Poverty and Power: The Problem of Structural Inequality PDF
Preview Poverty and Power: The Problem of Structural Inequality
Poverty and Power The Problem of Structural Inequality Third Edition Edward Royce Rollins College ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London ExecutiveEditor:SarahStanton AssistantEditor:CarliHansen SeniorMarketingManager:KimLyons Creditsandacknowledgmentsformaterialborrowedfromothersources,andreproduced withpermission,appearontheappropriatepagewithinthetext. PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AnimprintofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 https://rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB, UnitedKingdom Copyright©2019byTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. Firstedition2009.Secondedition2015. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Royce,EdwardCary,author. Title:Povertyandpower:theproblemofstructuralinequality/EdwardRoyce,Rollins College. Description:ThirdEdition.|Lanham:Rowman&LittlefieldPublishing,[2018]|Revised editionoftheauthor’sPovertyandpower,[2015]|Includesbibliographicalreferences andindex. Identifiers:LCCN2018002948(print)|LCCN2018005546(ebook)|ISBN 9781538110461(electronic)|ISBN9781538110447(cloth:alk.paper)|ISBN 9781538110454(pbk.:alk.paper) Subjects:LCSH:Poverty—UnitedStates.|Equality—UnitedStates. Classification:LCCHC110.P6(ebook)|LCCHC110.P6R6962018(print)|DDC339.4/ 60973—dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018002948 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Tomyparents,DickRoyceandPhyllisRoyce Brief Contents Preface to the Third Edition xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 Poverty as a Social Problem 1 Part I: Individualistic Theories of Poverty and Inequality 2 The Biogenetic Theory of Poverty and Inequality 25 3 The Cultural Theory of Poverty and Inequality 39 4 The Human Capital Theory of Poverty and Inequality 61 Part II: A Structural Perspective on Poverty—Four Systems 5 The Economic System and Poverty 81 6 The Political System and Poverty 111 7 The Cultural System and Poverty 143 8 The Social System and Poverty 171 Part III: A Structural Perspective on Poverty—Ten Obstacles 9 Structural Obstacles and the Persistence of Poverty (I) 195 10 Structural Obstacles and the Persistence of Poverty (II) 219 11 Conclusion 245 Appendix: The Individualistic Perspective and the Structural Perspective 257 Notes 261 Selected Bibliography 325 Index 345 About the Author 359 v Detailed Contents PrefacetotheThirdEdition xiii NewtotheThirdEdition xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 PovertyasaSocialProblem 1 TheProblemofPoverty 3 TheOfficialRateofPovertyintheUnitedStatesIsVeryHigh 3 TheRealRateofPovertyintheUnitedStatesIsEvenHigher 4 PovertyintheUnitedStatesIsWorseThaninOther DevelopedCountries 4 PovertyintheUnitedStatesIsaPersistentProblem 5 MoreofToday’sPoorAreSeverelyPoor 6 TheRelativeDeprivationandSocialExclusionofthePoor 7 MoreofToday’sPoorAreStuckinPoverty 7 TheShreddingoftheSafetyNet 9 MostAmericansAreVulnerabletoPoverty 11 LivingwithoutanEconomicCushion 12 EconomicGrowthIsNottheCureforToday’sPoverty 13 TheConditionsThatCausePovertyHarmMostAmericans 14 PovertyIsaSocialJusticeIssue 15 TheIndividualisticPerspectiveandtheStructuralPerspective 16 OrganizationoftheBook 18 PartI:IndividualisticTheoriesofPovertyandInequality 2 TheBiogeneticTheoryofPovertyandInequality 25 OurFateIsinOurGenes 25 Genes,IQ,andIntelligence 27 vii viii DetailedContents IsItBettertoBeBornSmartorBornRich? 30 Genes,IQ,andPoverty 32 IndividualisticBias 32 InequalityofOpportunity 32 TheCorrelationbetweenIQandPoverty 34 GettingaJob 34 PovertyintheAggregate 35 Conclusion 36 3 TheCulturalTheoryofPovertyandInequality 39 PovertyasDeviance 39 TheOriginsandDevelopmentoftheCulturalTheory 40 TheCultureofthePoor 40 TheSourcesoftheCulturalDevianceofthePoor 43 TheCulturalSolutiontotheProblemofPoverty 46 IstheCulturalTheoryPlausible? 47 HowWellDoestheCulturalTheoryKnowthePoor? 50 DothePoorDifferfromtheNonpoor,andIfSo,HowandWhy? 51 Work 53 Family 55 CultureandPoverty 56 Conclusion 57 4 TheHumanCapitalTheoryofPovertyandInequality 61 EducationIstheKeytoSuccess 61 AcquiringHumanCapital 63 ConvertingHumanCapital 65 WhatYouKnoworWhoYouAre? 66 GenderandRace/Ethnicity 67 CulturalCapital 67 PsychologicalCapital 68 WhatYouKnoworWhoYouKnow? 70 WhatYouKnoworWhereYouWork? 72 SkillsDeficitorJobsDeficit? 73 Conclusion 76 PartII:AStructuralPerspectiveonPoverty—FourSystems 5 TheEconomicSystemandPoverty 81 TheEconomicsofPoverty 81 AShiftintheBalanceofEconomicPower 83 Deindustrialization 86 Globalization 89 TechnologicalUnemployment 94 FinancializationandtheShareholderRevolution 98
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