Practical Art of Motion Picture Sound This page intentionally left blank Practical Art of Motion Picture Sound Fourth Edition David Lewis Yewdall, MPSE (cid:129) (cid:129) AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG (cid:129) (cid:129) LONDON NEWYORK OXFORD (cid:129) (cid:129) PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO (cid:129) (cid:129) SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO FocalPressisanimprintofElsevier FocalPressisanimprintofElsevier 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,Oxford,OX51GB,UK r2012ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangements withorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency, canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedical treatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.In usingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyof others,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproducts liability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Yewdall,DavidLewis,1950- Practicalartofmotionpicturesound/DavidLewisYewdall.–4thed. p.cm. Includesindex. ISBN978-0-240-81240-3(pbk.) 1.Televisionbroadcasting–Soundeffects.2.Soundmotionpictures.3.Television.I.Title. TK7881.4.Y482011 778.5’2344–dc22 2011010481 BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ForinformationonallFocalPresspublications visitourwebsiteatwww.elsevierdirect.com 1112131415 54321 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica To my wife, Lisa Her patience, hard work, and support made it possiblefor me to write this book—as wellas the three updated versions. As Ioften tell people, I didn’t marry ahuman being,I marriedanangel. God bless youand embracemy love forever. This book isalso dedicatedto Zach Serivers To my greatest studentand professional colleague. Lisa and Iare so proud of his accomplishmentsanda brilliantcareerto come. This page intentionally left blank Contents AMemorial toExcellence ix Chapter 1 The Empowerment of Sound 1 Chapter 2 Our Amateur Beginnings 7 Chapter 3 The Passing of a Tradition and Coming of Age 21 Chapter 4 Success or Failure: Beforethe Camera Even Rolls 27 Chapter 5 The Challenging Battlefield ofProduction 67 Chapter 6 From the Setto the Laboratory 119 Chapter 7 PictureEditorialand theUse of the Sound Medium 145 Chapter 8 Temp Dubsand TestScreenings: ACritical Objective View 177 Chapter 9 Spotting the Picture for Sound and Music 183 Chapter10 CustomRecording Sound Effects: The Real Fun and Adventure 191 Chapter11 The Sound Librarian: The Curatorof an Audio Empire 229 Chapter12 Sound Design:Myths and Realities 263 Chapter13 Sound Editorial: Sync-Sync,Chop-Chop 291 Chapter14 Sound Editorial: Ultra Low-Budget Strategies 333 Chapter15 DialogEditors: Hollywood’s Unsung Heroes 363 Chapter16 ADR and Looping: Getting theLips toFlap in Sync 383 Chapter17 Foley:The Artof Footsteps, Props, and ClothMovement 425 Chapter18 The Music Composer: Audio Collaboration or Mud and Destruction 465 Chapter19 The Rerecording Stage: Predubbing and theFinalMix 481 (cid:129) viii Contents Chapter 20 Production Sound: Four Digital Portable Sound Recorders 509 Chapter 21 The Venerable Nagra IV-S (Analog) 531 Chapter 22 Emerging Technologies: Sound Restoration and Colorization 561 Glossary 623 Index 639 DVDand Website Information A Memorial to Excellence Before we begin, I wish to remember these two gentlemen. Without question, John Bonner and John Mosely had the greatest influence on my personal education in the audio arts as well as the development of my own professional discipline to serve that art form. John Bonner worked within the studio environment, serving both studios and professionals alike, always placing thegood of the art form abovethe short-term and often artificial profit gain. John Mosely was the classic independent maverick, willing to lay his job and reputation on the line for what he believed in. When it came to his craft, he was unwavering anduncompromising, extremely inventive, andinnovative. From John Mosely I learned the physics and disciplines along with his personal theology on how the ideal presentation of sound should be. We did not always agree on the creative applications, but no one could dispute his expertise or mastery of audio engineering.