Practical electronics handbook PDF
Preview Practical electronics handbook
P E RACTICAL LECTRONICS H ANDBOOK P E RACTICAL LECTRONICS H ANDBOOK S E IXTH DITION I R. S J D AN INCLAIR AND OHN UNTON AMSTERDAM•BOSTON(cid:127)HEIDELBERG(cid:127)LONDON(cid:127)NEWYORK OXFORD(cid:127)PARIS(cid:127)SANDIEGO(cid:127)SANFRANCISCO SINGAPORE(cid:127)SYDNEY(cid:127)TOKYO NewnesisanimprintofElsevier NewnesisanimprintofElsevier LinacreHouse,JordanHill,Oxford,OX28DP 30CorporateDrive,Burlington,MA01803 Firstedition1980 Reprinted1982,1983(withrevisions),1987 Secondedition1988 Reprinted1990 Thirdedition1992 Fourthedition1994 Reprinted1997,1998,1999 Fifthedition2000 Reprinted2001 Sixthedition2007 Copyright©1980,1988,1992,1994,2000,2007,IanR.SinclairandJohnDunton.PublishedbyElsevierLtd. Allrightsreserved TherightofIanR.SinclairandJohnDuntontobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedin accordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorby anymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionof thepublisher PermissionmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford, UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:[email protected] youcansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, andselectingObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterof productsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions orideascontainedinthematerialherein.Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular, independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress CoverphotobyThomasScarborough,reproducedbypermissionofEverydayPracticalElectronics.www.epemag.co.uk ISBN13:978-0-75-068071-4 ISBN10:0-75-068071-7 ForinformationonallNewnespublicationsvisitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com TypesetbyCephaLtd PrintedandboundinGreatBritain 07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents v C ONTENTS Preface xiii Introduction:MathematicalConventions xv CHAPTER1 Resistors 1 Passivecomponents 1 Resistors 2 Resistivity 3 Resistivitycalculations 4 Resistorconstruction 7 TolerancesandE-series 9 Resistancevaluecoding 10 Surfacemountedresistors 13 Resistorcharacteristics 13 Dissipationandtemperaturerise 17 Variablesandlaws 18 Resistorsincircuit 19 Kirchoff’slaws 20 Thesuperpositiontheorem 21 Thevenin’stheorem 23 Thermistors 24 Variationofresistancewithtemperature 26 CHAPTER2 Capacitors 29 Capacitance 29 Theparallel-platecapacitor 29 Construction 31 Othercapacitorcharacteristics 36 Energyandchargestorage 39 Timeconstants 39 Reactance 43 CRcircuits 45 CHAPTER3 InductiveandTunedCircuitComponents 47 Inductors 47 Transformers 51 vi Contents Signal-matchingtransformers 54 Mainstransformers 57 Othertransformertypes 61 Surface-mountedinductors 62 Inductancecalculations 64 Untunedtransformers 67 Inductivereactance 68 LCRcircuits 68 Coupledtunedcircuits 73 Quartzcrystals 76 Temperatureeffects 79 Wavefilters 79 CHAPTER4 ChemicalCellsandBatteries 83 Introduction 83 Primaryandsecondarycells 84 Batteryconnections 85 Simplecell 87 TheLeclanchécell 89 Thealkalineprimarycells 92 Miniature(button)cells 94 Lithiumcells 95 Secondarycells 99 Nickel–cadmiumcells 104 Lithium-ionrechargeablecells 107 CHAPTER5 ActiveDiscreteComponents 111 Diodes 111 Varactordiodes 115 Schottkydiodes 116 LEDs 116 Photodiodes 117 Transientvoltagesuppressors(TVS) 120 Typicaldiodecircuits 122 Transistors 122 Biasforlinearamplifiers 128 Transistorparametersandlinear amplifiergain 132 Transistorpackaging 136 Noise 137 Voltagegain 137 Contents vii Otherbipolartransistortypes 138 Darlingtonpaircircuit 139 Field-effecttransistors 139 FEThandlingproblems 143 Negativefeedback 144 Heatsinks 148 Switchingcircuits 150 Otherswitchingdevices 154 Diodeandtransistorcoding 160 CHAPTER6 LinearICs 163 Overview 163 The741op-amp 165 Gainandbandwidth 165 Offset 166 Biasmethods 167 Basiccircuits 168 Generalnotesonop-ampcircuits 171 Modernop-amps 172 Otheroperationalamplifiercircuits 173 Currentdifferencingamplifiers 176 OtherlinearamplifierICs 176 Phase-lockedloops 180 Waveformgenerators 183 Activeandswitchedcapacitorfilters 185 VoltageregulatorICs 189 Adjustableregulatorcircuits 191 The555timer 193 CHAPTER7 FamiliarLinearCircuits 197 Overview 197 Discretetransistorcircuits 197 Audiocircuits 202 Simpleactivefilters 204 Circuitsforaudiooutputstages 207 ClassDamplifiers 211 Widebandvoltageamplificationcircuits 214 Sinewaveandotheroscillatorcircuits 216 Othercrystaloscillators 217 Astable,monostableandbistablecircuits 223 Radio-frequencycircuits 226 Modulationcircuits 230 viii Contents Opticalcircuits 232 Linearpowersupplycircuits 233 Switch-modepowersupplies 236 CHAPTER8 SensorsandTransducers 243 Introduction 243 Strainandpressure 244 Directionandmotion 246 Light,UVandIRradiation 251 Temperature 255 Sound 260 CHAPTER9 DigitalLogic 265 Introduction 265 Logicfamilies 269 Otherlogicfamilies 273 Combinationallogic 274 Numberbases 276 Sequentiallogic 277 Countersanddividers 283 CHAPTER10 ProgrammableDevices 289 Memory 289 Read-onlymemory(ROM) 290 Programmableread-onlymemory(PROM) 291 Volatilememory(RAM) 294 Programmablelogic 296 Complexprogrammablelogic devices(CPLD) 299 Fieldprogrammablegatearray(FPGA) 300 Hardwaredescriptionlanguage(HDL) 301 Otherprogrammabledevices 302 Otherapplicationsofmemorydevices 303 Usefulwebsites 305 CHAPTER11 MicroprocessorsandMicrocontrollers 307 Introduction 307 Binarystoredprogramcomputers 308 VonNeumannandHarvardarchitecture 311 Microprocessorsystems 314 Power-upresetandprogramexecution 317 Contents ix Programming 318 TheARMprocessor 320 Developingmicroprocessorhardware 322 Electromagneticcompatibility 325 Microcontrollermanufacturers 325 CHAPTER12 MicroprocessorInterfacing 327 Outputcircuits 327 Displaydevices 327 Light-emittingdiode(LED)displays 327 Liquidcrystaldisplays(LCDs) 332 Inputcircuits 338 Switches 338 CHAPTER13 DataConverters 343 Introduction 343 Digital-to-analogueconverters(DACs) 344 Digitalpotentiometer 345 Binaryweightedresistorconverter 345 TheR2Rladder 347 ChargedistributionDAC 348 Pulsewidthmodulator 349 Reconstructionfilter 350 Analogue-to-digitalconverters 351 Resolutionandquantization 352 Sampling 356 Aliasing 356 Successiveapproximation analogue-to-digitalconverter 358 Sigma–deltaADC(oversampling orbitstreamconverter) 360 Dual-slopeADC 361 Voltagereferencesforanalogue-to-digital converters 362 PCBlayout 363 ConnectingaserialADCtoaPC 363 Usefulwebsites 367 CHAPTER14 TransferringDigitalData 369 Introduction 369 Paralleltransfer 370 IEEE1284Centronicsprinterinterface 371
The list of books you might like
