Postprints from the Conference Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings: Visby, February 9-11, 2011

270 Pages·2012·54.277 MB·English

by  Tor Broström, Lisa Nilsen (eds.)

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Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings s
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Energy efficiency is an issue that brings u
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the trade-off between aspects of use and d
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preservation to a head. On the one hand,
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interventions for energy efficiency facilitate s Visby, February 9–11, 2011

long-term use by reducing operating costs; on

the other hand, the interventions may have both

a physical and a visual impact on the cultural

heritage value and the fabric of the building.
In order to promote a sustainable use and
preservation of historic buildings, The Swedish
Energy Agency instituted a National Research
Program for Energy Efficiency in Historic
Buildings. The first stage of the program ran
from 2007 to 2010 with a total budget of around
4 million Euro. Additional funding was provided
by the Church of Sweden and the National
Heritage Board. There were fifteen projects
involving some thirty researchers from different
Swedish universities and research institutes.
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To mark the end of the first stage of the national o
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research program the international conference la
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Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings was held Editors:

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in Visby in February 2011. Most of the projects n
Tor Broström
within the program were presented at the ive
conference and international key-note speakers rs Lisa Nilsen
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were invited to each session, giving a total of 24 y

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papers. More than one hundred participants, r
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representing ten countries, participated in the s
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conference. 1
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This publication is available for download at www.sparaochbevara.se where you also can find
the latest news concerning energy efficiency of our cultural heritage.
Gotland University Press 15
Gotland University Cramérgatan 3 Phone: [phone] E-mail: [email protected]
Address: S-621 67 Visby Fax: [phone] Web: www.hgo.se

Postprints from the Conference
Energy Efficiency in
Historic Buildings
Visby, February 9 11, 2011
–

Postprints from the Conference
Energy Efficiency in
Historic Buildings
Visby, February 9 11, 2011
–

Gotland University Press 15
Editors: Tor Broström and Lisa Nilsen

Publisher: Gotland University Press 2012
Address: Gotland University
S-62156 Visby
Web: www.hgo.se Phone: [phone]
ISSN: 1653-7424 ISBN: 978-91-86343-11-8

Layout: Alice Sunnebäck/JASun KB
Cover pictures: Front: Gripsholm Castle/Tor Broström
Back: Burmeisterska huset in Visby/Love Strandell

Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................... 7
From Historical Climate to Comfortable Climate in Historic Buildings ............ 9
Dario Camuffo and Chiara Bertolin
Mould Problems in Swedish Churches as Influenced by Construction
and Microclimate ........................................................................................20
Jonny Bjurman and Aime Must
Paint Failure as Potential Indicator of Cool Indoor Temperature ....................30
Maria Brunskog
Energy and Power Demand for Intermittent Heating of Churches ................37
Poul Klenz Larsen, Tor Broström and Lars Aasbjerg Jensen
Fan Convectors vs. Bench Heaters in Churches – Impact on Air Velocities ..47
Magnus Mattsson, Tor Broström, Elisabet Linden, Svante Lindström
and Mats Sandberg
Studying Organic Hygroscopic Art Objects Housed in Historic Buildings ....59
Charlotta Bylund Melin
Decision-making on Climate Control for Energy Efficiency and
Preventive Conservation in Historic Buildings ..............................................70
Gustaf Leijonhufvud and Tor Broström
Simulation of the Energy Performance of Historic Buildings .........................81
Torun Widström and Magnus Mattsson
Energy Efficiency in Historic Timber Buildings ..............................................93
Eir Grytli
Energy Efficiency and Preservation in our Cultural Heritage – EEPOCH .....105
Heidi Norrström and Michael Edén
Sustainable and Careful Renovation and Energy Efficiency in
Cultural Historical Buildings – a Pre-study .................................................119
Fredrik Ståhl
Methods to Indentify Air Leakages in the Building Envelope of Churches ...129
Magnus Mattsson, Svante Lindström, Elisabet Linden and Mats Sandberg
Historic Buildings as Museums .................................................................139
Jochen Kaeferhaus
Solar Collectors in a Roof Landscape .......................................................151
Annette Henning
Using an Epidemiological Approach as a Supporting Tool for
Energy Auditing of Culturally and Historically Valuable Buildings ................164
Patrik Rohdin, Mariusz Dalewski and Bahram Moshfegh
CultureBee – Wireless Data Monitoring and Control System ......................175
Allan Huynh, Jingcheng Zhang, Qin-Zhong Ye and Shaofang Gong
Reliability and Latency Enhancements in a ZigBee Remote
Sensing System ........................................................................................183
Jingcheng Zhang, Qin-Zhong Ye, Allan Huynh and Shaofang Gong
Wind Tunnel Measurements of Pressure Distribution on the Façade
of a Church ..............................................................................................199
Mats Sandberg, Magnus Mattsson, David Etheridge and Leif Claesson
Pressure Pulse Technique – a New Method for Measuring the Leakage
of the Building Envelope of Churches .......................................................205
Ed Cooper, David Etheridge, Magnus Mattson and Hans Wigö
Sustainable Refurbishment of Museum Buildings ......................................213
Michaela Hoppe, Volker Huckemann, Lars Klemm, Anke Schenk,
Sven Steinbach and Heiko Werdin
Indoor Climate and Energy Efficiency in Museums ....................................226
Jan G. Holmberg
An Analysis of Microclimate Differences Leading to Sporadic
Mould Growth in Skokloster Castle, an Unheated Historic Building ............236
Jonny Bjurman and Gustaf Leijonhufvud
On Historical Climate in Swedish Stone Churches .....................................245
Mattias Legnér and Mia Geijer
Installations for Heating with Firewood before the Second World War
in the Northern Baltic Sea Region .............................................................260
Joakim Hansson
Preface
The heavier demands that society now places on the efficient management
of finite resources in general and energy in particular is bound to have conse­
quences for our ability to use and thus preserve historic buildings and their
interiors. When rising energy prices coincide with people’s greater insistence on
indoor comfort, all the more historically valuable buildings stand the risk of being
properly heated and, ultimately, either abandoned or vulnerable to damage. Such
a trend runs diametrically counter to the goal of long­term use and preservation of
these buildings.
Energy efficiency is an issue that brings the trade­off between aspects of use
and preservation to a head. On the one hand, interventions for energy efficiency
facilitates long­term use as it makes it possible for buildings to be heated at a
lower running cost; on the other hand, the installations may have both a physical
and a visual impact on the cultural heritage value of the building. Conversely, while
doing nothing may protect the buildings’ cultural­heritage values, in the short
term, there is a danger that such a decision will make them less attractive for
long­term use and thus limit opportunities for their preservation. Economically and
ecologically sustainable heating solutions must therefore be found that make it
possible to use the buildings without jeopardizing their cultural heritage value.
A sustainable use and preservation of historic buildings requires broad and long
term compromises between social, economic and environmental aspects. This
fundamental tenet of the sustainability discourse is not new. A similar philosophy
was espoused by John Ruskin in 1849 in his The Seven Lamps of Architecture,
in which he describes older buildings thus: “They are not ours. They belong partly
to those who built them and partly to all the generations of mankind who are to
follow us.”
In order to promote a sustainable use and preservation of historic buildings,
The Swedish Energy Agency instituted a National Research Program for Energy
Efficiency in Historic Buildings. The first stage of the program ran from 2007 to
2010 with a total budget of around 4 million Euro. Additional funding was provided
by the Church of Sweden and the National Heritage Board. There were fifteen
projects involving some thirty researchers from different Swedish universities and
research institutes. Now, the program continues in another four year period until
2014 with a mixture of continued and new projects.
As scientific coordinator of the research program, Gotland University organized the
conference Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings to mark the end of the first stage
of the national research program. The conference was held in Visby in February
2011. Most of the projects were represented at the conference and international
key­note speakers were invited to each session, giving a total of 24 papers. More
than one hundred participants, representing ten countries, were registered for the
conference.
A most valuable international context to the Swedish projects has been provided
by the project CLIMATE FOR CULTURE funded by the European Commission
(contract nr 226973). Many of the contributions to the conference are part of or
related to this project.
On behalf of the organizers I would like to thank the Swedish Energy Agency for
financing the research program as well as the conference. The contributions of
Thomas Korsfeldt, former Director of the Energy Agency and now chairman of the
program steering group, and Kenneth Asp, coordinator of the research program
have been instrumental to success of the program.
Lisa Nilsen has made an invaluable contribution as administrator of the conference
and co­editor of the proceedings. Thanks also to Alice Sunnebäck for finishing the
layout of the proceedings.
Last but not least, thanks to the speakers and the participants of the conference for
making this conference successful both in terms of scientific results and networking.

Tor Broström
Center for Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings
Gotland University