Practical Power Electronics. Applications, Experiments and Animations

111 Pages·2015·5.925 MB·English

by  Mustafa Husain

PRACTICAL POWER ELECTRONICS
APPLICATIONS, EXPERIMENTS AND ANIMATIONS

MUSTAFA HUSAIN
Copyright © 2015 by Mustafa Husain.

ISBN: Hardcover 978-1-4828-5464-0
Softcover 978-1-4828-5463-3
eBook 978-1-4828-5465-7

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission
of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

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www.partridgepublishing.com/singapore
CONTENTS
Preface
PART I
THEORY
1 Introduction
1.0 Objectives
1.1 History of Power Electronics
1.2 Classification of Power Electronics
1.3 Converters
1.4 Applications
2 Devices
2.0 Introduction
2.1 PN-Junction Diode
2.2 Thyristors
2.2.0 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
2.2.1 Gate Turn Off (GTO)
2.2.2 Triode AC (TRIAC)
2.2.3 Light-Activated Devices
2.2.4 Thyristor Firing and Protection Circuits
2.2.5 Unijunction Transistor (UJT)
2.2.6 Diode AC (DIAC)
2.2.7 Protection Against di/dt and dv/dt
2.3 Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)
2.3.0 NPN Transistor
2.3.1 Darlington Transistor
2.4 MOSFET
2.5 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
3 Diode Rectifiers
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Half-Wave Rectifier
3.2 Full-Wave Rectifier
4 Thyristor Rectifiers
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Half-Wave Rectifier
4.2 Full-Wave Rectifier
5 Inverters
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Applications Of Inverters
5.2 Half-Bridge Inverter
5.3 Bridge Inverter
5.4 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
6 Choppers
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Step-Down Chopper
6.2 Step-Up Chopper
6.3 Step Up/Down Chopper
7 Single-Phase Voltage Regulators
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Phase-Angle Control
7.2 On-Off Control
7.3 Commercial Application
8 Understanding Data Sheets
8.0 Introduction
8.1 The Diode
8.2 The Thyristor
8.3 The BJT
8.4 The MOSFET
8.5 The IGBT
Part II Experiments
Experiment 1 Testing of Power Electronic Devices
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Equipment
1.2 Discussion
1.3 Testing of Semiconductor Switches
1.3.1 Diode
1.3.2 SCR
Experiment 2 Characteristics of PN-Junction Diode
2.0 Objectives
2.1 Equipment
2.2 Discussion
2.3 Experiment
2.3.0 Forward Bias
2.3.1 Reverse Bias
Experiment 3 Uncontrolled AC-DC Converter
3.0 Objectives
3.1 Equipment
3.2 Discussion
3.3 Experiment
3.3.0 Half-Wave Rectifier
3.3.1 Full-Wave Rectifier Using Discrete Diodes
3.3.2 Full-Wave Rectifier Using Bridge Rectifier Chip
Experiment 4 Controlled AC-DC Converter
4.0 Objectives
4.1 Equipment
4.2 Discussion
4.3 Experiment
Experiment 5 DC-DC Converter
5.0 Objectives
5.1 Equipment
5.2 Discussion
5.3 Experiment
5.3.0 Step-Down Chopper
Experiment 6 AC-AC Converter
6.0 Objectives
6.1 Equipment
6.2 Discussion
6.3 Experiment
6.3.0 Phase-Angle Control Method
6.3.1 On-Off Control Method

DATA SHEETS
In memory of late Elbaz Ayad
Work. Finish. Publish.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
PREFACE
Why another book on power electronics? It is not just another book. Most of the published
books in this area focus on the design aspects and they are full of mathematics that
distracts the learners from understanding the operating principles which practicing
engineers and technicians need in their daily jobs. Moreover, when it comes to
experiments, the available books are scarce.
We know of many electrical engineering graduates who passed a power electronics
course but, when they joined the industry, they saw a big gap between what was taught
and what knowledge and skills the industry needs. For instance in a power electronics
course, all graduates should know the symbol, operation and applications of the thyristor.
But many of them might not touch or see the physical appearance of the thyristor nor
might they see industrial applications of the thyristor. This would be quite a shock if these
graduates caught jobs that happen to involve the operation and maintenance of thyristors
in big systems. How can we prepare learners for such jobs?
This book aims to be the first step in narrowing the gap between academia and industry.
It is an organized collection of useful notes that we have used for 15 years to teach the
basics of power electronics theoretically and practically. We let our students touch and feel
power electronics. We do practical demonstrations and we dismantle appliances and
panels to show them the physical appearances of devices and controllers that work
together to form a power electronics converter. We have different shapes and sizes of
devices and converters manufactured by a variety of global designers. In addition, we
organize industrial visits to see the applications and operation of power electronics.
Instructors are strongly advised to carry with them power electronic devices and show
them to their classes and also to give their students the opportunity to touch and feel the
devices.
It is wise to keep these notes in a book and it is a pleasure to share them with interested
instructors and professionals worldwide. Being concise, it aims to explain the basic
operating principles briefly and to present some applications of power electronics without
deep explanation.
The book is divided into two parts; theoretical and experimental. The first part consists
of eight chapters covering the operation of devices and circuits. The basic converters are
ac-dc, ac-ac, dc-ac and dc-dc converters. Some applications of these converters are listed
and some are briefly explained. The second part has six experiments that will help the
learner have the feeling of power electronics and to understand the concepts practically.
Included also is the employment of microcontrollers to provide simple control of
converters.
To assist the learner further, photos of power electronic devices and circuits of some
gadgets and appliances that we use daily are included. The text is enriched with simple
diagrams. For easier and quicker understanding, some concepts were animated. The
animations are available on EduMation.Org, a website dedicated for educational
animations. The animations may also be found on the EduMation channel on YouTube.
Data sheets of power electronic devices are attached at the end of the book.