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Practical Electrical Wiring PDF

532 Pages·1941·80.109 MB·English
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LIBRARY OF PRACTICAL EI.JECTRICITY • PRACTICAL ELECTRICAL WIRING Residential, Farm, and Industrial BASED ON THE 1940 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE BY H.P. RICHTER Member, International Association of Electrical Inspectors, American Society of Agricultural Engineers SECOND EDITION FOURTEENTH lMPHESSION McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, !Ne . . NEW YORK AND LONDON 1941 PRACTICAL ELECTRICAL WIRING COPYRIGHT, 1939, 1941, BY THE McGRAW-HILL BooK CoMPA.<'IY, INc. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publishers. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The immediate acceptance and wide popularity which fol lowed the publication of the first edition of this book have prompted me to prepare this second edition. Everything in the first edition has been retained, and some new material added. The entire volume has been reconciled with the new 1940 National Electrical Code, including the tables in the Appendix, so that the reader is assured that he is dealing with present-day methods and requirements . • H.P. RICHTER. CANTON, OHIO, February, 1941. v PREFA CE TO THE FIRST EDITION In preparing this book it has been the author's aim to make it simple enough for the beginner, yet complete enough so that it will be of value also to those already engaged in electrical work. It is intended to be, not a manual that merely recites the methods used in wiring buildings for the use of electricity, -but rather a book that explains the subject in such fashion that the reader will learn both the way things are done and why they are done in that particular way. Only in this manner can the student master the subject so that he can solve his own problems as they arise in actual practice, for no book can possibly cover all the different problems that are likely to arise. Since this book is not intended to include the subject of electrical engineering, only so many basic engineering data as are essential have been included, and these so far as possible have been boiled down to ABC proportions. All methods shown are in strict accordance with the ational Electrical Code, but no attempt has been made to include a detailed explanation of all subjects covered by the Code. The Code is written to include any and all cases that might arise in wiring every type of structure from the smallest cottage to the largest skyscraper; it covers ordinary wiring as well as those things that come up only very rarely. The scope of this book has been limited to the wiring of structures of limited size and at ordinary voltages, under 600 volts. Skyscrapers and steel mills and projects of similar size involve problems that the student will not meet until long after he has mastered the contents of this book. The book consists of three parts: Part 1 presents the fundamentals of electrical work; termi nology; basic principles; the theory behind general practices. vu viii PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION Part 2 deals with the actual wiring of residential buildings and farms. Part 3 covers the actual wiring ·of nonresidential buildings, such as stores, factories, schools, and similar structures. The author acknowledges with appreciation permission to quote from "The Science of Seeing" by Matthew Luckiesh and Frank K. Moss. Other books that he has found helpful are listed in the Bibliography appearing at the end of the text. H. P. RICHTER. 1£VANS'l'ON, lLr,., November, 1939. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION v PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION . Vll PART 1. THEORY AND BASIC PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 1. UNDERWRITERS AND CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. ELECTRICITY: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND MEASUREMENTS. 12 3. TYPES OF CURRENT; POWER FACTOR; TRANSFORMERS. 28 4. BAsic DEVICES AND CIRcurrs 48 5. 0VERCURRENT DEVICES . . 66 w 6. TYPES AND SIZES OF IRES 76 7. SELECTION OF PROPER WIRE SIZES 94 8. WIRE CONNECTIONS AND JOINTS 102 9. THEORY OF GROUNDING ... 116 10. OUTLET AND SWITCH BOXES . 123 11. DIFFERENT WIRING METHODS 138 12. BRANCH CIRCUITS AND SERVICE ENTRANCE. 165 13. ADEQUACY. . . 190 14. Goon LIGHTING 200 15. RESIDENTIAL AND FARM MO'l~ORS. 227 PART 2. ACTUAL WIRING: RESIDENTIAL AND FARM 16. PLANNING AN INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . 237 17. INS'l'ALLATION OF SERVICE ENTRANCE AND GROUND. 244 18. INSTALLATION OF SPECIFIC OUTLETS . . . . . . . 260 19. FINISHING: INSTALLATION OF Swl'l'CHES AND OTHER DEVICES 289 ix x CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 20. MJSCELl,ANEOUS WIRING 297 21. OLD w ORK. . 316 22. FARM WIRING 336 23. ISOLATED LIGHTING PLANTS 350 24. WIRING APARTMENT HOUSES. 357 25. CHANGES IN 1940 CODI!: WITH RESPECT TO WIRE 369 PART 3. ACTUAL WIRING: NONRESIDENTIAL PROJECTS 26. PLANNING NONRESIDENTIAL lNS'l'ALLATIONS 379 27. MisCEJ,LANEous PROBLEMS IN NoNRESIDEN'l'IAL WIRING. 402 28. NONRESIDENTIAL LIGHTING 413 29. WIRING FOR MOTORS . . 426 30. WIRING SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. 454 31. \VIRING OFFICES 463 32. WIRING STORES 466 33. WIRING MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPANCIES 472 APPENDIX (CODE TABLES). 481 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 513 INDEX 515

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