Power Dynamics and Regional Security in Latin America

359 Pages·2017·6.441 MB·English

by  Marcial A.G. Suarez,Rafael Duarte Villa,Brigitte Weiffen (eds.)

Power Dynamics and Regional
Security in Latin America
MarcialA.G.Suarez(cid:129)RafaelDuarteVilla(cid:129)BrigitteWeiffen
Editors
Power Dynamics
and Regional
Security in Latin
America
Editors
MarcialA.G.Suarez RafaelDuarteVilla
FluminenseFederalUniversity UniversityofSãoPaulo
Niterói,Brazil SãoPaulo,Brazil
BrigitteWeiffen
UniversityofSãoPaulo
SãoPaulo,Brazil
ISBN978-1-137-57381-0 ISBN978-1-137-57382-7(eBook)
DOI10.1057/978-1-137-57382-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016961948
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F
OREWORD
LatinAmerica’ssecuritystudieshavebecomeanimportanttopicininter-
national relations and Latin American studies. In this excellent edited
volume, the editors take the challenge that David Mares and I suggested
lastyearinoureditedRoutledgeHandbookofLatinAmericanSecurityof
broadeningthe research agendaforthe studyof LatinAmericansecurity.
Suarez,Villa,andWeiffen,togetherwiththeircontributors,offeracoher-
ent and innovative analytical framework that reflects on the impact of
global and regional power shifts since the end of the Cold War upon
Latin American regional security nowadays. As a central theme in the
book,theyalsofocusupontheroleofregionalorganizationsinmanaging
security governance. Finally, they assess some of the regional and state-
level responses by significant state actors (i.e., Mexico, Colombia, and
Brazil)toregionalsecuritychallenges,includingborderconflicts,political
violence, terrorism, drug trade, domestic and transnational organized
crime, gangwarfare, andillegalmigration.
Global power shifts (such as the decline of the US hegemony in the
Americas) and especially regional power shifts have led to the fragmenta-
tion and multiplication of regional institutions dealing with regional
security in Latin America in the last twenty-five years, including over-
lapping organizations in a plural and sometimes confusing institutional
v
vi FOREWORD
architecture.Moreover,regionalsecuritychallengesandnewtransnational
threats pose challenges to both regional institutions and states, creating
‘intermestic’ agendas that blend international and domestic security con-
cerns,blurringthedistinctionbetweendomesticandinternationalpolitics.
Hence, the different chapters of this collection deal with important
questions and puzzles and suggest very relevant insights to make sense
of a reality of multi-dimensional security that might be overwhelming at
times. Those include the domestic nature of security threats that inhibits
regional security governance and cooperation; the links between role
theory and geopolitical thinking; the hybrid characteristics of regional
security governance encompassing both mechanisms of balance of power
andpluralisticsecuritycommunity;theambiguousandevencontradictory
roleplayedbyoverlappingregionalinstitutionsinmanagingandresolving
conflicts; the persistence of domestic violence and interstate militarized
threats against the background of formal peace; and the policies adopted
by states such as Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in securitizing or de-
securitizing security challenges such as terrorism, the war on drugs, and
organized crime. Thus, by reading the different chapters we get the
opportunity of elucidating the complexity, potential, and limitations of
securitygovernance andcooperation in LatinAmerica.
This book is a fine collection of fourteen chapters by sixteen authors
thatworkorcomefromBrazil,Mexico,Colombia,Argentina,theUnited
States, Germany, and the United Kingdom, some of them at the begin-
ning of their academic careers, and some of them from experienced and
world-recognizedscholars.Icommendtheeditorsforfindingacommon
denominator as a rigorous and novel attempt to elucidate some of the
puzzlesmentionedabove,addressingthecrowdedbutunexploredagenda
of Latin American regional security governance. Not only students of
Latin America, but also policy practitioners and readers interested in the
securityproblematiqueofotherregionsoftheworldwillfindthisvolume
challenging and compelling, drawing important and useful insights and
comparisons. After all, the repercussions of global and regional power
shifts for regional security governance, the use of regional institutions
for the management of security challenges, and the security priorities of
statesindealingwiththosechallengesposeanalyticalandpolicychallenges
thattranscend the particularrealitiesof LatinAmerican regionalsecurity.
Arie M.Kacowicz
C
ONTENTS
Re-ThinkingLatinAmerican Regional Security:
The Impactof Powerand Politics 1
Brigitte WeiffenandRafael Duarte Villa
PartI PowerShiftsand RegionalSecurityGovernance
Regional SecurityinLatin AmericaafterUSHegemony 27
Joseph S.Tulchin
SecurityGovernance in LatinAmerica 53
RobertoDominguez
SecurityCommunity orBalanceof Power?Hybrid Security
Governance in LatinAmerica 77
Rafael DuarteVilla
RoleTheory andGeopoliticalThinking in SouthAmerica 101
LeslieE. WehnerandDetlef Nolte
vii
viii CONTENTS
PartII RegionalInstitutionsand the Managementof Security
Challenges
Regional Organizations,Conflict Resolution andMediation
in SouthAmerica 123
Monica Herz, Maira SimanandAnaClaraTelles
IsRegionalismStill a ViableOption for the Creation and
Maintenance of Peace andSecurityin LatinAmerica? 149
Kai Enno Lehmann
InstitutionalOverlap and ResponsestoPolitical Crises
in SouthAmerica 173
Brigitte Weiffen
InterstateConflict Managementin SouthAmerica:
The Relevance ofOverlapping Institutions 199
MarcosValle Machado daSilva
PartIII Power ShiftsandSecurityPriorities
The Zoneof ViolentPeace 225
David R. Mares
DefenseManagement in SouthAmerica: Bureaucracy
andDiplomacy 247
RutDiamint
Counterterrorism Policiesin Brazil: ASecuritization
Syndrome? 273
MarcialA.G. Suarez,Fernando L.Brancoli,
andIgor D.P.Acácio
Desecuritizing the‘War onDrugs’ 295
CarolinaCepeda MásmelaandArleneB. Tickner
CONTENTS ix
Mexico andItsRole inNorth America’s Security: Between
Terrorismand OrganizedCrime 319
Raúl Benítez Manaut
Index 343
L A
IST OF BBREVIATIONS
ABACC Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of
NuclearMaterials
ALBA BolivarianAllianceforthePeoplesofOurAmerica(Alianza
BolivarianaparalosPueblosdeNuestraAmérica)
ALN AçãoLibertadoraNacional(Brazil)
APEC Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation
BRICS Brazil,Russia,India,China,SouthAfrica
CACM CentralAmericanCommonMarket
CAFTA-DR Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free
TradeAgreement
CALC LatinAmericanandCaribbeanSummit
CAN Andean Community of Nations (Comunidad Andina de
Naciones)
CARICOM CaribbeanCommunity
CARSI CentralAmericanRegionalSecurityInitiative
CASA South American Community of Nations (Comunidade Sul-
AmericanadeNações)
CBM Confidence-buildingmeasures
CDS South American Defense Council (Consejo de Defensa
Suramericano)
CEED Center for Strategic Defense Studies (Centro de Estudios
EstratégicosdeDefensa)
CELAC Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
(ComunidaddeEstadosLatinoamericanosyCaribeños)
CENDRO NationalCenterforDrugControl(CentroNacionalparael
ControldeDrogas)(Mexico)
CIA CentralIntelligenceAgency(UnitedStates)
xi