly improbable: Intraseptal
cavitySystembyanumbilicalplate. passages are partially closed, interlocular Spaces
This latterelement was singled out in Hofker's drawings communicating always with the exterior. Our direct
4,7,8(1966)bystippledsurfacesinterpretedastooth-plates. observations on the shell do not confirm the existence of
However, our material has not produeed intersections as intraseptal passages but the existence ofa septal flap tightly
Hofker's fig. 8 (1966) comparable to Pararotalia and Neo- gluedtorestrictedpartsoftheseptalface.
rotalia with a free edge of a true toothplate and corres-
Plate1 Praestorrsellaroestae(Visser).-Lightmicroscope.Scalebar0,5mmvalidforallspecimens.
Fig.1 Notquitecenteredaxialsectionoflargespeeimen.Alinyaformation,Montsec,SouthernPyrenees,Spain;LateCampanian(seealso
CAUSetal.1988).
Fig.2-3 Sectionsmoreorlessparalleltoandatvariousdistancesfromshellcoilingaxis.BeticCordillieras,Maastrichtian(seeAzEmaetal.1979,
pl.40).
Fig.4 Sectionperpendiculartocoilingaxis,throughdorsalpartofshell.Vilavellafm.,SantCorneliAnticline,Tremp,SouthernPyrenees;
Campanian(seeGallemietal.1983).
Fig.5 Sectionnotquiteperpendiculartocoilingaxis,centered.Noteproloculus.AlinyaEofSegreriver,SerradeTurp,seeCausetal.1988;
LateCampanian.
Fig. 6-7 Basalsections,slightlyoblique;noteumbilicalplate(up)in6.FromMaestrichtian,BeticCordillieras.
8-10 Randomlyobliquesections.MaestrichtianBeticCordillieras.
11-12 Lateralandbasalviewsofisolatedspecimens;Gowda'smaterialfromVilagudilimestone,Ariyalurgroup,SouthIndia;Maestrichtian.
13-17 Seriesofsectionsperpendiculartoshellcoilingaxes,from13nearesttoshellapexto17inshellbasis.Gowda'smaterial.
18-19 Subaxialsections,notquitecentered;Gowda'smaterial.
Zitteliana,20,1993
12
Hottinger,L.&Caus,E.:Praestorrsellaroestae(Visser) Plate
218
SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF PRAESTORRSELLA
4.
Byitsmodestsizeanditsmarginal,radialornamentationof ly specialised rotaliids with similar strucrural features,
the ventral shell surface, P. roestae resembles a Trocholina. „Pseudorotalia"schaubiHottinger(1966),appearalreadyin
Althoughtrocholinashavenosepta,itsumbilicalarchitecturc EarlySantoniantimes.ThesameistrueforRotalias.str.with
admitsacanalSystemwithsimple,radialpassagesconnecting R.reicheliHottinger(1966)asanequallylargeandspecialized
the main lumen with a network of umbilical canals and a species,whilepararotalias(withatruetoothplate;Hottinger
wreathofradialgroovesnottransformedintoacavitySystem etal. 1991)appearwithPraestorrsella duringtheCampanian
by subsequent shell layers (Hottinger 1976). The question timeinterval.
arises, if the ventral, marginal ornament common to tro- There are two extant genera showing some remarkable
cholinidsandPraestorrsellamayrevealaphylogeneticlinkin similarities with Praestorrsella: DiscorbinoidesSaidova, 1975
particular between Neotrocholina valdensis Reichf.l (1956), (type:D.subpatelliformisSaidova,1975)ischaracterizedbyan
withaprimarycalcitic test,andPraestorrsella. On theother umbilical ornamentation with peripheral, radial grooves and
hand,similarradial, marginalornamentationonventralshell umbilicalpiles(textfig.2).Theumbilicalpilcsareproducedby
surfacesareknownastrueanalogiesinsuchunrelatedformsas markedlamellarinflationoftheimperforatefoliarwall.When
Bolivinella, Annulopatellina. Angulodiscorbis and Glabatella superposed in successivewhorls,theyformcontinuous piles
(see Loeblich & Tappan 1987). These Ornaments are a similartotheonesinPraestorrsella.Theumbilicushoweveris
functionalfeatureindicatingplastogamicreproductioncycles notentirelycoveredbyfusedfolia.Thedorsalsideisevolute
(seeLoeblich&Tappan1964=gamontogamiccycleinLeeet butcoveredwithfinepustulesobscuringthepatternproduced
al. 1991). However,Praestorrsella shellswereneverfound in by the chamber sutures. The latter are strongly inclined
plastogamicposition,ventralsurfaceagainstventralsurface,as backwards, while the umbilical chamber sutures are radial,
it is occasionally seen in residues containing Bolivinella, again as in Praestorrsella. A specimen with missing ventral
Glabratella orPatellina.Thus,we havetokeep in mind the chamberwalls(probablyresorbedduringplastogamy)figured
combination of an umbilical canal System linked by radial byHOTTINGERetal. 1993,pl.148,fig.5,showsseptadisposed
passagestothemaintubulärcavityoftheshellwithaventral inradialdirectionbelowtheventralwallandforkedtowards
ornament indicating plastogamy as a feature common to the umbilical cavity. The fork indicates the double-walled
TrocholinaandPraestorrsella. natureoftheseptumandthereforethepresenceofaseptalflap.
ThepresenceofanumbilicalplateinPraestorrsellamayhint There is obviously a shallow dement closing off the main
toaphylogenetic linkwiththegroupofLateCretaceousto chamberlumenfromtheumbilicalcavitiesandinterpretedhere
PaleogenerotaliidsandinparticularwithStorrsella(Drooger as umbilical plate. In dorsal direction, above this dement, a
1960). Although documented only by drawings, this genus wide radial passage admits communication between main
doubtlesslypossessesawelldevelopedumbilicalcanalSystem, chamber lumen and the umbilical cavities. This internal
asingleinteriomarginaltomarginalaperture,umbilicalplates architecturcisalmostidenticalwiththeonedescribedherein
and dorsal alar Chamber extensions. The existence of open Praestorrsellaroestae.
intraseptalSpacesishighlyprobablesincetheventralsutures Conorbella Hofker, 1951 (type: Discorbina pulvinata
aredeeplyfissuredandremainpartiallyopen. Brady, 1884) is less known as to its interior morphology.
Lockhartia (Muller-Merz 1980)isdistinguishedbyfoliar However, theumbilical ornamentation is identical and there
apertures present in Praestorrsella and missing in Storrsella. are heavy dorsal pustules much like those ofPraestorrsella
Praestorrsella cannot bc a direct, Late Cretaceous predeces- roestae.Incontrasttothelatter,bothextantgeneramentioned
sor of Paleocene Iockhartias because large, complex, high- herehaveevolutedorsalsides.
Plate2 Praestorrsellaroestae(Visser).-Freespecimens,topotypesfromMaastricht(Limburg,Netherlands).SEMmicrographs.Scalebar0,1
mm.
Fig.1 Dorsalview.
Fig.2 Dorsalviewofyoungspecimen;notePerforationinultimate,slightlyinflatedChambers.
Fig.3 Dorsalviewoferodedspecimen;Noteseptum(s)spiralingupwardstowardsshellapex.
Fig.4 Obliqueventralview.Noteperipheralradialornamentinpenultimateshellwhorlcoalescingwithdorsal-peripheralchamberwallin
ordertoproducehemiseptula(hs).Theventralsuturecorrespondingtotheseptum(s)cannotbedistinguishedfromotherradial
furrows.
Fig.5 Lateralview.
Fig.6 Obliqueventralview,ultimatehalfwhorleroded.Note„empty"spaceoverexposedpreviouswhorlwheretheinteriomarginalforamen
(f)leftnomarkoftheseptum(s)whiletheumbilicalplate(up)withitssingle,radialpassagetowardstheumbilicalcavities,closesoffthe
chambercavity.
Fig.7 Oblique-ventralviewofdamagedspecimen.Alltheventralandperipheralchamberwallsofthelastwhorlarebrokenaway.Note
hemiseptulaatperiphery.
Fig.8 DetailofFig.7showingumbilicalplate(up)andradialpassage(arrow)inchamberofpenultimateshellwhorlseenthroughagapinthe
foliarwallbelongingtothischamberandcoveringpartoftheumbilicus.
Fig.9 Peripheralviewshowingforamenininteriomarginalposition,partlyobstructedbycementcrystalscoatingtheinteriorwallsurfacesof
allcavitiesintheshell.s:septum;hs:hemiseptulum.
ptteliana,20,1993
Hottinger,L.&Caus,E.:Praestorrsellaroestae(Visser) Plate2
220
Fig.2A-C:Discorbinoidessp.- GulfofAqaba,offMarineBiologicalLaboratory,Elat,RedSea;150m
depth.Cameralucidadrawings.
A.Notquitecenteredaxialsectionmissingproloculusandcentralumbilicalpile.
B.Sectionparalleltoshellbase.Noterecliningseptaindorsalandradialseptainventralpartofthe
shell.Lowumbilicalplates(up)appearinsectionas„Shoulders",thegapberweenthemcorrespondsto
theradialpassages.
C.Sectioninaplanedefinedbythepenpheryofthelastwhorl.Dorsalpartofshellremoved,ventral
partobservedanddrawnbytransparency.Notelargesinglepilescrowningeachfolium.Radialpassage
bykeepingopenradialfurrowbetweenneighbouringpileswhencoveredbysubsequentwhorl.
CONCLUSION
5.
P. roestae, as described above, shows general similarities, Thedifferenceinchamberarrangementonthedorsalsideof
namely1.atrochospirallycoiled,chamberedshellofsmallsize, the shell, involute in Praestorrsella and evolute in all other
2.indicationsofplastogamicreproductionbyitsventral,radial, generaofthefamilyGlabratellidaejustifiesthemaintenanceof
ornamentational grooves independant of or in addition to the particular genus Praestorrsella with its type species P.
suturalpositions,3.dense,heavyornamentationonthedorsal roestae. Accordingly, the stratigraphic ränge ofthe family is
side,exceptionalforshellsofsuchsmallsize,and4.thegroup extendedbyitsfirstappearancealreadyintheLateCretaceous
ofpilesfillingthenarrowumbilicalspace,withrepresentative Campanian stage (compare Loeblich & Tappan 1987, De-
genera of the family Glabratellidae. In addition, there is a crouez1989).Astothehistoryofplastogamicreproduction,
striking similarity of the internal morphology of the shell Praestorrsella apparently narrows the time gap between
berweenP. roestaeandatleastonespeciesofDiscorbinoides. possibleEarlyCretaceoustrocholinidplastogamontsandthe
Therefore,thegenusPraestorrsellaGowda,1978istransferred EarlyTertiaryones.
here from the rotaliid subfamily Rotaliinae to the family
Glabratellidae.
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