Power System Analysis & Design, SI Version, 5th ed.

850 Pages·2011·15.76 MB·English

by  J. Duncan Glover

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POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN
FIFTH EDITION, SI
J. DUNCAN GLOVER
FAILURE ELECTRICAL, LLC
MULUKUTLA S. SARMA
NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
THOMAS J. OVERBYE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
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FifthEdition,SI
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C O N T E N T S
Preface to the SI Edition xii
Preface xiii
List of Symbols, Units, and Notation xix
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
Case Study: The Future Beckons: Will the Electric Power
IndustryHeed theCall? 2
1.1 History of Electric Power Systems 10
1.2 Present and Future Trends 17
1.3 Electric UtilityIndustryStructure 21
1.4 Computers in Power System Engineering 22
1.5 PowerWorldSimulator 24
CHAPTER 2 Fundamentals 31
Case Study: Making Microgrids Work 32
2.1 Phasors 46
2.2 Instantaneous Powerin Single-Phase AC Circuits 47
2.3 Complex Power 53
2.4 Network Equations 58
2.5 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 60
2.6 Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 68
2.7 Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase Versus
Single-Phase Systems 74
CHAPTER 3 Power Transformers 90
Case Study: PJM Manages Aging Transformer Fleet 91
3.1 The IdealTransformer 96
3.2 EquivalentCircuits for Practical Transformers 102
3.3 The Per-Unit System 108
3.4 Three-Phase Transformer Connectionsand Phase Shift 116
3.5 Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of BalancedThree-Phase
Two-Winding Transformers 121
3.6 Three-Winding Transformers 126
3.7 Autotransformers 130
3.8 Transformers with O¤-Nominal Turns Ratios 131
vii
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4 Transmission Line Parameters 159
Case Study: Transmission Line Conductor Design Comes of Age 160
Case Study: Six Utilities Share Their Perspectives onInsulators 164
4.1 Transmission Line Design Considerations 169
4.2 Resistance 174
4.3 Conductance 177
4.4 Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 178
4.5 Inductance: Single-Phase Two-WireLine and Three-Phase
Three-Wire Linewith Equal Phase Spacing 183
4.6 Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing,
Bundled Conductors 185
4.7 Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors
and Earth Return 193
4.8 ElectricField and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 199
4.9 Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-WireLine and Three-Phase
Three-Wire Linewith Equal Phase Spacing 201
4.10 Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing,
Bundled Conductors 204
4.11 Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors
and Earth Return 207
4.12 ElectricFieldStrength at Conductor Surfaces
and at GroundLevel 212
4.13 ParallelCircuit Three-Phase Lines 215
CHAPTER 5 Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation 233
Case Study: The ABCsof HVDC TransmissionTechnologies 234
5.1 Medium and Short Line Approximations 248
5.2 Transmission-Line Di¤erentialEquations 254
5.3 Equivalent p Circuit 260
5.4 Lossless Lines 262
5.5 Maximum Power Flow 271
5.6 Line Loadability 273
5.7 ReactiveCompensation Techniques 277
CHAPTER 6 Power Flows 294
Case Study: Future Vision 295
Case Study: Characteristics of Wind Turbine Generators
for Wind PowerPlants 305
6.1 DirectSolutions to Linear Algebraic Equations:
Gauss Elimination 311
6.2 Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations:
Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel 315
6.3 Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations:
Newton–Raphson 321