Practical Textbook of Cardiac CT and MRI PDF
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Tae-Hwan Lim Editor Practical Textbook of Cardiac CT and MRI 123 Practical Textbook of Cardiac CT and MRI Tae-Hwan Lim Editor Practical Textbook of Cardiac CT and MRI Editor Tae-Hwan Lim Department of Radiology ASAN Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea Additional material to this book can be downloaded from h ttp://extras.springer.com ISBN 978-3-642-36396-2 ISBN 978-3-642-36397-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-36397-9 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014959420 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) I dedicate this book to my great teachers My father, Jae Keun Lim, MD, PhD My teacher and professor, Man Chung Han, MD, PhD And my mentor, Charles B. Higgins, MD Pref ace A long with technological advancement, cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) have been extensively used over the past decade. Although coro- nary angiography has been recognized as a reference standard for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, coronary CT angiography has replaced angiography in many clinical scenarios. Compared to conventional echocardiography, cardiac CT may provide additional anatomic information to diagnose structural heart diseases. With tissue characterization and quantitative evaluation of cardiac function, CMR has provided unique information for the diagnosis of various cardiac diseases. Newer generations of cardiac CTs with wider z-axis coverage and faster temporal resolution have facilitated the diagnosis of congenital heart disease and the evaluation of coronary stents and myocardial perfusion with an acceptable radiation dose. Recently introduced myocardial mapping techniques by CMR have helped to elucidate the pathophysiology of various myocardial diseases. With the technological advancement of hard- ware and software, clinical applications of cardiac CT and CMR will be dramatically expanded in the near future. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that radiologists and other imaging specialists should familiarize themselves with imaging techniques, pathophysiology, and imaging fi ndings of various cardiac diseases. T his case-oriented textbook is written to meet the needs of residents, radiologists, and clini- cians who want to learn the imaging fi ndings of various cardiac diseases on cardiac CT and CMR. The basic anatomy of the heart, imaging fi ndings of various cardiac diseases, and recent techniques of CT and CMR are thoroughly reviewed. This book contains many intriguing images showing the typical appearance of cardiac diseases. In particular, readers can scan QR codes for real-time online demonstration of cine imaging for the functional evaluation. CT images will also be offered online. We hope this textbook to be a companion of the reading room so the readers can fi nd various images quickly and easily in their everyday clinical practice. A fter the foundation of the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASCI) in 2006, many Korean radiologists have devoted themselves to establishing ASCI as a leading cardiac imaging society in Asia. The Korean Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (KOSCI) has been acknowledged as a representative cardiovascular imaging society both at home and abroad. As a founding president of ASCI and a former president of KOSCI, I am deeply honored to invite many qualifi ed scholars from ASCI and KOSCI as co-authors for this book, including Professor Hajime Sakuma and Yeon Hyeon Choe. I would also like to appreciate Sang Il Choi, Dong Hyun Yang, Jeong A. Kim, Hyun Jung Koo, and Mi Sun Chung for their unreserved editorial assistance. Last, but not least, my very sincere appreciation and love goes to my wife Mi Ran, son Yang Kyu, and daughter Hye Yun for their lifelong endurance and support throughout my professional career. Seoul, Republic of Korea Tae-Hwan Lim vii Contents Part I Coronary Artery Imaging 1 Normal Cardiac Anatomy and Anatomic Pitfall/Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Jung Im Jung 2 Coronary Anatomy and Anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Bae Young Lee 3 Cardiac Imaging to Guide Electrophysiologic Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sung Ho Hwang and Dong Hyun Yang 4 Calcium Scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Jongmin Lee 5 Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Hyun Ju Seon and Yun-Hyeon Kim 6 Plaque Morphology Evaluation by CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Jin Hur and Byoung Wook Choi 7 MR Coronary Angiography: Real-Word Practice of Coronary MR Angiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Yeonyee E. Yoon and Hajime Sakuma 8 Imaging of Coronary Revascularization: Stent and CABG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Dong Hyun Yang and Byoung Wook Choi 9 Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Eun-Ah Park and Whal Lee Part II Ischemic Heart Disease 10 Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia Using Perfusion Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Joon-Won Kang and Sung Min Ko 11 Acute Myocardial Infarction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Jeong A. Kim, Sang Il Choi, and Tae-Hwan Lim 12 Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Ki Seok Choo and Yeon Hyeon Choe Part III Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy 13 Dilated Cardiomyopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Eun Young Kim and Yeon Hyeon Choe ix
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