Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives with Linear Neural Networks

631 Pages·2012·24.46 MB·English

by  Maurizio Cirrincione

K10947_cover.fhmx 4/6/12 2:29 PM Page 1
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Electrical Engineering
w P
o
i Power Converters
Power Converters th w

L e
and
i r and
n
C
e
AC Electrical Drives
a o
r n
AC Electrical Drives
N v
with Linear Neural Networks e
e
u r
t
r
e
a with Linear Neural Networks
The first book of its kind, Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives with Linear
r
l
Neural Networks systematically explores the application of neural networks in s
N
the field of power electronics, with particular emphasis on the sensorless control
of AC drives. It presents the classical theory based on space-vectors in identification, e a
discusses control of electrical drives and power converters, and examines t n
w
improvements that can be attained when using linear neural networks. d
o

A
The book integrates power electronics and electrical drives with artificial neural r
networks (ANN). Organized into four parts, it first deals with voltage source k C
s
inverters and their control. It then covers AC electrical drive control, focusing on
E
induction and permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. The third part
l
examines theoretical aspects of linear neural networks, particularly the neural
e
EXIN family. The fourth part highlights original applications in electrical drives
c
and power quality, ranging from neural-based parameter estimation and sensorless
t
control to distributed generation systems from renewable sources and active r
power filters. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the i
c
theories.
a
l
Written by experts in the field, this state-of-the-art book requires basic knowledge
of electrical machines and power electronics, as well as some familiarity with D
control systems, signal processing, linear algebra, and numerical analysis. Offering r
multiple paths through the material, the text is suitable for undergraduate and i
v
postgraduate students, theoreticians, practicing engineers, and researchers
e
involved in applications of ANNs.
s
Maurizio Cirrincione
Cirrincione Marcello Pucci
Pucci
K10947 Vitale Gianpaolo Vitale
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
711 Third Avenue
an informa business New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park
Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK

Power Converters
and
AC Electrical Drives
with Linear Neural Networks
Energy, Power Electronics, and Machines
Series Editor
Ali Emadi
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Fundamentals of Magnetic
Design and Control
Babak Fahimi
Power Converters and AC Electrical Drives with Linear Neural Networks
Maurizio Cirrincione, Marcello Pucci, and Gianpaolo Vitale
Energy Harvesting: Solar, Wind, and Ocean Energy Conversion Systems
Alireza Khaligh and Omer C. Onar
Power Converters
and
AC Electrical Drives
with Linear Neural Networks
Maurizio Cirrincione
Marcello Pucci
Gianpaolo Vitale
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
MATLAB® and Simulink® are trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. and are used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant
the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® and Simulink® software or related
products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use
of the MATLAB® and Simulink® software.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20120329
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1815-2 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to pub-
lish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the
consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in
this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright
material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any
form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy-
right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC
is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted
a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification
and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
To Concetta Maria, Paolo, Nucetta, Elisa, and little Paolo
Maurizio Cirrincione
Giansalvo Cirrincione
To my wife, Maria, and my daughters, Federica and Francesca—the bright side of my life
Marcello Pucci
To my parents and family, and to my teachers who conveyed to me their enthusiasm for studying
Gianpaolo Vitale

Contents
Foreword.........................................................................................................................................xv
Preface...........................................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................xxi
Authors........................................................................................................................................xxiii
1. Review of Basic Concepts: Space-Vector Analysis...........................................................1
1.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................1
1.2. Space-Vector.Definition.................................................................................................2
1.3. 3.→.2.and.2.→.3.Transformations................................................................................5
1.3.1. Non-Power-Invariant.Form.Ver.1...................................................................5
1.3.2. Power-Invariant.Form......................................................................................6
1.3.3. Non-Power-Invariant.Form.Ver.2...................................................................7
1.4. Coordinate.Transformation..........................................................................................7
1.5. Instantaneous.Real.and.Imaginary.Powers...............................................................9
References................................................................................................................................13
Part I Power Converters
2. Pulsewidth Modulation of Voltage Source Inverters....................................................17
2.1. Fundamentals.of.Voltage.Source.Inverters..............................................................17
2.1.1. Performance.Criteria......................................................................................20
2.1.1.1. Current.Harmonics.........................................................................20
2.1.1.2. Harmonic.Spectrum.......................................................................21
2.1.1.3. Maximum.Modulation.Index........................................................21
2.1.1.4. Torque.Harmonics...........................................................................22
2.1.1.5. Switching.Frequency.and.Switching.Losses...............................22
2.1.1.6. Common-Mode.Voltage.(CMV)....................................................24
2.2. Open-Loop.PWM.........................................................................................................24
2.2.1. Carrier-Based.PWM.......................................................................................25
2.2.1.1. Suboscillation.Method....................................................................25
2.2.1.2. Modified.Suboscillation.Method..................................................26
2.2.1.3. Sampling.Techniques......................................................................28
2.2.1.4. Space-Vector.Modulation...............................................................29
2.2.1.5. Discontinuous.Pulsewidth.Modulation.......................................34
2.2.1.6. General.Expression.of.the.Duty.Cycle.in.Carrier-Based.
PWM.Techniques............................................................................37
2.2.1.7. Modified.Space-Vector.Modulation..............................................38
2.2.1.8. Synchronized.Carrier.Modulation...............................................38
2.2.2. Carrierless.PWM.............................................................................................38
2.2.3. Overmodulation..............................................................................................39
2.2.4. SV-PWM.for.the.Minimization.of.the.Common-Mode.Emissions..........41
2.2.4.1. Common-Mode.Voltage.................................................................41
2.2.4.2. Switching.Strategy..........................................................................42
vii
viii Contents
2.2.5. Optimized.Open-Loop.PWM.......................................................................43
2.2.6. Experimental.Verification.of.Open-Loop.PWM.Techniques....................44
2.3. Closed-Loop.Control.of.VSIs......................................................................................51
2.3.1. Classification.of.Closed-Loop.Control.Strategy.........................................51
2.3.1.1. Hysteresis.Current.Control............................................................52
2.3.1.2. Suboscillation.Current.Control.....................................................54
2.3.1.3. Space-Vector.Current.Control........................................................55
2.3.1.4. Closed-Loop.PWM.with.Real-Time.Optimization.....................57
2.3.1.5. Predictive.Current.Control............................................................58
2.3.1.6. Pulsewidth.Control.with.Field.Orientation.................................59
2.3.1.7. Trajectory.Tracking.Control...........................................................60
2.3.2. From.the.Six-Pulse.Rectifier.to.the.Active.Rectifier...................................61
2.3.3. Current.Control.of.VSIs..................................................................................66
2.3.3.1. Voltage-Oriented.Control.(VOC)..................................................66
2.3.3.2. Virtual.Flux-Oriented.Control......................................................71
2.3.3.3. Experimental.Results.with.VOC.and.VF-OC.............................72
2.3.4. Power.Control.of.VSIs....................................................................................72
2.3.4.1. Direct.Power.Control......................................................................72
2.3.4.2. Switching.Table.DPC......................................................................73
2.3.4.3. Virtual.Flux.Direct.Power.Control...............................................78
2.3.4.4. Experimental.Results.with.DPC.and.VF-DPC............................78
2.3.4.5. DPC.EMC.(Electromagnetic.Compatible)....................................79
2.3.4.6. Simulation.Results.with.DPC-EMC.1.and.DPC-EMC.2.............83
2.3.4.7. Comparative.Experimental.Analysis.of.DPC,.DPC-EMC.1,.
and.DPC-EMC.2...............................................................................84
2.3.4.8. Standard.Compliance:.Comparative.Analysis............................91
List.of.Symbols........................................................................................................................92
References................................................................................................................................93
Further.Reading......................................................................................................................96
3. Power Quality.........................................................................................................................97
3.1. Nonlinear.Loads..........................................................................................................97
3.1.1. Current.Source.Type.of.Harmonic.Sources.
(Harmonic Current Sources).........................................................................97
3.1.2. Voltage.Source.Type.of.Harmonic.Sources.
(Harmonic Voltage Sources)..........................................................................97
3.2. Harmonic.Propagation.on.the.Distribution.Network............................................97
3.3. Passive.Filters..............................................................................................................102
3.4. Active.Power.Filters...................................................................................................105
3.4.1. Introduction.on.APFs...................................................................................105
3.4.2. Basic.Operating.Issues.of.Parallel.and.Series.Filters...............................107
3.4.3. Shunt.Active.Filters......................................................................................108
3.4.3.1. Harmonic.Current.Source.Compensation.by.PAF...................108
3.4.3.2. Harmonic.Voltage.Source.Compensation.by.PAF....................111
3.4.3.3. Control.of.PAF.Based.on.p-q.Theory.........................................112
3.4.4. Series.Active.Filters......................................................................................117
3.4.4.1. Harmonic.Current.Loads.............................................................117
3.4.4.2. Voltage.Harmonic.Loads..............................................................119
3.4.4.3. Control.of.SAF.Based.on.the.p-q.Theory...................................121