Poverty among Immigrant Children in Europe

246 Pages·2009·1.51 MB·English

by  Ajit S. Bhalla

Poverty among Immigrant Children in Europe
AlsobyA.S.Bhalla
BLENDINGOFNEWANDTRADITIONALTECHNOLOGIES(co-editor)
ECONOMICTRANSITIONINHUNANANDSOUTHERNCHINA
ENVIRONMENT,EMPLOYMENTANDDEVELOPMENT(editor)(alsoinPortuguese)
FACINGTHETECHNOLOGICALCHALLENGE
GLOBALIZATION,GROWTHANDMARGINALIZATION(editor)(alsoinFrench)
INSEARCHOFROOTS
MARKETORGOVERNMENTFAILURES?AnAsianPerspective
NEWTECHNOLOGIESANDDEVELOPMENT(co-editor)
POVERTYANDEXCLUSIONINAGLOBALWORLD(co-author)(alsoinJapanese)
POVERTYANDINEQUALITYAMONGCHINESEMINORITIES(co-author)
REGIONALBLOCS:BuildingBlocksorStumblingBlocks?(co-author)
ROYALTOMBSOFINDIA
SMALLANDMEDIUMENTERPRISES:TechnologyPoliciesandOptions(editor)
TECHNOLOGICALTRANSFORMATIONOFRURALINDIA(co-editor)
TECHNOLOGYANDEMPLOYMENTININDUSTRY(editor)(alsoinSpanish)
THEEMPLOYMENTIMPACTOFCHINA’SWTOACCESSION(co-author)
TOWARDSGLOBALACTIONFORAPPROPRIATETECHNOLOGY(editor)
UNEVENDEVELOPMENTINTHETHIRDWORLD:AStudyofChinaandIndia
AlsobyPeterMcCormick
ECO-ETHICSANDCONTEMPORARYPHILOSOPHICALREFLECTION
ECO-ETHICSANDANETHICSOFSUFFERING
THENEGATIVESUBLIME:Ethics,Warfare,andtheDarkBordersofReason
WHENFAMINERETURNS:Ethics,Identity,andtheDeepPathosofThings
MODERNITY,AESTHETICS,ANDTHEBOUNDSOFART
FICTIONS,PHILOSOPHIES,ANDTHEPROBLEMSOFPOETICS
HEIDEGGERANDTHELANGUAGEOFTHEWORLD
ROMANINGARDEN:ÜberdasWesen(editor)
STARMAKING:Realism,Anti-Realism,andIrrealism(editor)
THEAESTHETICSOFROMANINGARDEN(editor)
CONTEMPORARYESSAYSONROMANINGARDEN(co-editor)
ARTANDITSREASONS(editor)
HUSSERL:ShorterWorks(co-editor)
HUSSERL:ExpositionsandAppraisals(co-editor)
GABRIELMARCEL:TragicWisdomandBeyond(translator)
Poverty among Immigrant
Children in Europe
A.S. Bhalla
and
Peter McCormick
©A.S.BhallaandPeterMcCormick2009
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Firstpublished2009by
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Contents
ListofTables vii
ListofFigures ix
ListofBoxes x
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xvi
ListofAbbreviations xviii
1 ChildPovertyandWell-Being 1
Poverty,deprivationanddestitution 2
Thenotionsofwell-beingandill-being 7
Ajustice-as-fairnessapproachtopoverty 10
Acapabilityapproachtopoverty 12
Children’srightsandsocialjustice 18
2 ImmigrantChildPovertyinEurope 24
AdultimmigrantsandtheirchildreninEurope 25
Povertyincidenceamongimmigrantsandchildren 26
Accesstoeducationandthelabourmarket 42
TheEUapproachtochildpoverty 45
Concludingremarks 47
3 TheEuropeanImmigrationDebate 49
Theimmigrationdebate 49
Familyreunification 56
AcommonimmigrationpolicyforEurope? 58
Rightsofimmigrants,dutiesofStates 61

4 ImmigrantChildPovertyinSwitzerland 65
Themagnitudeofimmigrantpopulation 65
Residencestatusofforeigners 67
Povertyamongimmigrantchildren 70
Accessofimmigrantchildrentoeducationand
employment 79
v
vi Contents
Accesstohealthservices 86
Otherindicators 89
Acomparativestudyofimmigrantchildrenfromformer
Yugoslavia,TurkeyandPortugal 92
Concludingremarks 97
5 ImmigrantChildPovertyinFrance 100
Immigration:magnitudeandtrends 101
Thestatusofimmigrantsandtheirchildren 104
Povertyamongimmigrantchildren 107
Accesstoeducationandemployment 111
Accesstohealthcare 116
Theplightofminorchildren 117
Romanianstreetchildren 119
Romachildren 122
Concludingremarks 124
6 HousingPoorImmigrantChildreninFrance 125
Thegeneralhousingsituation 126
Thehousingproblemsofimmigrantsandtheirchildren 130
Housingaid 137
HousingofRomachildren 139
TheriotsinParissuburbs 141
Concludingremarks 143
7 SwitzerlandvsFrance:AComparativePerspective 145
Theimmigrationpolicies 148
Socialandpoliticalparticipation 165
Discriminationandracism 167
Well-beingofchildren 169
8 SomeConclusions 174
Economic,legalandpoliticalstatusofimmigrantchildren 175
Socialjusticeandimmigrantchildren 176
Notes 180
Bibliography 190
Name/AuthorIndex 213
SubjectIndex 217
List of Tables
1.1 Somedistinguishingfeaturesofthenotionsofpoverty,
deprivationanddestitution 5
1.2 Livingconditionsofchildrenagedsixandtenin
Germany 9
2.1 Numberofimmigrants(non-nationals)inEuropeover
time(1990–2004) 25
2.2 ImmigrantchildrenandyouthinEurope(2004) 27
2.3 Povertyincidenceamongimmigrantsandnon-
immigrantsinselectedEuropeancountries 30
2.4 Relativepovertyamongtwo-parentandsingle-parent
familiesinselectedEuropeancountries 34
2.5 Impactoftaxesandtransfersonrelativechild
poverty 35
2.6 ChildrenintheUKandNorthernIrelandlackingbasic
necessities 37
3.1 MigrationlegislationintheFifthEuropeanParliament 59
4.1 ImmigrantpopulationinSwitzerlandbynationality
andage(2004) 67
4.2 ResidencestatusofforeignersinSwitzerland,
includingasylum-seekersandrefugees 68
4.3 IncidenceofchildpovertyinSwitzerlandby
headcountratio(1999–2003) 73
4.4 EducationalattainmentofSwissandimmigrant
children(2003–4) 82
4.5 Peri-natalmortalityratesinSwitzerland,Northern
EuropeandtheUSA 88
4.6 TeenagepregnancyinSwitzerlandandselected
Europeancountries 90
4.7 Socialcharacteristicsofimmigrantsfromex-Yugoslavia,

TurkeyandPortugal(2000) 93
5.1 France:shareofimmigrantchildrenbyageand
countryoforigin 103
5.2 France:childpovertybynationalityofhousehold
head 109
5.3 France:sharesoftotalpopulationandofchildren
affectedbymaterialdeprivation(2005) 112
vii
viii ListofTables
5.4 France:familyenvironmentofpupilsentering
sixthformin1995 113
6.1 PoorhousingforFrenchimmigrantsbynationalityand
typeofhousing(2005) 130
6.2 CharacteristicsofhousinginFranceforimmigrant,
non-immigrantandmixedhouseholds 131
6.3 France:shareofhouseholdsbenefitingfromhousing
aidclassifiedbythelevelofincome 138
7.1 SwitzerlandvsFrance:somekeyeconomicandsocial
indicators 147
7.2 Switzerland:popularinitiativesconcerningforeigners
andasylum-seekers 149
7.3 FranceandSwitzerland:distributionofclaimsby
immigrantsandethnicminoritiesbynationality/
ethnicity(1990–8) 166
7.4 Indicatorsofwell-beingofchildreninSwitzerland
andFrance 170
7.5 RankingofSwitzerlandandFrancebydifferent
dimensionsofchildwell-being 173
8.1 OverallsituationofimmigrantchildreninFrance
andSwitzerland 175
List of Figures
4.1 Povertyratesforpersonsaged20–59bycountrygroups/
nationalities(2003) 71
4.2 Proportionsoftheworkingpooraged20–59bycountry
groups/nationalities(2003) 72
4.3 Annualenrolmentofclandestinechildren(4–12)years
inGenevapublicschoolsbynationality 84
4.4 Numberofyoungchildren(0–14years)from
ex-Yugoslavia,TurkeyandPortugal 95
7.1 TrendsinchildpopulationbyagegroupinSwitzerland
(1993–2003) 158
7.2 Trendsinthenumberofimmigrantchildren(15–19)in
Switzerland,fromdifferentregions(1995–2006) 158
7.3 Trendsinthenumberofimmigrantchildren(birthto14)
inSwitzerland,fromdifferentregions(1995–2006) 159

ix