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Power Graphics
Using Turbo Pascal®
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Power Graphics
Using Turbo Pascal®
Keith Weiskamp
Loren Heiny
Namir Shammas
a
WILEY
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New Yorl •Chichester• Brisbane• Toronto• SingaporL'
Publisher: Stephen Kippur
Editor: Katherine Schowalter
Managing Editor: Ruth Greif
Compositor: Loren Heiny
Turbo C, Turbo Pascal, and Quattro are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc.
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to
the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged
in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert
assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought.
FROM A DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE
OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS.
Copyright© 1989 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada.
Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by section 107
or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright
owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to
the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Weiskamp, Keith.
Power graphics using Turbo Pascal/ Keith Weiskamp, Loren Heiny, Namir
Shammas.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p.
ISBN 0-471-61841-1
1. Computer graphics. 2. Turbo Pascal (Computer program) I. Heiny, Loren.
I I. Shammas, Namir Clement, 1954- . III. Title.
T385.W46 1989
006.6'869--dc 19 89-30964
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
89 90 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
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Contents
Preface xi
Chapt1e rT heB GIQ uicTko ur 1
GettSitnagr t2e d
InititahlBeiG zIi2 n g
WrittihnBega sBiGcIP rogr3a m
ErrCohre cki4n g
WorkwiintgCh o ordin6a tes
DrawCionmgm ands 7
GettDionwgtn oP ixe7l s
DrawFiinggu r1e sO
FilFliignugr 1e3s
Texatn dF ont1s6
FracLtaanld sca1p8e s
Chapt2e rT heB GID rawiFnugn ctions 25
WorkwiintgPh i xe2l5s
Plotat iSnigPn igxlee2l 6
GeneDrraalw Cionmgm and2s6
DrawLiinnge 2s6
DrawiLninge sA bwsiotlChu otoer din2a7t es
DrawLiinngwe istR he laCtoiovred in2a8t es
SettaiL nign e S2t8y le
PredefLiinnPeead t te2r9n s
V
vi ..llll Power Graphics Using Turbo Pascal
Determining the Current Line Style 30
User-Defined Line Styles 31
Drawing Rectangles 31
Working with Polygons 32
Arcs, Circles, and Ellipses 33
Drawing Arcs 34
Arc Endpoints 34
Circles and Ellipses 35
Fundamentals of Animation 36
Filling Regions 39
Setting the Fill Pattern 42
User-Defined Fill Patterns 42
Getting the Fill Pattern 43
Experimenting with User-Defined Fill Patterns 44
Using the Arrow Keys 44
Working with Flood-Fills 51
Chapter 3 The BGI Fonts and Text 53
Text in Graphics Mode 53
The Bit-Mapped Font 54
The Four Stroke Fonts 54
The BGI Text Functions 55
Writing Text to the Screen 56
Writing Text to a Pixel Location 57
An Example of Text Display 57
How Turbo C Accesses Fonts 58
Selecting and Loading a Font 59
Errors in Loading a Font 60
Working with Text Justification 61
Determining the Current Text Settings 62
Determining the Character Dimensions 64
A Note about Vertical Character Dimensions 65
Magnifying Characters 65
Fitting Text Inside a Box 67
A Note on Clipping Text 71
Displaying Characters and Numbers 71
Extended Text Manipulation Routines 71
Graphics Version of write 72
Working with Text Input 74
Entering Numeric Values 75
Contents ..& vii
Chapter 4 Presentation Graphics 81
The Basic Graph Types 81
Getting Started 82
Pie Charts 82
Drawing a Slice 82
Labeling Pie Slices 84
Making Each Slice Different 86
Creating a Legend 86
Emphasizing a Slice 90
Creating Bar Graphs 93
Three-Dimensional Bar Graphs 100
Coin Graphs 101
Animated Graphs 103
Chapter 5 Graphics Techniques In Two Dimensions 107
Screen Coordinates 107
Working with Aspect Ratios 108
Screen and World Coordinates 109
Mapping between Coordinate Systems 109
Transformations 112
Translation 112
Scaling a Two-Dimensional Polygon 114
Rotating a Two-Dimensional Polygon 116
The Shear Transform 118
A Matrix Demo 125
Object Oriented Programming 126
Working with OOP 127
An Object-Oriented Utility 127
The Internal Object List 127
Adding an Object 129
Selecting an Object 130
Chapter 6 Animation 135
A Closer Look at lnbetweening 135
Animating a Line 136
Working with lnbetweening 137
Working with Getlmage and Putlmage 140
Animating Objects On a Backdrop 146
Animating Multiple Objects 151
Limitations of Getlmage and Putlmage 151
viii ..t Power Graphics Using Turbo Pascal
Animating Using the Palette 151
Using Multiple Screen Pages 157
Chapter 7 Creating Mouse Tools 159
Starting with the Mouse 159
Mouse Overview 160
Accessing the Mouse Driver 160
The Mouse Functions 162
Mouse Initialization 162
More Mouse Routines 165
The Mouse Cursor 165
The Default Mouse Cursor 166
Mouse Position 167
Mouse Buttons 168
Mouse in a Box 170
More Mouse Control 171
Adding Keyboard Input 172
Emulating a Mouse 172
The Emulated Mouse Cursor 173
Emulated Mouse Position 17 4
Emulated Mouse Buttons 17 4
Putting Your Mouse to the Test 189
Chapter 8 Working with Icons 191
Why Icons? 191
Representing Icons 192
Saving Icons 193
Reading an Icon File 194
The Interactive Editor 195
Creating the Screen 196
Creating an Enlarged Icon 197
Displaying the Original Icon 199
Interacting with the User 199
Toggling an Icon Pixel 200
Exiting the Icon Editor 201
Sample Icons 203
Chapter 9 Pop-up Windows in Graphics 211
The Basic Approach 211
Working with a Stack 213
Initializing the Windows Package 215
