Potato Physiology

603 Pages·1985·13.131 MB·English

by  Paul H. Li

POTATO PHYSIOLOGY
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POTATO PHYSIOLOGY
Edited by
Paul H. Li
Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture
University of Minnesota
St. Paul, Minnesota
With a foreword by C. J. Weiser
1985
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
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COPYRIGHT © 1985 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA
Main entry under title:
Potato physiology.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Potatoes —Physiology. I. Li, P. H. (Paul H.),
Date
SB211.P8P793 1985 635\21 85-4062
ISBN 0-12-447660-0 (alk. paper)
ISBN 0-12-447661-9 (paperback)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
85 86 87 88 9876 5 4321
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS xi
FOREWORD xiii
PREFACE xv
7. THE POTATO AS A WORLD FOOD CROP, WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DEVELOPING AREAS
Douglas Horton and Richard L. Sawyer
I. Introduction 2
II. Potato Production and Use 1
III. Technology Needs of Developing Areas 16
IV. Summary and Conclusions 30
References 32
2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOASSIMI LATE PARTITIONING
Robert B. Dwelle
I. Photosynthesis 36
//. Photoassimilate Partitioning 48
///. Conclusion 51
References 51
v
vi CONTENTS
3. POTATO RESPIRATION:
ELECTRON TRANSPORT PATHWAYS
Pierre Dizengremel
I. Introduction 60
//. Respiration of Potato Tissues 61
///. Mitochondria 70
IV. Cyanide Resistance 97
V. Conclusions 107
References 109
4. DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE OF TUBERS
R. Larry Peterson, W. George Barker, and Melanie 1 Howarth
I. Introduction 124
//. External Morphology 124
///. Early Tuber Development 128
IV. Tissues of Mature Tubers 131
V. Ergastic Substances 141
VI. Structure of Tubers Grown in Vitro 144
VII. Conclusions 147
References 148
5. CUTTINGS AS SIMPLIFIED MODELS
OF THE POTATO PLANT
Elmer E. Ewing
I. Introduction 154
//. Methodology and Interpretation of Results 156
///. Physiological Studies with Cuttings 159
IV. Cuttings as a Selection Tool for Breeding 175
V. In Vitro Cuttings 180
VI. Implications Concerning the Nature
of the Hypothetical Tuberization Stimulus 190
VII. Implications for Yield Physiology 196
References 199
6. INTERACTIONS OF NITROGEN NUTRITION,
PHYTOHORMONES, AND TUBERIZATION
Adolf Krauss
I. Introduction 209
//. Tuber Initiation and Tuber Growth
as Regulated by Nitrogen Nutrition 210
///. Conclusion 224
References 22 A
CONTENTS vii
7. TUBER INITIATION IN SOLANUAA TUBEROSUM:
EFFECT OF PHYTOHORMONES AND INDUCED
CHANGES IN NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM
Gilbert E Stallknecht
I. Introduction 232
//. Auxins 233
///. Kinins 235
IV. Coumarin 236
V. Miscellaneous Chemicals 238
VI. Inhibitors^Abscisic Acid (ABA) 240
VII. Nucleic Acid Changes 242
VIII. Enzyme Changes 244
IX. Inhibitors of Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism 247
X. Discussion 250
References 252
8. MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY
OF THE MAJOR TUBER PROTEINS
William D. Park, David J. Hannapel, Greg A. Mignery, and Craig S. Pikaard
I. Characterization of Patatin and Its mRNA 262
//. Regulation of Patatin under Normal Conditions 267
///. Induction of Patatin without the Morphology of Tuberization 273
IV. Regulation of Patatin Synthesis
by Photoperiod and Gibberellic Acid 275
V. Conclusions 276
References 277
9. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
IN DEVELOPING POTATO TUBERS
Daryl J. Mares, Joseph R. Sowokinos, and John S. Hawker
I. Introduction 280
//. Scope 281
///. Phloem Unloading and the Movement
of Assimilate to Storage Cells 284
IV. Metabolism of Sucrose 285
V. Biosynthesis of Starch 292
VI. Tuberization of Stolon Tips and Development of Tubers 300
VII. Metabolism of Young Growing Tubers
and the Effects of Exogenous and Environmental Factors 301
VIII. Regulation of Metabolism 306
IX. Conclusion 317
References 318
viii CONTENTS
10. POTATO PROTEINS
Sharon L. Desborough
I. Introduction 330
//. Amino Acids in the Free Pool 331
///. Amino Acid Composition of Potato Protein 333
IV. Protein Fractions and Soluble Protein Relationships 335
V. The Nutritional Quality of Potato Protein 336
VI. Protein Yield and Starch Relationships 340
VII. Protein Changes during Tuber Development 342
VIII. Genetic Variability in Proteins Detected by Gel Electrophoreses 344
IX. Conclusion 346
References 347
11. POTATO REST
Torsten Hemberg
I. Introduction and Definition of the Term Rest 354
//. Duration of the Rest Period,
and Methods to Break and to Induce Rest 355
///. Changes Other than Hormonal
in the Potato Tuber during Rest and Cessation of Rest 359
IV. Changes in the Levels
of Endogenous Hormones during the Rest Period
and Effect of Exogenous Growth Substances on the Rest 363
V. Acidic Inhibitors as One of the Causes of Potato Rest 375
References 379
12. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF POTATO TUBERS
Larry K. Hiller, David C. Koller, and Robert E. Thornton
I. Introduction 389
//. Major Physiological Disorders 391
///. Minor Physiological Disorders 425
IV. Concluding Remarks 441
References 443
13. POTATO FROST HARDINESS
Paul H. Li and Anne Fennell
I. Introduction 457
//. Frost Hardiness 458
///. Frost Hardiness in Relation
to Anatomy Morphology, and Genotype Origin 473
IV. Concluding Remarks 474
References 474
CONTENTS ix
14. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO PLANTS
Ulises Moreno
I. Introduction 482
//. The Potato Plant and Its Potentiality to Environmental Responses 482
///. Effects of Natural Environments 487
IV. Effects of Controlled Environments 493
V. Conclusions 499
References 500
75. POTATO TISSUE CULTURE
AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE
Po-jen Wang and Ching-yeh Hu
I. Types of in Vitro Potato Cultures 504
//. In Vitro Culture Applied to Seed Potato and Field Production 530
///. In Vitro Germ Plasm Preservation 553
IV. In Vitro Mutation Breeding 559
V. Closing Thoughts 560
References 564
INDEX 579