Practical Guide to the Care of the Medical Patient, 8th Edition: Expert Consult: Online and Print PDF
Preview Practical Guide to the Care of the Medical Patient, 8th Edition: Expert Consult: Online and Print
Practical Guide to the Care of the Medical Patient Eighth Edition FRED F. FERRI, MD, FACP Clinical Professor Alpert Medical School at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Author contact for comments about the book: [email protected] 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE CARE OF THE MEDICAL PATIENT ISBN: 978-0-323-07158-1 Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1991, 1987 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804 (US) or (+44) 1865 843830 (UK); fax: (+44) 1865 853333; e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at http://www.elsevier.com/permissions. Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editor assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ferri, Fred F. Practical guide to the care of the medical patient.—8th ed. / Fred F. Ferri. p. ; cm.—(Practical guide series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-07158-1 1. Internal medicine—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Diagnosis—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. II. Series: Practical guide series (Philadelphia, Pa) [DNLM: 1. Clinical Medicine—Handbooks. 2. Diagnosis, Differential—Handbooks. 3. Laboratory Techniques and Procedures—Handbooks. WB 39 F388p 2011] RC55.P84 2011 616—dc22 2010007359 Acquisitions Editor: James Merritt Developmental Editor: Andrea Vosburgh Publishing Services Manager: Linda Van Pelt Project Manager: Sharon Lee Design Direction: Lou Forgione Working together to grow libraries in developing countries Printed in China www.elsevier.com|www.bookaid.org|www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors The author wishes to acknowledge the following physicians who have contributed to this book and to several editions of Ferri’s Clinical Advisor. Sonya S. Abdel-Razeq, MD Michelle Stozek Anvar, MD Clinical Assistant Instructor Clinical Instructor Department of Obstetrics and Division of General Internal Medicine Gynecology/Resident Education Rhode Island Hospital State University of New York at Buffalo Clinical Instructor Women’s and Children’s Hospital Alpert Medical School Buffalo, New York Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Tanya Ali, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Etsuko Aoki, MD, PhD Department of Medicine Department of Hematology Alpert Medical School Nagoya Medical Center Brown University Nagoya, Japan Providence, Rhode Island Vasanthi Arumugam, MD Philip J. Aliotta, MD, MSHA, FACS Assistant Professor Clinical Instructor Department of Medicine Department of Urology Mount Sinai School of Medicine School of Medicine and Biomedical New York, New York; Sciences Attending Physician State University of New York at Buffalo Division of Infectious Diseases Buffalo, New York Department of Medicine Medical Director Elmhurst Hospital Center Center for Urologic Research of Elmhurst, New York Western New York Williamsville, New York Sudeep Kaur Aulakh, MD, CM, FRCPC Associate Professor of Medicine George O. Alonso, MD Albany Medical College Director Albany, New York Department of Infection Control Elmhurst Hospital Center Michael Benatar, MBCHB, DPhi Elmhurst, New York Assistant Professor of Neurology Instructor in Medicine Department of Neurology Mount Sinai School of Medicine Emory University New York, New York Atlanta, Georgia Ruben Alvero, MD Sheenagh M. Bodkin, MD Associate Professor Internal Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology The Center for Women’s Health University of Colorado Health Sciences Providence, Rhode Island Center Lynn Bowlby, MD Aurora, Colorado Attending Physician Srividya Anandan, MD Division of General Internal Medicine Attending Physician Rhode Island Hospital Internal Medicine Clinical Instructor of Medicine Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates Alpert Medical School Quincy, Massachusetts Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Mel L. Anderson, MD, FACP Assistant Professor of Medicine Joanna Brown, MD University of Colorado School of Medicine Fellow Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center Adolescent/Young Adult Program Denver, Colorado Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts vi Contributors Jonathan Burns, MA, MD Mark J. Fagan, MD Assistant Clinical Instructor Director Department of Family Medicine Medical Primary Care Unit Alpert Medical School Rhode Island Hospital Brown University Associate Professor of Medicine Providence, Rhode Island Alpert Medical School Brown University Gaurav Choudhary, MD Providence, Rhode Island Assistant Professor of Medicine Alpert Medical School Gil M. Farkash, MD Brown University Assistant Clinical Professor Providence, Rhode Island State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine Maria A. Corigliano, MD, FACOG Buffalo, New York Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics and Timothy W. Farrell, MD Gynecology Clinical Assistant Instructor State University of New York at Buffalo Department of Family Medicine Buffalo, New York Alpert Medical School Brown University John E. Croom, MD, PhD Providence, Rhode Island Co-Director Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Christopher A. Ferri, MS Saint Luke’s Mid America Brain and University of New England Stroke Institute College of Osteopathic Medicine Neurological Consultants of Kansas Biddeford, Maine City, Inc. Kansas City, Missouri Vito F. Ferri, DO University of New England George T. Danakas, MD, FACOG College of Osteopathic Medicine Clinical Assistant Professor Biddeford, Maine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tamara G. Fong, MD, PhD State University of New York at Buffalo Instructor in Neurology Buffalo, New York Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Alexandra Degenhardt, MD Boston, Massachusetts Director Multiple Sclerosis Center Glenn G. Fort, MD, MPH, FACP, New York Methodist Hospital FIDSA Brooklyn, New York Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Joseph A. Diaz, MD Alpert Medical School Assistant Professor of Medicine Brown University Division of General Internal Medicine Chief Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island Infectious Diseases Alpert Medical School Our Lady of Fatima Hospital Brown University North Providence, Rhode Island Providence, Rhode Island Genna Gekht, MD Christine M. Duffy, MD, MPH Chief Resident in Neurology Fellow Department of Neurology Center for Gerontology and Health Care Emory University Research Atlanta, Georgia Alpert Medical School Brown University Paul F. George, MD Providence, Rhode Island Assistant Clinical Instructor Department of Family Medicine Jane V. Eason, MD Alpert Medical School Attending Physician Brown University Division of Infectious Diseases Pawtucket, Rhode Island Elmhurst Hospital Center Elmhurst, New York Instructor in Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York Contributors vii David R. Gifford, MD, MPH Christine Healy, DO Assistant Physician Assistant Clinical Instructor Division of Geriatrics Department of Family Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Brown Medical School Assistant Professor of Community Providence, Rhode Island Health and Medicine Alpert Medical School Jennifer Roh Hur, MD Brown University Assistant Professor of Clinical Providence, Rhode Island Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Cindy Gleit, MD Indianapolis, Indiana Assistant Clinical Instructor Department of Family Medicine Richard S. Isaacson, MD Alpert Medical School Resident in Neurology Brown University Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Providence, Rhode Island Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Rebecca A. Griffith, MD Attending Physician Jennifer Jeremiah, MD Department of Medicine Clinical Associate Professor of Morristown Memorial Hospital Medicine Morristown, New Jersey Alpert Medical School Brown University Joseph F. Grillo, MD Providence, Rhode Island Fellow Department of Infectious Diseases Michael P. Johnson, MD Roger Williams Medical Center Staff Physician Providence, Rhode Island Division of General Internal Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Michele Halpern, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Attending Physician Alpert Medical School Division of Infectious Diseases Brown University Sound Shore Medical Center of Providence, Rhode Island Westchester New Rochelle, New York Powel H. Kazanjian, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Professor and Chief New York Medical College Division of Infectious Disease Valhalla, New York Director of HIV Program University of Michigan Medical Center Mustafa A. Hammad, MD Professor of Internal Medicine Clinical Neurophysiology Fellow University of Michigan Medical School Department of Neurology Ann Arbor, Michigan Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Joseph J. Lieber, MD Associate Director of Medicine Sajeev Handa, MD Chief Director Medical Consultation Service Division of Hospitalist Medicine Elmhurst Hospital Center Rhode Island Hospital Clinical Associate Professor of Clinical Instructor of Medicine Medicine Alpert Medical School Mount Sinai School of Medicine Brown University New York, New York Providence, Rhode Island Mara Linscott, MD Alex Harrison, MD Department of Medicine Cardiology Fellow Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Division of Cardiology Island University of California, Irvine Providence, Rhode Island UCI Medical Center Orange, California Zeena Lobo, MD Attending Physician Taylor Harrison, MD Division of Infectious Diseases Assistant Professor of Neurology Elmhurst Medical Center Department of Neurology Elmhurst, New York Emory University Atlanta, Georgia viii Contributors Michael Maher, MD Melissa Nothnagle, MD Assistant Professor of Internal Assistant Professor of Family Medicine Medicine Alpert Medical School Alpert Medical School Brown University Brown University Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Providence, Rhode Island Gail M. O’Brien, MD Achraf A. Makki, MD, MSC Medical Director Resident Adult Ambulatory Services Department of Neurology Rhode Island Hospital Emory University Clinical Associate Professor of Atlanta, Georgia Medicine Alpert Medical School Joseph R. Masci, MD Brown University Director of Medicine Providence, Rhode Island Elmhurst Hospital Center Professor of Medicine Carolyn J. O’Connor, MD Mount Sinai School of Medicine Assistant Clinical Professor Elmhurst, New York Yale University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Daniel T. Mattson, MD, MSC (Med) St. Mary’s Hospital St. Louis Neurological Institute Waterbury, Connecticut St. Louis, Missouri Steven M. Opal, MD Kelly A. McGarry, MD Professor of Medicine Associate Program Director Infectious Disease Division General Internal Medicine Residency Alpert Medical School Program Brown University Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Assistant Professor of Medicine Alpert Medical School Mina B. Pantcheva, MD Brown University Internal Medicine Providence, Rhode Island Roger Williams Medical Center Providence, Rhode Island Lynn McNicoll, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Pranav M. Patel, MD Alpert Medical School Assistant Professor of Medicine Brown University Division of Cardiology Geriatrician University of California Division of Geriatrics UCI Medical Center Rhode Island Hospital Orange, California Providence, Rhode Island Peter Petropoulos, MD, FACC Lonnie R. Mercier, MD Clinical Assistant Professor Clinical Instructor Alpert Medical School Department of Orthopedic Surgery Brown University Creighton University School of Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Providence, Rhode Island Omaha, Nebraska Paul A. Pirraglia, MD, MPH Dennis J. Mikolich, MD, FACP, FCCP Assistant Professor of Medicine Chief Alpert Medical School Division of Infectious Diseases Brown University VA Medical Center; Rhode Island Hospital Clinical Associate Professor of Providence, Rhode Island Medicine Alpert Medical School Sharon S. Hartman Polensek, MD, Brown University PhD Providence, Rhode Island Clinical Associate Department of Neurology Takuma Nemoto, MD Emory University Research Associate Professor of Atlanta, Georgia Surgery State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York Contributors ix Maurice Policar, MD Sean I. Savitz, MD Chief of Infectious Diseases Assistant Professor of Neurology Elmhurst Hospital Center University of Texas Elmhurst, New York; Houston, Texas Assistant Professor of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Jack L. Schwartzwald, MD New York, New York Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Arundathi G. Prasad, MD Rhode Island Hospital Clinical Instructor Providence, Rhode Island Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Resident Education Harvey M. Shanies, MD, PhD State University of New York at Buffalo Director of Critical Care Medicine Women’s and Children’s Hospital Vassar Brothers Medical Center Buffalo, New York Poughkeepsie, New York Kittichai Promrat, MD Deborah L. Shapiro, MD Assistant Professor Chief Division of Gastroenterology Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine Elmhurst Hospital Center Alpert Medical School Elmhurst, New York Brown University Clinical Assistant Professor of Chief Medicine Gastroenterology Section Mount Sinai School of Medicine Providence Veterans Affairs Medical New York, New York Center Grace Shih, MD Providence, Rhode Island Assistant Clinical Instructor John Ragsdale, MD Department of Family Medicine Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Alpert Medical School Medicine Brown University Alpert Medical School Providence, Rhode Island Brown University Joanne M. Silvia, MD Providence, Rhode Island Assistant Clinical Instructor Chaitanya V. Reddy, DO Department of Family Medicine Assistant Clinical Instructor Alpert Medical School Department of Family Medicine Brown University Alpert Medical School Providence, Rhode Island Brown University U. Shivraj Sohur, MD, PhD Providence, Rhode Island Assistant Professor of Neurology Harlan G. Rich, MD Harvard Medical School Director of Endoscopy Boston, Massachusetts Rhode Island Hospital Dominick Tammaro, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Associate Director Alpert Medical School Categorical Internal Medicine Brown University Residency Providence, Rhode Island Co-Director Hemant K. Satpathy, MD Medicine-Pediatrics Residency Assistant Professor Division of General Internal Medicine Department of Family Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Chief Resident Associate Professor of Medicine Department of OB/GYN Alpert Medical School Creighton University Medical Center Brown University Omaha, Nebraska Providence, Rhode Island Ruby Satpathy, MD Iris Tong, MD Fellow, Cardiology Assistant Professor Department of Internal Medicine Department of Medicine Creighton University Warren Alpert Medical School Omaha, Nebraska Brown University Women and Infants Hospital Providence, Rhode Island x Contributors Margaret Tryforos, MD Dennis M. Weppner, MD, FACOG Clinical Assistant Professor Associate Professor of Clinical Department of Family Medicine Gynecology/Obstetrics Alpert Medical School State University of New York at Buffalo Brown University Clinical Chief Providence, Rhode Island Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics Millard Fillmore Hospital Eroboghene E. Ubogu, MBBS(Hons) Buffalo, New York Assistant Professor of Neurology Case Western Reserve University Wen-Chih Wu, MD School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine Staff Neurologist Alpert Medical School Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Brown University Medical Center Cardiologist Cleveland, Ohio Providence VA Medical Center Providence, Rhode Island Tom J. Wachtel, MD Physician-in-Charge Beth J. Wutz, MD Division of Geriatrics Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital Division of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics Professor of Community Health and Kajeida Health–Buffalo General Hospital Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Alpert Medical School Buffalo, New York Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Cindy Zadikoff, MD, FRCPC Assistant Professor of Neurology Tara M. Wayt, DO Parkinson’s Disease and Movement University of New England Disorders Center College of Osteopathic Medicine Davee Department of Neurology and Biddeford, Maine Clinical Neurological Sciences Feinberg School of Medicine Marc S. Weinberg, MD, FACP Northwestern University Clinical Professor of Medicine Chicago, Illinois Boston University School of Medicine Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Scott J. Zuccala, DO, FACOG Alpert Medical School; Staff Physician Chief of Nephrology Mercy Hospital of Buffalo Roger Williams Medical Center Buffalo, New York Providence, Rhode Isalnd Preface This manual is a concise reference for the busy clinician in need of immediate medical information. Its purpose is to provide a fast and efficient way to iden- tify important clinical, laboratory, and diagnostic imaging information. To limit its size to a pocket reference, less emphasis has been placed on pathophysiology and epidemiology, with more emphasis on practical clinical information. Clinical algorithms and tables have been used extensively through- out the manual to simplify difficult topics and to enhance recollection of prin- cipal points. It is hoped that its concise style will help the reader, particularly during an active clinical service, when time to read is extremely limited. For the 8th edition we have added color images to most of the medical disorders online to facilitate identification and understanding of these illnesses and help with Board preparation. The combination of practical clinical information with drug therapeutics, procedures, diagnostic imaging, and laboratory medicine makes this manual unique and useful, not only to medical residents and students, but also to practicing physicians and allied health professionals. I wish to thank the many thousands of physicians who have made the prior editions a best-seller in medical publishing and hope that future users will find this edition the most useful medical handbook that they will ever purchase during their training. Fred F. Ferri, MD, FACP Pearls of Wisdom in Medicine 1. Common things occur commonly. 2. When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras. 3. Place your bets on uncommon manifestations of common conditions, rather than common manifestations of uncommon conditions. 4. If what you are doing is working, keep on doing it. 5. If what you are doing is not working, stop doing it. 6. If you don’t know what to do, don’t do anything. 7. Above all, never let a surgeon get your patient. From Matz R: Principles of Medicine, NY State J Med 77:99-101, 1977
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