Pottery in Archaeology PDF
Preview Pottery in Archaeology
PotteryinArchaeology,SecondEdition Thisrevisededitionprovidesanup-to-dateaccountofthemanydifferentkindsofinformation thatcanbeobtainedthroughthearchaeologicalstudyofpottery.Itdescribesthescientific andquantitativetechniquesthatarenowavailabletothearchaeologistandassessestheirvalue foransweringarangeofarchaeologicalquestions.Itprovidesamanualforthebasichandling andarchivingofexcavatedpotterysothatitcanbeusedasabasisforfurtherstudies.The wholeissetinthehistoricalcontextofthewaysinwhicharchaeologistshavesoughttogain evidencefrompotteryandcontinuetodoso.Therearecasestudiesofseveralapproaches andtechniques,backedupbyanextensivebibliography. CliveOrtonisEmeritusProfessorofQuantitativeArchaeologyatUCLInstituteofArchae- ology.HehaswontheLondonandMiddlesexArchaeologicalSocietyRalphMerrifieldAward forservicetoLondonArchaeologyandtheBritishArchaeologicalAwardsLifetimeAchieve- mentAward.HeisamemberoftheArchaeologyDataServiceManagementCommittee,a memberoftheadvisoryboardforJournalofQuantitativeArchaeology,theeditorofLondon Archaeologist, a member of the editorial board for Archaeologia e Calcolatori, chairman of Southwark & Lambeth Archaeological Excavation Committee and chair of Gresham Ship SteeringCommittee.HismostrecentbooksincludeThePotteryfromMedievalNovgorodand ItsRegion(2006)andSamplinginArchaeology(2000). Michael Hughes was Principal Scientific Officer at The British Museum, Department of ConservationandScientificResearchandSeniorLecturerinForensicScienceandBioscience at University of East London. His work has been published in Archaeometry, Journal of ArchaeologicalScience,StudiesinConservation,MedievalArchaeology,MedievalCeramicsand OxfordJournalofArchaeology,amongothers. CambridgeManualsinArchaeology GeneralEditor GraemeBarker,UniversityofCambridge AdvisoryEditors ElizabethSlater,UniversityofLiverpool PeterBogucki,PrincetonUniversity Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology is a series of reference handbooks designed for an internationalaudienceofupper-levelundergraduateandgraduatestudentsandprofessional archaeologistsandarchaeologicalscientistsinuniversities,museums,researchlaboratories and field units. Each book includes a survey of current archaeological practice alongside essentialreferencematerialoncontemporarytechniquesandmethodology. Booksintheseries VertebrateTaphonomy,R.LEELYMAN PhotographyinArchaeologyandConservation,2ndedition,PETERG.DORRELL AlluvialGeoarchaeology,A.G.BROWN Shells,CHERYLCLAASEN SamplinginArchaeology,CLIVEORTON Excavation,STEVEROSKAMS Teeth,2ndedition,SIMONHILLSON Lithics,2ndedition,WILLIAMANDREFSKY,JR. GeographicalInformationSystemsinArchaeology,JAMESCONOLLYandMARKLAKE DemographyinArchaeology,ANDREWCHAMBERLAIN AnalyticalChemistryinArchaeology,A.M.POLLARD,C.M.BATT,B.STERNandS.M.M. YOUNG Zooarchaeology,2ndedition,ELIZABETHJ.REITZandELIZABETHS.WING QuantitativePaleozoology,R.LEELYMAN Paleopathology,TONYWALDRON Fishes,ALWYNEWHEELERandANDREWK.G.JONES ArchaeologicalIllustrations,LESLEYADKINSandROYADKINS Birds,DALESERJEANTSON Pottery in Archaeology, Second Edition CliveOrtonInstituteofArchaeology,UniversityCollegeLondon MichaelHughesTheBritishMuseum cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107401303 (cid:2)C CliveOrtonandMichaelHughes1993,2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished1993 Secondeditionpublished2013 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationData Orton,Clive,1944–author. Potteryinarchaeology/CliveOrton,InstituteofArchaeology,UniversityCollegeLondon, MichaelHughes,TheBritishMuseum.–SecondEdition. pagescm.–(Cambridgemanualsinarchaeology) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-1-107-00874-8(hardback)–isbn978-1-107-40130-3(paperback) 1.Pottery. 2.Archaeology–Methodology. I.Hughes,Mike,1944–author. II.Title. cc79.5.p6o78 2013 930.1′0285–dc23 2012037613 isbn978-1-107-00874-8Hardback isbn978-1-107-40130-3Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofurlsfor externalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguarantee thatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS ListofFigures pagexiii ListofTables xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix parti historyandpotential 1 HistoryofPotteryStudies 3 Introduction 3 TheArt-HistoricalPhase 5 TheTypologicalPhase 7 TheContextualPhase 12 ParallelThemes–Ethnography 14 ParallelThemes–ProductionandTechnology 15 ParallelThemes–ScientificMethods 17 ParallelThemes–Quantification 21 TheWayAhead 22 2 ThePotentialofPotteryasArchaeologicalEvidence 24 Aims 24 FoundationalData 25 IntegratedData 33 InterpretingData 35 ImplicationsforPractice 36 partii practicalities:aguidetopotteryprocessingandrecording 3 IntegrationwithResearchDesigns 41 4 LifeinthePotShed 46 viii contents Introduction 46 SettingupBase 47 CollectionPolicyandPractice 48 InitialProcessing 50 Equipment 51 RetrievalProcedures 52 CleaningandDrying 54 InitialRecordingandProcessing 55 InitialViewingandSpot-Dating 57 Sorting 58 PhysicalReconstruction 59 Cataloguing 60 ComputersinPotteryResearch 65 ToKeeporNottoKeep 69 5 FabricAnalysis 71 Introduction 71 Equipment 71 FiringCharacteristics 72 Inclusions 75 TheMatrix 76 CreatingandUsingaFabricType-Series 77 6 ClassificationofFormandDecoration 81 Introduction 81 UsesofFormData 81 CreatingandUsingaFormType-Series 82 DescribingShapes 85 VesselsandSherds 85 Decoration 86 DecorationType-Series 90 7 Illustration 93 Introduction 93 ThePurposeofIllustrations 93 DrawingPottery 95 Photography 100 8 PotteryArchives 104 Introduction 104 UsesofArchives 104 PracticalIssues 105 contents ix 9 Publication 113 Introduction 113 PurposeofReport 114 LayoutofReport 115 IndexingandCorrelation 115 MinimumStandardsofPublication 115 ComputerMedia 116 PotterySpecialistsDoItonTheirOwn 117 Summary 117 partiii themesinceramicstudies 10 MakingPottery 121 Introduction 121 RawMaterialsforPotteryManufacture 122 ClayPreparation 125 Forming 125 SurfaceTreatments 133 Drying 134 Firing 134 11 ArchaeologybyExperiment 140 Introduction 140 QuestionsaboutProduction 140 QuestionsaboutUse 143 12 CraftSpecialisationandStandardisationofProduction 144 Introduction 144 ArchaeologicalEvidence 145 Discussion 148 ImplicationsforTheory 149 13 PotteryFabrics 150 WhyLookatFabrics? 151 VisualExamination 155 Archaeometric(Scientific)Techniques:Introduction 160 ArchaeometricTechniques:PetrologicalAnalysis 162 ArchaeometricTechniques:CompositionalAnalysis 168 ArchaeometricTechniques:ScanningElectronMicroscopy(SEM)and MaterialsScienceApproaches 182 IntegrationofScientificandArchaeologicalEvidence 186
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