Power electronic converters and systems : frontiers and applications

657 Pages·2015·33.38 MB·English

by  Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski

IET POWER AND ENERGYSERIES 74
Power Electronic
Converters and
Systems
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Volume13 StatisticalTechniquesforHighVoltageEngineeringW.HauschildandW.Mosch
Volume14 UninterruptiblePowerSuppliesJ.PlattsandJ.D.StAubyn(Editors)
Volume15 DigitalProtectionforPowerSystemsA.T.JohnsandS.K.Salman
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Volume74 PowerElectronicConvertersandSystems:Frontiersandapplications
AndrzejM.Trzynadlowski(Editor)
Volume76 PowerSystemStability:Modelling,analysisandcontrolB.OmP.Malik
Volume78 NumericalAnalysisofPowerSystemTransientsandDynamicsA.Ametani(Editor)
Volume79 Vehicle-to-Grid:LinkingelectricvehiclestothesmartgridJ.LuandJ.Hossain(Editors)
Volume905 Powersystemprotection,4volumes
Power Electronic
Converters and
Systems
Frontiers and applications
Edited by
Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski
The Institution ofEngineeringand Technology
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the high rate of progress in modern power electronics

Contents
Preface xvii
Part I Converters 1
1 Semiconductor power devices 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 High-voltage SiC power devices 4
1.2.1 Characterizationof 15 kVSiC N-IGBTs 4
1.2.2 Characterizationof 10 kVSiC MOSFETs 9
1.3 Low-voltage SiCdevices and its characteristics 11
1.3.1 Low-voltage gate drive design 11
1.3.2 Common-mode current minimization 12
1.4 Characterizationof 1,200 V,100 ASiC MOSFET 12
1.4.1 1,200 V,100 ASiCMOSFETdevice characterization
without complementary device of the half-bridge module 12
1.4.2 1,200 V,100 ASiCMOSFETdevice characterization
with complementary device of the half-bridge module 12
1.4.3 Hard-switching characterization of 1,700 VSiC
MOSFET[11] 14
1.4.4 Performance comparison of MOSFET and IGBT 16
1.4.5 Gate drive design and characterization of 1,200 V/45 A
infineon SiC JFETmodule [12] 23
1.4.6 SiC super-junction transistorcharacteristics 24
1.5 Zero voltage switching characterization of 12 kVSiC[14] 25
1.5.1 ZVSturn-on characteristics 26
1.5.2 ZVSturn-off characteristics 28
1.6 All SiC-based SST 34
1.7 Summary 39
Acknowledgements 41
References 41
2 Multilevel converters 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Basic concepts of multilevel converters 43
2.2.1 One-branch converter 44
2.2.2 Two branches, ‘‘H-bridge’’ converter 46
2.3 Electronic switches toimplement the converters 47
viii Power electronic convertersand systems
2.3.1 NPCconverter 47
2.3.2 FCconverter 49
2.3.3 CHBconverter 49
2.3.4 Combined topologies 53
2.4 Three-phase multilevel converters 54
2.4.1 Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral voltages 55
2.4.2 Space vector representation 56
2.5 Modulation strategies for multilevel converters 60
2.5.1 Voltage levels–based algorithms 61
2.5.2 Space vector–based algorithms 69
References 72
Further reading 73
3 Multi-input converters 75
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Realizing multi-input converter topologies 76
3.3 Multi-port converters 87
3.3.1 Synthesis of multi-port converters by extending
multi-input topologies 87
3.3.2 Multi-port converterswith dc link 89
3.3.3 Ac link multi-port power converters 92
3.4 Applicationsof multi-port power converters 97
3.4.1 Multi-port power converters for renewable energy systems 99
3.4.2 Applicationof multi-input converters in micro-grids 101
3.4.3 Multi-port convertersfor vehicular power systems 103
3.5 Summary 106
References 106
4 Modular converters 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Modular converter topologies and description 115
4.2.1 MMCCarrangementsand SMtopologies 116
4.2.2 Basic modular multilevel cascade converters 121
4.3 Control strategies 125
4.3.1 Voltage-balancingcontrol 125
4.3.2 Circulating current control 128
4.4 Modulation techniques 130
4.4.1 High switchingfrequency techniques 130
4.4.2 Low switching frequency techniques 132
4.5 Operational issuesin MMCCs 134
4.5.1 Fault-tolerant operation 134
4.5.2 Floating DC capacitor pre-charging procedures 136
4.6 Main applications 136
Acknowledgements 138
References 138
Contents ix
5 Matrixconverters 147
5.1 Introduction 147
5.2 Direct matrix converter 147
5.2.1 Circuit topology 147
5.2.2 Modulation techniques 147
5.3 Indirect matrix converter 159
5.3.1 Circuit topology 161
5.3.2 Modulation techniques 162
5.4 Technological issuesof MCs 165
5.5 MCversusvoltage back-to-back converter 167
5.6 Summary 167
References 168
6 Soft-switchingconverters 169
6.1 Resonant converters 169
6.1.1 Second-order resonant converters 169
6.1.2 Resonantconverterswiththreeormoreresonatingelements 178
6.2 Quasi-resonant converters 181
6.2.1 Example 1–half-wave ZCS-QRC 183
6.2.2 Example 2–full-wave ZCS-QRC 185
6.2.3 Example 3–half-wave ZVS-QRC 186
6.2.4 Example 4–full-wave ZVS-QRC 188
6.2.5 The effect of parasitic oscillations in QRCs 189
6.3 Multi-resonant converters 190
6.4 Quasi-square-wave converters 191
6.5 Other types of ZVSand ZCS converters 196
References 200
7 Z-source converters 205
7.1 Introduction 205
7.1.1 General overview 205
7.1.2 Basic principles 207
7.1.3 Modeling and control 209
7.2 Categories of impedance source power converters based
onconversionfunctionality 215
7.2.1 DC–DCconverter topologies 215
7.2.2 DC–ACinverter topologies 222
7.2.3 AC–ACconverter topologies 226
7.2.4 AC–DCconverter topologies 227
7.3 Impedance source network topologies 227
7.3.1 Non-transformer based 229
7.3.2 With transformer or magnetic coupling 233
7.4 Conclusions 236
References 237