Postharvest Handling. A Systems Approach PDF
Preview Postharvest Handling. A Systems Approach
Postharvest Handling Postharvest Handling A Systems Approach Third Edition Edited by Wojciech J. Florkowski University ofGeorgia, Griffin,GA, USA Robert L. Shewfelt University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Bernhard Brueckner Institute for Vegetableand Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Germany Stanley E. Prussia University ofGeorgia, Griffin,GA, USA AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier Academic Press is animprintofElsevier 525B Street, Suite 1800,SanDiego, CA 92101-4495,USA 32 Jamestown Road, London NW17BY, UK 225WymanStreet, Waltham, MA 02451, USA Copyright © 2014, 2009, 1993 ElsevierInc. All rights reserved. No part ofthis publicationmay bereproduced, stored ina retrieval system,or transmitted inany form orby any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording orotherwise withoutthe prior written permission ofthe publisher. Permissionsmay be sought directlyfrom Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights, Department inOxford, UK: phone (144) (0) 1865 843830; fax (144) (0) 1865853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively,visit the Science and TechnologyBookswebsite at www.elsevierdirect.com/rightsfor further information. Notice No responsibilityis assumed by the publisher for anyinjuryand/or damage to persons, orproperty asa matter of products liability,negligence orotherwise, or from anyuse or,operationof any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained inthe materialherein.Because ofrapid advancesinthe medical sciences, inparticular, independentverificationofdiagnoses and drugdosages should bemade. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog recordfor this book is available fromthe Library of Congress ISBN:978-0-12-408137-6 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visit ourwebsite at http://elsevierdirect.com Printed and bound inthe United States ofAmerica 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication The third editionof thisbookis dedicated in memory of Dr. Tommy Nakayama, Food Science and Technology in honor of Dr. Brahm Verma,Biological and Agricultural Engineering inmemory ofDr.Joseph C. Purcell, AgriculturalandApplied Economics, of the Universityof Georgia Experiment Station,Griffin, Georgia,USA and inhonor of Dr. Ju¨rgen Weichmannofthe Technical University Munich, Germany. TommyNakayama andBrahm Verma hadthe vision to develop a collaborative research project betweenfood science and engineering and hired a scientist andan engineer toturn the vision into areality. Joseph C. Purcell encouraged the economists hehired tobe activelyinvolved in extending economicknowledge toongoing projects inproduction and postharvest research. Ju¨rgen Weichmann constantly inspired his team ofyoung scientists touncover physiological plantprocesses, essential to improve postharvest technology. Without their vision and confidenceinus,this book would not have been written. v Preface This book is the 3rd revised edition of the book titled “Postharvest Handling: A Systems Approach” published originally in 1993. The application of systems thinking and the systems approach to postharvest handling of fresh fruits and vegetables generates a continued interest and stimulates interdisciplinary research on the topic. Since the publication of the 2nd edition, the systems approach has been proposed for the studyof foodand development policy. The systems approach offers a technique needed to address the increasing complexities of modern world problems, and is a tacit admission of inadequate solutions of real world problems through the application of a strictly disciplinary approach. The disciplinary approach will remain important, but the practical use of such solutions calls for placing them in the context of the actual situation and accounting for direct and increasingly important indirect effects on other players inthe freshfruit andvegetable industry. Since the 2nd edition of the book, the world consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has increased. The international trade in fresh fruit has been growing quite rapidly, increasing the importance of rules, regulations, temperature regimes and legal responsibilities because the value of the shipped fresh produce is high. The variety of issues in terms of postharvest handling, packing, transporting, trac- ing the path of fresh produce, retailing and addressing sustainability has increased as the population of consumers expands worldwide and becomes increasingly diversified in terms oftheir ability to purchase andtheir preferences. The systems approach remains relevant to fresh fruit and vegetable supply value chains for delivering the quality desired by consumers. As in the previous editions, the team of authors made their contributions to the current version. We continue to struggle with the shaping of a common vision of the industry, while sharing the recognition of the systems approach as the single vision driving our individual efforts. We intend to apply this approach while being open to new per- spectives as the world around the fruit and vegetable industry changes. In recent years,progress has been uneven acrossvarious disciplinesengagedinthe delivery of quality fresh produce to consumers. That uneven progress is reflected in the content ofthe current edition incomparison to the 2nd edition. The daily consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables continues to fall short of the recommended level in many countries of the world. We note in the current edition that the source of variation in consumption is not limited to disposable income, but it is influenced by a number of factors. Household fresh fruit con- sumption differs from vegetable consumption and poses a challenge to suppliers and postharvest researchers. Consumers remain the key to the sustained economic success of the fresh fruit and vegetable industry and will remain the focus of the industry. xvii xviii Preface Consumer and household diversification offers earlier absent opportunities for trade and marketing requiring specific handling procedures, selection of distribu- tion channels, focus on quality, but also poses new challenges in terms of protect- ing quality in shipping and finding solutions for trade disputes. These new developments expand rather than limit the application of the systems approach, and this revised and updated book emphasizes this message to audiences around the world; from players in the private and public sector to students and research- ers inacademic and governmentinstitutions. List of Contributors Nigel H. Banks Postharvest.CoLimited, New Zealand Frank Bollen Zespri InternationalLtd, Mt Maunganui,New Zealand Claudio Bonghi DAFNAE,University ofPadova, Italy Jacobus J. Bouwer Koos Bouwer Consulting,Welgemoed, Cape Town, SouthAfrica Bernhard Brueckner Leibniz-Institutefor VegetableandOrnamental Crops(IGZ),Grossbeeren, Germany Inge Bulens Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Ray Collins School ofFood and Agricultural Sciences, University ofQueensland, Australia CarlosH. Crisosto Department ofPlant Sciences, University ofCalifornia, Davis,CA, USA JosseDe Baerdemaeker Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Bart De Ketelaere Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium MalcolmC. Dodd Department ofHorticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica Jean-Pierre Emond Electro-OpticalSystems Laboratory,Georgia Tech Research Institute,Atlanta, GA, USA xix xx List of Contributors ElazarFallik ARO (cid:1)The Volcani Center,Department ofPostharvestScience ofFresh Produce,Bet Dagan, Israel Wojciech J. Florkowski Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia, Griffin, GA, USA Emanuela Fontana Emanuelafontana.comConsulting, Vinovo (Torino), Italy Shengfei Fu Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia, Athens, GA, USA MaartenL.A.T.M. Hertog Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium AnnaM. Klepacka Faculty ofProductionEngineering, WarsawUniversity ofLife Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw,Poland Jeroen Lammertyn Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium GeorgeA. Manganaris Department ofAgricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University ofTechnology,Lemesos, Cyprus Ting Meng Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia, Athens, GA, USA Padmanand MadhavanNambiar Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia, Athens, GA, USA Bart M.Nicolaı¨ Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium SilvanaNicola Department ofAgricultural, Forest and Food Sciences(cid:1) AgriForFood, DISAFA, Universita` diTorino, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy List of Contributors xxi Sompoch Noichinda Division ofAgro-Industrial Technology, Faculty ofApplied Science,King Mongkut’sUniversity ofTechnologyNorthBangkok, Bangkok, Thailand Cristian M. Ortiz LIPA: Laboratorio de Investigacio´n en Productos Agroindustriales Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina y Centro de Investigacio´n y Desarrollo en Criotecnolog´ıa de Alimentos, CIDCA (CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina Stanley E.Prussia University ofGeorgia, College ofEngineering, Griffin, GA,USA Wouter Saeys Flanders Centre ofPostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Daniel B. Sarpong University ofGhana-Legon, Ghana Rob E.Schouten Group HPC: HorticulturalProduction Chains, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen,The Netherlands SholomoSela Postharvest Science ofFresh Produce,Agricultural Research Organization, The VolcaniCenter,Israel Ghanna Sheremenko Department ofAgricultural and Applied Economics, The University ofGeorgia, Athens, GA, USA Robert L. Shewfelt Food Science and Technology,University ofGeorgia, Athens, GA, USA Anna L. Snowdon University ofCambridge, WolfsonCollege, Cambridge, UK GabrielO.Sozzi Consejo Nacional de InvestigacionesCientı´ficas y Te´cnicas,Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Sara A.Sparks Thermo Pac, Stone Mountain, Georgia xxii List of Contributors Leopold (Pol) M.M.Tijskens Group HPC: Horticultural ProductionChains, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen,The Netherlands PietroTonutti Institute ofLife Science,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna,Pisa, Italy PieterVerboven Flanders Centreof PostharvestTechnology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ArielR. Vincente LIPA:Laboratorio de Investigacio´n en ProductosAgroindustriales Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina yCentro deInvestigacio´n yDesarrollo en Criotecnologı´a de Alimentos, CIDCA (CONICET-UNLP),La Plata, Argentina Kerry B.Walsh Plant SciencesGroup,CentralQueensland University,Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia Wendy V.Wismer Department ofAgricultural, Food and Nutritional Science,University ofAlberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ChalermchaiWongs-Aree PostharvestTechnologyProgram, School ofBioresources and Technology,King Mongkut’s University ofTechnology Thonburi,Bangkok, Thailand
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