Postmodern and Political Agency

237 Pages·2015·1.93 MB·English

by  Tuija Pulkkinen

TUIPJUAL KKINEN
THPEO STMOADNEDPR ONL IATGIECNACLY
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ISSN1 238-8025
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CONTENTS
PREFACvE
INTRODCUTION1
PARTO NE
Chapt1eT:rh eLi beraHle/gTehle7i an
Chap2te:Mr o derPno/stmod3e6r n
Chap3t:eP ra rticiDpeamtoocrrayan cdPy es rpeicvtis5m4
PARTT WO
Chap4t:eP ro we7r5
Chapt5e:Cr o mmuni1t40y
PARTT HREE
Chapt6e:Nr at io-Wno men1 21
Chapt7e:Ired nt-itLye sb1ia4n1
Chap8tej:ru d geme-nSte l1f8 1
CONCLUSIO2N0 9
BIBLGIROAPH2Y 12
INDXE 225
PREFACE
"\ l ThenI fi rsbte gatnos kettchoheu tloiftn hebi so okt hilena t1e98 0I5
V Vh adn oi detah amty u nafshionianbtleeir net shtel9 ht ceunrty
nationpaolliistttih coaulga hndtl inkiittn ogi ssuoefgs e ndweoru lsdo on
turonu ttob ea c ommotno p.Ti odcatyh ceo nstruocfgt einodanen rnd a tion
isa tt hfoec uosfa l ivdeilsyc uns.Ls iitodtilIdek notwh atthp eer formative
theoorfgy e nderJ uadnidt h swB ourtwklo eurla'dt trsauccathp henomenal
folloIwd iinsgc.o vBeuretesrltd 'e xatfsth eera rhientrga lkS naitnCa r uizn
1919a ndh astetnoe di nthreowrdo urciken tFoi nltahnrdo umyga hr ticles
whicthh ebnec ampear to ft hbios oIkh .a d nota nyrobedyae dl ssa en'alysis
ofh ewro rwkh ewnr itmiinneg. cIo nsidheertrhe edo rpiozmsiontdge arnnd
ass ucnho lti kteol yw bied ewleyl ceod.mH owevIes ro,or ne altihzaeitdt
wasn ootn lmyy s ubejcticvoen victthiahoten wr r itianrigens d icoafta i ve
turning iontf h deti asbcloeousfpr hsiel ospooplhiy,atn igdce sn dIenrc.l uding
Butlienar t reaotnip soel ittihceaoalrl yo wnigt Fhou caualntdL y otadrode s
noatp pres aop ecultioadraa syi td itde yne aargs.o I ndeed,a fttehrfie r st
printoiftn hgib so oikn1 996s ucahl arpgareto fi ts taonpdti hcesmh easv e
gainienrd a thtehral no stth eciurr rienntte trheaistttr s e prinsteienmsg at
palceP.a rticauslt ahreelsvyee srou rgetnoitpc isn cltuhdbeeo o k5c entral
quest,p ioolnitaigceanalcn ydj dugemeunntd etrh aen xioevteycr u ltural
relatriaviisbseymp d o stmronrd eespecdtie frffeonrac nedrsj e cetioofon n e
turht.
Thef iresdti toifto hnbi os oakp preeaidn t hsee roifeT sh eD epartomfe nt
PhilosaotUp nhiyv erosfHi etlys iIntwk aiss. o on soalndda F oiuntn ish
traantosinl,p ublibsyhG eadu deuasmf,o lloiwn1e d99 9F.o rth isse cond
Engleidsiht Iih oanvae l tevreerldyil temt,a intlhyle a nguhaagbseee ne dited
byE lizaMboeutlhtw ohno sceo ntribIgu rteiaoatnpl pyr te.ec ia
Much tohifen tellbeacctkugarloo ftu hnbidos odka tbeacsk t ot hcer itical
theodriys cusisnti ho1en 9s0 75a ndl9 8s0F 'indla.Mn anfye llsocwh olars
ands tundteastt hUen iverosfHi etlys iannkdi e ecisaptlhlceyi racrloeu nd
thjeuo rnTiaeld jeaE diyssht avneo urimsyhi endt erpeositlt iicna lI theory
amp aritculianrbdleetyd t os ucshc holoafhr iss toofpr oyl ittihcoaulag hst
V
IlkPkaat uoolt,Mo atVtiii kHaarnin,Su i venainudKs a rPia lo,na esn waesl l
toa m yrioafid n diviwdhuoca olnst ritboiu ntsepdi driisncgu sisni ovnasr i­
ousst ugdryo su.p
Id id moofts htwe r itfiontrgh biso odku ritnhgye e a1r9s 91199-4w hile
Iw asa sa v isistcihnogal tta hrUe n iverosfCi atloyir fnSinaat Car uwzh ich
tremendsohuaespdlt yho eut co.m weIi sthot hamnakn pyeo plien volivne d
thFee minSitdsuite Fsou cseRde seaArccthi vaintdHy i stoofrC yo nscious­
ness PraobgorvaemW e,na dlyBl r owjnoc,e laynndD aviHdo ya ndHa yden
Whitfeot rh eciorm menutpsoc nh aptoeftr hsbe o oTkh.ef iinshitnogu ches
wermea dbeac k Hienl siwnhkeirp eh ilosoapswh eelarlsts h fee misnuitds­t
ieasn dq uesetru dcioemsm untiotoyak na ctiinvtee rmeyst w oiwrnhk i ch
stimulmaet etadhtle a sstta goefts h uen dertaIwk iisnthgo . thFainnkn ish
CultuFroauln dation fmoetr os etnamarypbt rl joicentSg.i ntcheet nhA ec ad­
emyo fF inlhaangsde nerosuposnlsyo rmeywd o rfko wrh icIh avme ry
grautle.f
TuijPau lkkinen
vi
INTRODUCTION
Int hbios oIkc onofrntth ter anscensdubeejnctta-la ssuomfmp otdieornns
polittihceaoilrnb y o hti tlsi bearnadHl e geliraxni-faMonar Tmh.el iberal
ontoyla osgsumate rsa nscensdienngtiuanlldaliryv iadgueantlth ,e Hegelian­
Marxioannt oyl toarg anscecnodmemnutnawalil lIa l r.g tuheba toh tt raditions
arbeou ndb ys ujbce-tphilyo,ws hoipcphho msotdertnh oumguhstqt u estion
ino rdteobr ohtfi ght mrnou dneiversaanldai dsdmr deisffsee nrc.e
Id eefndan ono-ufndatuinodnearls taonftd hipeno gl itaigceaanstlc on­
strucantdse idt tue.ad cIl atihmaa tni ndivimdouraall,- pjoludigtisinegcl afl
shoubleud n dsetrogoedn eallolwgyii,tc haaoc uotr. eaIl saor gtuhea ptoi l­
tics sbheuo nudlsedtr oaogdo niasl,tbl iyotchw ithtohuheto riozfto hnue n ity
ofw ill waintdh tohuheto riozfoa ng reembeenttw eweinl. l s
SimultanIed oeeufnsadls y,t ronnagt ioofin n diviadgueanaclsty h seu b­
jceto fj dugemewnittsh pionli ic.ts aIl sdoee fndt hmee anionfig d netyi­t
baspeodl iictaagle ncy; claimcionngs ttrhuactot fet dhanege desonsecn syo t
makieat n lye ossfa na gency.
Two distinacrtceie onntstro ta hlse rt ucutroef t hibso omko:d ren/ops­t
modearnnd l iberal/HeIdg eeiflniteah mneo. d erann dt hpeo msotderans
modeosf t hougohrtt h inkaitnutgdi etnso,at s p erioofdh si stsoorcy;i etal
fromaito,na sesthsettyilocerc s u,l tpuhreanlo m.e na
Them odrenm ade tohfi nkaisIn d gei,fn ietc ,o nasnttcloyn tefosutnsd a­
tioinnts h heo per eovfe atlhifenni agbl a soircs o r.T ehe postrmeofduesrens
three piettimvoev emeonfst t ripapniidnn gs tpeaayadst tenttoti holena y.e rs
Thiosc cuurnsdr et hceo ntentthiatothn ei rsne o b asciocri enp henomena,
onlyn ew layebrehsi dn ohter.Is nt hisse nsteh peo msotderinsa nti­
foundatiIow nialsllp. ey cm iyfa pproiantc hhce h apdteevrto etdot hdei s­
cussoinot nh meo derann dt hpeo msotde.r n
Thed istinbcettiwoelnei nb earnaHdl e gelrieeafrnt s ot woi detayelps t,h e
firbsaste odn t hAen glo-Amaenrdit chsaeen c oonndt h Gee rmatnr adition
ofp olittihcohaut.lgI nm ya nalyIas pipsr otahceham st wod istwianycst of
theocraeltclioyn strupcotliintsgipc caeaT.lh el ogiocradloe fre lemeinst s
diefrfeinnet a cohft htew op olitoinctaoll. o gies
TheA nglo-Amleirbiecpraoanll i tuinciavle rcsoen sitsr ouuctt eodf basic
1
elemewnhtiscIr h ee frt oa s" transclelnsydi enngtualar aigned.niTt"vhs iedyu al
arter anscebnedceantuthsaeealyr n eo atc tiunadli vibduuttah leso reetnitcia­l
tiesst,r ioppfte hdei inrd ividual cahnaldre aoftcn tlweyir tihs ittnihdceis s pen­
sabolnee. Ts he btawsoc ihca ractoeftr riasntsiccesin nddeinvtiadltu halast are
thehya vien diviindtueaalrn edts htat,th ehya vteh cea pactioct hyos oe.
Everytehlisneg i tsth haeto riintz heledi befrraalm ewobruki oliutost f
theel emeonftt rsa nscenidnednitvaialdsi u natlesr esta-gien.nvC teossnt­ed
cespo tfc ommuyn,si otcipeotly,i, st atitc,ces ivil esto.acc rileeo tgyi csaelcl­y
onadrtyo t hceo ncoefpt thi en diidvu.a l
TheH egeliaarnx-ipMaonl itoinctaolld ofigfryesq uidties tifrnocmtl liyb ­
eraoln toyl.Io ntg hHee gelMiaarnx-ioannt goylt,oh beas iecl emeinsn to at
transcenidnedinvtsiaudljbu ceatl, ibnustta ec aodm muyn,wi hticihsu nd­er
stoaosad c ultural-soecnitailt-y.mp ooTslrhtiee tm iacrakclah balrea cteristic
oft hHee geliaarnx-ipMaonl iotnitcoaylli o tsgh acto mmuniicsto yn ceoifv ed
asas ujbcetw ithiitfnsr awmoer.kM orsepe cifilcy,ia itlsc o nceoifva esad n
autonomsoe-ulrsfe flaencdst eilvfe- conKtarnotltilyaipnone fsg u jbcet.
The idceoam moufn aista yr efleacntdai cntgi snujgbce ti sp resienn t
Rousssev aoult'oegne nerwahliecp,hr esecnotmsm uyna isatw i.lI litsm ore
fulplrye saesan s te lf-reaflgeecintntHi evgee slttsae w,h icihs c oan scious­
nesisns earocfsh e lf-cons.Ic iitsao lussponr eessisentn htMe a rxiiaednao lf
thteo tsae-llg foveronras neclef -cboynt thsreoo iclas luj bceto fi tself.
Int hiosn toylt ohgseo csiuajblce t liosg icparlitlooayr n oyt hceorn cept­
ualiziantt hiceoo nn struocfpt oiloinst piacc,iae nlc luidnidnigv iadguea,n lt s
whoa rceo nceiavsaa gbelneot nslw yh etnh seo ciisaa llr eaasdsyu dm.e
Eacohft htew om odepronl itoinctaoll ohgaviteeh seo iwrns peicci fcon­
sequeanncdee ffse cwtistr he garhdo wpt uob lsipcaa cndei sscuoensn ected
witihts ,u cahsd emoccyra,ar ceo ncepzte.udO anleoi fm yi nterients htiss
stuidsyt oi dnetyi tfhecsoen ceptuaalnidzs aotmoieof tn hser ieres tcpive
effecatnsdl imitaitnci oonntse mptohroaurgyIch lta.,i f moerx apml,et hat
thfee mindiisstc uscsairordnii esst intcrtadiievtsesc enfdrmio bnoght oft he
twot raditainodtn hsat,ths ea mheo lstd rufeot rh dei scusosnii doenn tity­
poli,ot fiwc hsicIph r estehneetx ampolfle e sbiidaenn tity.
Thel ibearnadHl e gelian-based poblohitr teilocynaa ln aotnitoonl ogies
ofa genicnty h feo romfa s incglloes seudbe jcotrs elAfsm. y i ntereisnt lies
questiboonhtit nhtger anscesnudjebecnttiaovlfti htleyi betrhaelo ryt haen d
se-lrfleetfcivseuj bceitviotfyt hHee gelitahner yoa,n ds imultsalnye ou
thematpiozliintgai gceanalcn ydj udgemetnhtte,h rtehee oretIifi cndi ans
mositn tereisntt eirnmgps r oovfi mdaitnegrf iotrah lpi osts modeernnd eavor
arMei chFeolua cultj,aen -rn;F;roaiLsyo atr,da nJdu ditBhu tler.
Ic onsitdheer Foucparuilndcioiafgpn el nee aalnopdgo yw earsc rucfioarl
thpeo tsmdoern croiftt hileqi ubeec roanlct eipoonfa genIcv y.i eLwyo tda'rs
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critoifqt uhieed eoafl stoaccloi nettrhorlo ukgnho wleadscg reu ctiota hle
critiquHee goefl itaahrnex- icMaocnn etpo fc ommunwaillJ lu.d iBtuht lers
worokn g eneaalnopdg eryof rmvaittiyc oinnn ecttosi eoaxnn dg endpeorr­
vidfeusr tmhaetre rointa hlpe o tsmodepresnrp ceti.v e
Thep otsmdoerhna bse ecnr itifcoilrzo eods ailnplgo sbsiiyl oifte thics
andp oliwtiitc"hhst e d eaotfht hseu jbce.tT"h el ososfm oraalu tomnyo,i ts
crictliacoiscm c,u wristt hha ed optoifto hvnei eowft hseo ccioanls tructedness
ofs ubejctiMvairtxyti hseto rethiacvaieca cneusdts hpeo msotdern perspec­
tive of pollaciktiiinncvgaeo mllne vto,fi nherreenlta tiaveisstmh,e ticism,
anda ni ncacpiattyor espioswte rT.h ef eminist hcarsai stkiewqdhuy e
potsmdoertnh inkiissn oeg a gteoar b andtohnne at ioonfa genjcsuyta tt he
poiwnhte wno mehna vfien albleyg utnor eatchhse t aotfuap s o liatginecta.l
Int hbioso Ikw ,i ll dtehfveei neodwft hpeo tsmdoeransa ne xtrepmoelliyt i­
cal owfta hyi nkIiw nigla.ll sdoe f tehnvedi etwh aiitts p osibsslei multane­
oustloyc onceoifhv uem aang enacscy o nstrauncdat se da n aUgletnic­y.
matye,Ils eetkop roblemtahateuit zoen yo/mdetermdiinscittsiimn,wo hnich
Iv ieawsl yianttg h hee aorftt h dei psuet.
Thbe ooiksc ompriosfte hdrp eaer .It nsP arOtn eI,i ntromdyuc coen cte p
oft hpeo stmodaenrdnd iscmuosdse rpno littihcoaulgi hnit tt sw oi dle a
tyeps,l ibetrhaolu ganhdtH egeltihuaognh t.I nP arTtwo ,Id iscMuiscsh el
Foucualatn dJ aen-rFarn;oLiyost rada sp rovipdiotnsmgo edrnth emiens
connecttoti hoceno nctesop fp owearn cdo mmuynI.i nPt arTthe reI,t akuep
agency. Tthweoc hfaiprtdseetraw sli tihd einttya p aosl ictaitceaglIo nr yt he
frisotn eId isctuhses idweoam eaonsf a n ati,a onndi nt hsee coonndeI
focuosn l esbiidaenn tIintt hy.te h icrhda pItd eirs ctuhsmeso ral-political
capatcjoi udtgyae n hdo wi its bteco o mbiwniettdhh i ed eoaft hceo nstructed­
nesosft hien divisdeulafl.
Eacohn eo ft hceh aptienrcsl ubdueffse r btyec xotnst empworriatreyr s,
agaiwnhsotmI a rgautve a ripoounisti sn otrod emrma ykp eo nit. dIi sagree
witeha cohft hetmov arydiengegre .s
In POanretm, y p urpoisste od isptlhameyo deprnom/sotdrena nd lib­
eral/Hedgiesltiiann.c tIino ntschhea pfItid erirss tc JuaesnsC ohen and
AndreAwr atcoosn ceopfct i vsiolc iIes thy.o twh atth eciorn ceopfct i vil
sociiesat tyt acthobe ohdt fo rms moodfe rpnoi ltiocnatlo laongdsy u cceeds
onliync ombintihne,gnm oitnc ontestthie.nm g
In tthhei crhda pIta enra l]yUzreg Heanb erma,sR ichaRrotdry J,ae n
Badurilalnajdrae dn F-ranc;oLiyosat dro nd emocrIas chy.o w Htahbaetr mas
adhetrobe osht fo rmosfm odepronil tiocnatloy la ongsdh ownsop ostmodern
conc,ea rnnd Btahuadtr illartdot haHede hgeerlMeiasar nx-ioannt olaongdy
does not iqtfru oemsa tp ioomsnotd erpner spec.Rt oirvstehyo wasc lear
posotdmrenc onceirngn e nebruafatli ,l tsoq uesttiholeni beornatloy. l oIg
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