Practical Counselling & Helping Skills: Text and Activities for the Lifeskills Counselling Model

510 Pages·2005·1.6 MB·English

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practical
counselling and
helping skills
Nelson-Jones-Pchs-Prelims.qxd 1/18/2005 5:04 PM Page ii
Nelson-Jones-Pchs-Prelims.qxd 1/18/2005 5:04 PM Page iii
practical
counselling and
helping skills
text and activities for the
lifeskills counselling model
fifth edition
Richard Nelson-Jones
SAGE Publications
London ●Thousand Oaks ●New Delhi
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© Richard Nelson-Jones 2005
First published 2005
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research
or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted
under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this
publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted
in any form, or by any means, only with the prior
permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of
reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms
of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.
Inquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms
should be sent to the publishers.
SAGE Publications Ltd
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London EC1Y 1SP
SAGE Publications Inc.
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320
SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd
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Post Box 4109
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
ISBN 1 4129 0387 4
ISBN 1 4129 0388 2 (pbk)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2004093137
Typeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd., Chennai, India
Printed in India at Gopsons Papers Ltd, Noida
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contents
List of activities xii
Preface xiv
PART I
INTRODUCTION 1
1 What is counselling and helping? 3
Chapter outcomes 3
Counselling, psychotherapy and helping 4
What is counselling? 9
What is the lifeskills counselling approach? 11
2 Create communication skills and feelings 17
Chapter outcomes 17
What are lifeskills? 17
Creating communication and action skills 19
Feelings and physical reactions 25
3 Create mind skills 27
Chapter outcomes 27
The Situation–Thoughts–Consequences (STC) framework 27
What are mind skills? 28
Situation–Thoughts–Consequences revisited 43
4 The lifeskills counselling model 46
Chapter outcomes 46
Stages and phases of the lifeskills counselling model 48
Applying the model 63
PART II
THE RELATING STAGE 67
5 Pre-counselling contact 69
Chapter outcomes 69
Orientation of counselling service 69
Physical premises 72
Advertising a counselling service 73
Clients making initial contact 76
Arranging suitable support for trainees 76
Record-keeping 77
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vi Practical counselling and helping skills
6 Listening skills 80
Chapter outcomes 80
The counselling relationship 80
Active listening 81
Skill 1: Possess an attitude of respect and acceptance 85
Skill 2: Understand the client’s internal
frame of reference 89
Skill 3: Receive voice messages accurately 92
Skill 4: Receive body messages accurately 94
Skill 5: Give small rewards and ask
open-ended questions 98
7 Show understanding skills 101
Chapter outcomes 101
Showing understanding 101
Skill 6: Paraphrase 102
Skill 7: Reflect feelings 104
Skill 8: Use mind skills 111
Skill 9: Manage initial resistances 114
Skill 10: Show understanding of context and difference 117
Concluding comment 124
8 Start the counselling and helping process 126
Chapter outcomes 126
Goals for the initial counselling session 126
Starting initial sessions 128
Structuring skills 132
Basic summarizing skills 134
Starting the counselling and helping process 135
Contracting 137
Referral skills 139
Crisis counselling 141
PART III
THE UNDERSTANDING STAGE 147
9 Clarify problems skills 149
Chapter outcomes 149
Questioning skills 150
Challenging skills 160
Feedback skills 168
Self-disclosure skills 171
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10 Assess feelings and physical reactions 175
Chapter outcomes 175
Role of assessment 175
Why assess feelings and physical reactions? 177
Physical reactions 179
Dimensions of feelings 181
Skills for eliciting and assessing feelings and physical reactions 185
11 Assess thinking 193
Chapter outcomes 193
Skills for eliciting and assessing thinking 194
Form hypotheses about mind skills to improve 200
12 Assess communication and actions 204
Chapter outcomes 204
Skills for eliciting and assessing communication and actions 205
Form hypotheses about communication and action
skills to improve 207
13 Agree on a shared analysis of problems 210
Chapter outcomes 210
Introduction 210
Steps in shared analyses of problems 211
Some skills for agreeing on shared analyses
of problems 213
Ending initial sessions 220
PART IV
THE CHANGING STAGE 223
14 Plan interventions 225
Chapter outcomes 225
Interventions and plans 225
Choosing interventions 226
Planning interventions 235
Considerations in planning 238
Skills for working with clients 242
15 Deliver interventions 244
Chapter outcomes 244
The counsellor as trainer 244
Reconnect and catch-up skills 246
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Establishing session agenda skills 247
Speaking skills 248
Demonstrating skills 254
Coaching skills 260
16 Interventions for thinking – 1 265
Chapter outcomes 265
Attend to feelings 266
Creating rules 267
Creating perceptions 274
Creating self-talk 282
Creating visual images 285
17 Interventions for thinking – 2 290
Chapter outcomes 290
Creating explanations 290
Creating expectations 296
Creating realistic goals 302
Creating realistic decisions 305
Preventing and managing problems and
altering problematic skills 308
18 Interventions for communication and actions – 1 311
Chapter outcomes 311
Introduction 311
Develop monitoring skills 313
Raise awareness of vocal and bodily communication 318
Rehearse and role-play 320
Timetable activities 325
19 Interventions for communication and actions – 2 329
Chapter outcomes 329
Plan sub-goals and sequence graded tasks 329
Assist clients to use changing communication/action
skills experiments 332
Use activities and games 336
Assist clients to use self-reward skills 338
Use counsellor’s aides and help clients to obtain support 342
20 Interventions for feelings 346
Chapter outcomes 346
Introduction 346
Assist clients to experience feelings 347
Assist clients to express feelings 353
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Contents ix
Assist clients to manage feelings 357
Use of medication 364
21 Systematic desensitization 366
Chapter outcomes 366
Progressive muscular relaxation 366
Construct hierarchies 372
Present hierarchy items 373
Real-life desensitization 374
22 Negotiate homework 376
Chapter outcomes 376
Skills for negotiating homework 376
23 Conduct middle sessions 381
Chapter outcomes 381
Middle counselling sessions 381
Length, frequency and number of sessions 390
Monitoring and evaluating progress 392
24 End and client self-helping 393
Chapter outcomes 393
When should counselling end? 393
Formats for ending counselling 394
Consolidating skills when ending counselling 397
Further ending counselling tasks and skills 401
Client self-helping 403
PART V
FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS 407
25 Ethics in practice and training 409
Chapter outcomes 409
Ethical principles of counselling and helping 409
Ethical codes and guidelines 411
Ethical issues and dilemmas in counselling and
helping practice 413
Ethical issues and dilemmas in counselling and
helping training 419
Making decisions about ethical issues and dilemmas 425
26 Diversity-sensitive counselling and helping 429
Chapter outcomes 429
Some criticisms of traditional counselling approaches 430
Multicultural counselling and helping 431