Pottery Technologies and Sociocultural Connections Between the Aegean and Anatolia During the 3rd Millenium BC

313 Pages·2018·20.44 MB·English

by  Eva Alram-stern

Eva Alram-Stern – Barbara Horejs (Eds.)
Pottery Technologies and Sociocultural Connections
Between the Aegean and Anatolia During the 3rd Millennium BC
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Philosophisch-historische Klasse
Oriental and European Archaeology
Volume 10
Series Editor: Barbara Horejs
Publications Coordinator: Ulrike Schuh
Eva Alram-Stern – Barbara Horejs (Eds.)
Pottery Technologies and
Sociocultural Connections
Between the Aegean and Anatolia
During the 3rd Millennium BC
Accepted by the Publication Committee of the Division of Humanities
and the Social Sciences of the Austrian Academy of Sciences:
Michael Alram, Bert Fragner, Hermann Hunger, Sigrid Jalkotzy-Deger, Brigitte Mazohl, Franz Rainer,
Oliver Jens Schmitt, Peter Wiesinger and Waldemar Zacharasiewicz
This publication has undergone the process of anonymous, international peer review.
The paper used for this publication was made from chlorite-free bleached cellulose
and is aging-resistant and free of acidifying substances.
English language editing: Stephanie Emra, Kelly Gillikin, Guy Kiddey,
Jessica Whalen, Roderick B. Salisbury, Clare Burke
Graphics and layout: María Antonia Negrete Martínez
Cover design: Mario Börner, Angela Schwab
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-3-7001-8127-9
Copyright © 2018 by
Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna
Printing: Prime Rate kft., Budapest
Printed and bound in the EU
https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/8127-9
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at
Contents
Preface by the Series Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Eva Alram-Stern – Barbara Horejs
Pottery Technologies in the Aegean and Anatolia During the 3rd Millennium BC:
An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Anatolia & Eastern Aegean
Barbara Horejs – Sarah Japp – Hans Mommsen
Early Bronze Age Pottery Workshops Around Pergamon: A Model
for Pottery Production in the 3rd Millennium BC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Lisa Peloschek
Marble-Tempered Ware in 3rd Millennium BC Anatolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Maria Röcklinger – Barbara Horejs
Function and Technology: A Pottery Assemblage from an Early Bronze Age House
at Çukuriçi Höyük . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
John Gait – Noémi S . Müller – Evangelia Kiriatzi – Douglas Baird
Examining the Dynamics of Early Bronze Age Pottery Production and Distribution
in the Konya Plain of South Central Anatolia, Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Ourania Kouka – Sergios Menelaou
Settlement and Society in the Early Bronze Age Heraion: Exploring Stratigraphy,
Architecture and Ceramic Innovation After Mid-3rd Millennium BC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Greece
Clare Burke – Peter Day – Eva Alram-Stern – Katie Demakopoulou – Anno Hein
Crafting and Consumption Choices: Neolithic – Early Helladic II Ceramic Production
and Distribution, Midea and Tiryns, Mainland Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Eva Alram-Stern
Early Helladic II Pottery from Midea in the Argolid: Forms and Fabrics Pointing
to Special Use and Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Lydia Berger
Social Change – Cultural Change – Technological Change: Archaeological Studies
and Scientific Analyses of Early Aeginetan Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Sylvie Müller-Celka – Evangelia Kiriatzi – Xenia Charalambidou – Noémi S . Müller
Early Helladic II–III Pottery Groups from Eretria (Euboea) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
6 Contents
Jörg Rambach
Romanos-Navarino Dunes in the Pylia: The Early Helladic II Settlement
and the Case of the Early Helladic II Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Georgia Kordatzaki – Evangelia Kiriatzi – Jörg Rambach
Ceramic Traditions in Southwestern Peloponnese During the Early Helladic II Period:
The Romanos Pylias Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Areti Pentedeka – Catherine Morgan – Andreas Sotiriou
Early Helladic Pottery Traditions in Western Greece:
The Case of Kephalonia and Ithaca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Yiannis Papadatos – Eleni Nodarou
Pottery Technology(ies) in Prepalatial Crete: Evidence from Archaeological
and Archaeometric Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Index
Pottery and Analytical Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Geographical Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Preface by the Series Editor
The 10th volume of the Oriental and European Archaeology publication series presents the re-
sults of an international conference, organised and hosted by the OREA Institute at the Austrian
Academy of Sciences in Vienna from 21st to 23rd of October 2015 . The idea for this volume
about Pottery Technologies and Sociocultural Connections Between the Aegean and Anatolia
During the 3rd Millennium BC is based on current projects by the organisers Eva Alram-Stern and
the series editor, who are both dealing with archaeometric studies of Early Bronze Age pottery
from Greece and Turkey . The outcome of these interdisciplinary investigations at Midea, the
prehistoric Kaykos Valley (Pergamon), and at Çukuriçi Höyük required a broader scientific and
socio-cultural contextualisation . This led to the organisation of the conference in Vienna, inviting
well-known pottery experts, as well as young scholars, working in this particular scientific field.
This volume presents long-term and well-established approaches used for a range of method-
ological and theoretical aspects of ceramic research in the Greek Aegean, that also offer a solid
framework for new primary data and their interpretation from the eastern Aegean and western
Anatolia . In addition, the main focus of this volume is on the socio-cultural aspects of the various
analytical methods and their scientific results, aiming to provide a broader picture of the role of
pottery in past societies, also understandable by non-experts in these highly specialised fields.
The enormous amount of scientific data dealing with Early Bronze Age ceramics generally, offers
a new insight into important aspects of societies in the 3rd millennium BC, such as the chaîne
opératoire of production, vessel function, regionalism, and chronology . Finally, it is our view that
such a cross-Aegean approach allows intra site comparison, and provides important insights into
the relationships and meaning behind trends visible in Early Bronze Age pottery from different
regions within the Aegean, particularly cultural-technological concepts and their social impact .
The volume brings together 13 contributions that offer primary data from new analyses of ce-
ramic material from western Anatolia, the east, northeast and central Aegean, as well as from Crete,
and the Greek mainland . We are very thankful to the authors, who interpret this new data in relation
to a range of socio-cultural, economic, chronological, functional and regional contexts . The fruitful
discussions at the conference, by renowned experts in scientific ceramic analyses, has shed new
light on key themes in ceramic and broader archaeological research, and, importantly, highlighted
potential connections between the Aegean and Anatolia based on this new archaeometric data .
My sincere thanks go to the authors of all contributions for sharing their expertise and per-
spectives about Pottery Technologies and Sociocultural Connections Between the Aegean and
Anatolia During the 3rd Millennium BC, and to Eva Alram-Stern for her efforts in publishing the
10th OREA volume as soon as possible . The international review procedure supervised by the
Academy publication committee guarantees the quality assessment of each publication in this
series . Although this procedure sometimes requires the patience of authors and editors including
the acceptance of publication delays, I am very thankful to the anonymous reviewers’ engagement
and their helpful suggestions .
Financial support for the conference has been provided by the FWF funded projects P 24798,
P 25825 and Y 528 as well as by the OREA Institute and the Austrian Academy of Sciences . Fi-
nally, I am grateful to the experienced team, especially Ulrike Schuh for coordinating the editorial
work and María Antonia Negrete Martínez for layouting the entire volume .
Barbara Horejs
Director of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology
Vienna, 13th of June 2018
ORIENTAL AND EUROPEAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Vol . 1 B . Horejs – M . Mehofer (eds .), Western Anatolia before Troy . Proto-Urbanisation
in the 4th Millenium BC? Proceedings of the International Symposium held at
the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria, 21–24 November, 2012
(Vienna 2014) .
Vol . 2 B . Eder – R . Pruzsinszky (eds .), Policies of Exchange . Political Systems and
Modes of Interaction in the Aegean and the Near East in the 2nd Millennium B .C .E .
Proceedings of the International Symposium at the University of Freiburg, Institute
for Archaeological Studies, 30th May–2nd June, 2012 (Vienna 2015) .
Vol . 3 M . Bartelheim – B . Horejs – R . Krauß (eds .), Von Baden bis Troia . Ressourcen-
nutzung, Metallurgie und Wissenstransfer . Eine Jubiläumsschrift für Ernst Pernicka
(Rahden/Westf . 2016) .
Vol . 4 M . Luciani (ed .), The Archaeology of North Arabia . Oases and Landscapes .
Proceedings of the International Congress held at the University of Vienna,
5–8 December, 2013 (Vienna 2016) .
Vol . 5 B . Horejs, Çukuriçi Höyük 1 . Anatolia and the Aegean from the 7th to the 3rd
Millennium BC. With contributions by Ch. Britsch, St. Grasböck, B. Milić,
L . Peloschek, M . Röcklinger and Ch . Schwall (Vienna 2017) .
Vol . 6 M . Mödlinger, Protecting the Body in War and Combat . Metal Body Armour in
Bronze Age Europe (Vienna 2017) .
Vol . 7 Ch . Schwall, Çukuriçi Höyük 2 . Das 5 . und 4 . Jahrtausend v . Chr . in Westanatolien
und der Ostägäis . Mit einem Beitrag von B . Horejs (Vienna 2018) .
Vol . 8 W . Anderson – K . Hopper – A . Robinson (eds .), Landscape Archaeology in Southern
Caucasia . Finding Common Ground in Diverse Environments . Proceedings of the
Workshop held at 10th ICAANE in Vienna, April 2016 (Vienna 2018) .
Vol. 9 St. Gimatzidis – M. Pieniążek – S. Mangaloğlu-Votruba (eds.), Archaeology Across
Frontiers and Borderlands . Fragmentation and Connectivity in the North Aegean and
the Central Balkans from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age (Vienna 2018) .
Pottery Technologies in the Aegean and Anatolia During the
3rd Millennium BC: An Introduction
Eva Alram-Stern1 – Barbara Horejs2
After several decades of archaeometric investigations on Early Bronze Age pottery, now is the
time to bring these manifold results and experts together for a holistic approach of a broad-
er region through socio-cultural interpretations. The archaeometric approach to pottery in the
(Greek) Aegean is based on a long tradition and nowadays forms a well-established scientific
field in Bronze Age archaeology in that region. Thanks to various research groups and their long-
term engagement in developing the methodological and theoretical background – such as the
Fitch Laboratory of the British School and the Demokritos lab in Athens, the University of Bonn,
and Sheffield University – pottery experts in the Aegean are now able to use various scientific
methods based on a well-established scientific framework and comparable data. This state-of-
the-art interdisciplinary approach for Aegean ceramics not only produces a large amount of new
and complex data, which are mainly used by specialists in this field, but also leads to a multifac-
eted picture hardly manageable by non-experts for their socio-cultural follow-up interpretations.
Our main aim is focused on combining the archaeometric experts and their scientific questions
and data to gain a broader archaeological-cultural contextualisation within one particular time
horizon.
Chronological and Geographical Framework
Due to current scientific requirements, projects and available data, the Aegean and western Anato-
lia during the periods of Early Helladic I–II / Early Bronze Age 1–2 (c. 3000–2300 BC) have been
selected as the general chronological and geographical frameworks. Ongoing research in petro-
graphic3 and chemical analyses, specifically X-ray fluorescence (XRF)4 and Neutron Activation
Analysis (NAA),5 were brought together with archaeological contextualisation to discuss poten-
tial social and economic patterns in the production and distribution of pottery within a trans-Ae-
gean perspective. This volume represents the outcome of the conference “Pottery Technologies
and Sociocultural Connections between the Aegean and Anatolia during the 3rd Millennium BC”,
which took place from 21.10. to 23.10.2015 at the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeol-
ogy of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
The selected focus is closely related to the OREA research group Anatolian Aegean Prehistor-
ic Phenomena, which generally connects Greek and Turkish parts of the Aegean in a holistic ap-
proach. Both regions are starting and intermediary points of formative cultural processes, which
are studied by archaeological and interdisciplinary basic research methods – conducted in detail
with highly specialised analyses as well as supra-regional studies. This research strategy includes
1 Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences; [email protected].
2 Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences; [email protected].
3 Whitbread 2001.
4 Gait et al., this volume.
5 Mommsen et al. 1991; Mommsen 2007; Horejs et al., this volume.