Post-War International Civil Aviation Policy and the Law of the Air PDF
Preview Post-War International Civil Aviation Policy and the Law of the Air
POST-WAR INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY AND THE LAW OF THE AIR POST-WAR INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY AND THE LAW OF THE AIR by H. A. WASSENBERGH Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y. 1957 ISBN 978-94-017-5707-2 ISBN 978-94-017-6044-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-6044-7 Copyright I957 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereot in any form Originally published by Martinus Nijhoff in 1957. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1957 To the memory 0/ ALBERT PLESMAN FOREWORD Civil A viation has become a public utility serV1-ce. SALVATORE TOMASINO 1) Although civil aviation has enjoyed unflagging publie interest since its birth in 1919, and even before that date, the factors governing the development of civil aviation are nevertheless not widely known. This applies not so much to technical development as to the politieal and economie considerations whieh ultimately determine the pattern of the worldwide network of air routes. Whereas, prior to World War II, civil aviation was regarded mainly as an instrument for political penetration, with perhaps the Netherlands and its K.L.M.2) as a striking exception, since 1945 civil aviation has come to be judged more on its own merits, though it has remained primarily a government matter. The politieal, strategie, economic, financial and social aspects of civil aviation together constitute a field which, particularly since World War II, has come to form the subject-matter of a more or less independent branch of foreign policy, designated by the term "international civil aviation policy". In spite of the dominating factors of national prestige and later of economie nationalism, States have nevertheless directly and indirect1y taken upon themselves a number of obligations in the international field, thereby giving civil aviation an international legal basis. An attempt will be made below to throw some light on the problems that arise in the field of force between politics and law in connection with the regulation of civil aviation throughout the 1) During the 14th Congress of the International Chamber of Commerce, Vienna, 21st May 1953; cl. L'Economie Internationate, No. 6-7, ]unel]uly 1953, Vol. XIX, p. 39. See p. 164, below. I) CI. O. J. Lissitzyn, International Air Transport and National Poliey, New York 1942, pp. 409 and 55. VIII FOREWORD world, in the hope that this will contribute towards a reconcilia tion of the many current conflicting tendencies in the interests of the ideal of "freedom of the air", freedom of air transportation and a united world, mindful of the words of the late Albert Ples man, the former President of the K.L.M.: "The air unites all peoples." Scheveningen, 3Ist December I956 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AGM Annual General Meeting ARB Air Research Bureau (Brussels) CAB Civil Aeronautics Board (V.S.) CATE Conference on the Coordination of Air Transport in Europe (1954) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference IATA International Air Transport Association (Montreal) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization (Montreal) ICC International Chamber of Commerce (Paris) ILA International Law Association ITA Institut du Transport Aerien (Paris) MTCA Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation (V.K.) NJB Ne derlands J uristenblad OEEC Organization for European Economic Cooperation PICAO Provisional International Civil Aviation Organiza tion RGA Revue Generale de l' Air (France) Airlines ALITALIA Aerolinee Italiane Internazionali AV ENSA Aerovias Venezolanas S.A. BEA British European Airways Corporation BOAC British Overseas Airways Corporation DLH Deutsche Lufthansa Aktien Gesellschaft KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines - Koninklijke Lucht vaartmaatschappij N.V. LACSA Lineas Aereas Costarricences S.A. PAA Pan American World Airways Inc. SABENA Societe Anonyme BeIge d'Exploitation de la Naviga tion Aerienne SAS Scandinavian Airlines System SWISSAIR Swiss Air Transport Company Ltd. CONTENTS Foreword VII List 01 abbreviations IX PART I POST-WAR INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION POLICY I. THE BASIS OF POST-WAR CIVIL AVIATION POLICY 3 II. TRENDS IN AVIATION POLICY IN 1944 AND SINCE 11 IH. PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF AVIATION POLICY 21 IV. MEANS OF AVIATION POLICY 29 A. Types of Air Service 30 B. Multilateral Convention 40 C. Capacity 46 D. The Bermuda Principles 53 E. Bilateral Aviation Agreements 61 F. Cabotage - Grand Cabotage - 6th Freedom 69 V. INTEGRATION OF AVIATION 75 PART 11 THE LAW OF THE AIR VI. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL NORMS WITH RESPECT TO CIVIL AVIATION 99 A. Sovereignty in Airspace 100 B. The Right of Innocent Passage 107 C. The Right to Air Transportation 109 D. The Right to Exploit the Aerial Highway 114 XII CONTENTS E. The Norms with respect to Non-scheduled Air Transportation 117 F. The Norms with respect to the Various Kinds of Traffic 119 VII. THE MERITS OF TRENDS IN AVIATION POLICY 124 VIII. A NEW BASIS FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION POLICY? 132 IX. FUTURE PROSPECTS 149 X. THE POSITION OF THE NETHERLANDS 158 Annex Relevant Articles of the CONVENTION ON INTER- NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION 166 Index 175
The list of books you might like
